‫‪ 3‬ﻉ ﺕ ‪ 3 + 2‬ﻫﻨﺪ ﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻫﺪ ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺭﻋﺎﺩ ﺑﺒﻮﺳﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺟﻲ ﻟﻺﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ 07‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫** ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ **‬

‫ﳎﺰﺃﺓ ﺇﲨﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ‪ nCO‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﻞ ﳊﻈﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪0,25‬‬ ‫‪PV‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫=‪n‬‬ ‫‪⇐ PV = nRT‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪0,25‬‬ ‫‪RT‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪{ P ( pa ) , V ( m ) , T ( K ) } :‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫** ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺈﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﻓﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬
‫) ‪t (s‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫) ‪nCO 2 ( mmol‬‬ ‫‪0, 50‬‬ ‫‪0, 92‬‬ ‫‪1,34‬‬ ‫‪1, 66‬‬ ‫‪1,97‬‬ ‫‪2, 24‬‬ ‫‪2, 45‬‬ ‫‪2, 64‬‬ ‫‪2,80‬‬ ‫‪2,89‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫) ‪CaCO 3 (S‬‬ ‫) ‪+ 2H 3O (+aq‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫→‬ ‫) ‪CO 2 ( g‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫) ‪3H 2O ( l‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫) ‪Ca(+aq2‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪0,5‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻓﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪n 0 = 10−2 mol‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻓﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻓﺮﺓ‬ ‫) ‪n 0 − 2 x (t‬‬ ‫) ‪x (t‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻓﺮﺓ‬ ‫) ‪x (t‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻓﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪n 0 − 2x max‬‬ ‫‪x max‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻓﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪x max‬‬

‫‪0,5‬‬
‫‪nCO 2 = x‬‬ ‫** ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪x ( mmol‬‬ ‫‪t =1s‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬
‫‪t =1s‬‬

‫‪02‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪t =1s‬‬

‫‪0,5‬‬
‫‪t =1s‬‬

‫‪0, 5‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪t 1/2‬‬ ‫) ‪t (s‬‬
‫‪t =1s‬‬

‫‪t =1s‬‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫ﺇﲨﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﺰﺃﺓ‬

‫‪ -4‬ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺘﲔ ‪ t = 0‬ﻭ ‪. t = 50 s‬‬

‫‪0,25‬‬ ‫‪1 dx‬‬
‫= ‪ v V‬ﻭ ﺑﺮﺳﻢ ﳑﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﲎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺘﲔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﻭﺗﲔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﳒﺪ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪V dt‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪0,25‬‬ ‫‪1 10−3‬‬
‫‪. v 0 = 5 ×10−4 mol / s‬‬ ‫= ‪ v 0‬ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﳌﺎ ‪: t = 0‬‬
‫‪0,1 20‬‬
‫‪1 ( 2 − 0,5 )10‬‬
‫‪−3‬‬
‫‪0,25‬‬ ‫‪. v 0 = 3 ×10−4 mol / s‬‬ ‫‪ v 50‬ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ‪:‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪ -‬ﳌﺎ ‪: t = 50 s‬‬
‫‪0,1‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪0,25‬‬ ‫** ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﺑﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺃ‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﻤﻲ ‪. x max‬‬
‫‪n0‬‬
‫= ‪x max‬‬ ‫⇐‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪ H 3O +‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﶈﺪ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻥ ‪n 0 − 2x max = 0 :‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪0,25‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪−3‬‬ ‫‪10−2‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪x max = 5 × 10 mol :‬‬ ‫‪x max‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇐‬
‫‪0,25‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺯﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪. t1/2‬‬
‫‪0,25‬‬ ‫= ) ‪x (t 1/2‬‬
‫‪x max‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﻤﻲ ﺃﻱ ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0,25‬‬ ‫‪t 1/2 ≃ 74 s‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫** ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺸﻮﺍﺭﺩ ) ‪ H 3O (+aq‬ﻭ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﺸﻮﺍﺭﺩ ) ‪ Ca(+aq2‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﰲ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻧﺎﻗﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻮﻝ ‪.‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬

‫‪ 07‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫** ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ **‬

‫ﺇﲨﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﺰﺃﺓ‬

‫‪0,5 0,25‬‬
‫‪0,25‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪235‬‬
‫‪92‬‬‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻧﻮﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ‪) :‬‬
‫‪(N‬‬ ‫ﻭ ‪ 143‬ﻧﺘﺮﻭﻥ )‪= A − Z = 143‬‬ ‫‪(Z‬‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ‪ 92 :‬ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻥ ) ‪= 92‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﻲ ‪ ∆m‬ﻟﻨﻮﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ‪ 235‬ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ‪. mU , m n , m P :‬‬

‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪∆m = ( 92 m P + 143m N ) − mU‬‬ ‫‪ ∆m = ( Z m P + ( A − Z ) m N ) − mU‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻟﻨﻮﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ‪. 235‬‬
‫‪E l = ( ( 92 m P + 143m N ) − mU ) c 2‬‬ ‫‪ E l = ∆m c 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﱵ ‪ x‬ﻭ ‪. y‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪0,5‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﳓﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ‪y = 38 ⇐ 92 = 54 + y ، x = 139 ⇐ 235 + 1 = x + 94 + 3 :‬‬
‫‪E lib = ( m X e + m Sr + 2m n − mU ) c 2‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪E lib = Q = ∆m c 2 :‬‬
 ‫‪0,5‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺃ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﻌﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻧﻮﺍﺓ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮﺓ ﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﺷﻌﺎﻋﺎﺕ ‪. γ , β , α‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬
‫‪56 Ba + β‬‬
‫‪−‬‬
‫‪137‬‬
‫‪55‬‬ ‫‪Cs → 137‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻚ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ‪ t1/2‬ﻟﻨﻮﺍﺓ ﻣﺸﻌﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﺘﻔﻜﻚ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺒﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺰﻳﻮﻡ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪. m (t ) = m 0 e − λt :‬‬
‫‪m NA‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫= ‪.N‬‬ ‫⇐‬ ‫=‪n‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M NA‬‬
‫‪4,5‬‬ ‫‪m (t ) N A‬‬ ‫‪m 0 N A −λ t‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ‪N (t ) = N 0 e − λ t :‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬
‫‪m (t ) = m 0 e − λ t‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺠﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫) ‪m (t‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺗﺒﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ‪ t = n t 1/ 2‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪= 2− n :‬‬
‫‪m0‬‬
‫) ‪m (t‬‬ ‫‪− ln2 n t1/2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ln 2 ‬‬ ‫) ‪m (t‬‬
‫‪=e‬‬
‫‪t1/2‬‬
‫⇐‬ ‫= ‪t = n t 1/2 , λ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪= e −λ t :‬‬
‫‪m0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪t 1/2 ‬‬ ‫‪m0‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬

‫) ‪m (t‬‬ ‫) ‪m (t‬‬ ‫) ‪m (t‬‬

‫⇐ ‪= e − ln 2‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪= −2 n‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ‪= e − n ln 2 :‬‬
‫‪m0‬‬ ‫‪m0‬‬ ‫‪m0‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺰﻳﻮﻡ ‪ 137‬ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪ 0,1 %‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬
‫) ‪m (t‬‬
‫‪− n ln 2 = ln10−3 ⇐ ln 2 − n = ln10−3 ⇐ 2− n = 0.001 = 10−3‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪= 0,1%‬‬ ‫ﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪m0‬‬
‫‪ln103‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪ t = n t 1/2 :‬ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ‪ t = 10 × 30‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪t = 300 ans :‬‬ ‫= ‪n ≃ 10 ⇐ n‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪ln 2‬‬

‫‪ 06‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫** ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ **‬

‫ﺇﲨﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﺰﺃﺓ‬

‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ‪:‬‬

‫‪0,25‬‬ ‫‪. i (∞) = 0‬‬ ‫** ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻣﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫** ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﶈﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻟﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫= ‪ E = R I 0 ⇐ I 0‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪E = 50 × 0, 2‬‬ ‫‪ i = I 0 = 0, 2 A‬ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ‪ t = 0‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫‪1,25‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪E = 10 V‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺠﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪5 × 10−3‬‬ ‫‪τ‬‬
‫= ‪C‬‬ ‫= ‪ C‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫** ﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺜﻔﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ‪ τ = 5 × 10 −3 s :‬ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪⇐ τ = R × C‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪C = 100 µ F‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪0,25‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺃ‪ -‬ﺗﺒﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺜﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍ‪‬ﻬﺮﻱ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻜﺜﻔﺔ ﺗﺘﻔﺮﻍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻣﻲ ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ) ‪: U = f (t‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺃﻭﻡ ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪dU (t‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪RC‬‬ ‫‪+ U (t ) = 0 ⇐ 0 = U AM + U MB ⇐ U AB = U AM + U MB‬‬
‫‪dt‬‬
‫‪2,25‬‬ ‫) ‪dU (t‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪+ U (t ) = 0‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ τ = R ×C‬ﻭ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪dt‬‬ ‫‪τ‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪−‬‬
‫‪. U (t ) = E e‬‬ ‫‪τ‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺣﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫‪1 − 1 −‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫) ‪dU (t‬‬ ‫‪1 −‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪−‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ‪− Ee τ + Ee τ = 0 :‬‬ ‫‪= − Ee τ ⇐ U (t ) = Ee τ‬‬
‫‪τ‬‬ ‫‪τ‬‬ ‫‪dt‬‬ ‫‪τ‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 0 = 0‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻰ ﻫﻮ ﺣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺃ‪ -‬ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﲔ ) ‪. E , τ , t , ln (U‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪−‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪lnU = ln  E e τ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪ln‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪ln‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪τ‬‬
‫‪ U (t ) = E e‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻏﺎﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﳒﺪ‬ ‫‪τ‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪ln U = − t + ln E‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪τ‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ** -‬ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﺭﺓ ‪. :‬‬
‫‪2,5‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ lnU = a t + b :‬ﲝﺒﺚ ‪ : a‬ﻣﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪0 − 2,3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‪a‬‬ ‫‪ τ = −‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ‪= −103‬‬ ‫‪⇐ −‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﳒﺪ ﺑﺄﻥ ‪= a :‬‬
‫‪−3‬‬
‫‪2,3 ×10 − 0‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪τ‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪τ = 10−3 s‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫** ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺜﻔﺔ ‪: C ′‬‬
‫‪10−3‬‬ ‫‪τ‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪C ′ = 20 µ F :‬‬ ‫=‪C′‬‬ ‫⇐‬ ‫=‪C′‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ τ = R ×C ′‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬