www.afeias.

com 1
UPSC MAINS 2017 Paper

UPSC MAINS-2017
fgUnh@HINDI
¼vfuok;Z½@(COMPULSORY)

fu/kkZfjr le; % rhu ?kaVs vf/kdre vad % 300

Maximum Marks 300
Time Allowed : Three Hours

Q1. fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij 600 'kCnksa esa fucU/k fyf[k, % 100
¼ a½ rduhd ds vR;f/kd iz;ksx ls mRié [krjs
¼b½ /keZfujis{krk yksdra= dh 'kfä gS
¼c½ uksVcUnh ls Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dks nh?kZ vof/k esa gksus okys ykHk
¼d½ vk;qosZn&i)fr ds izfr ik’pkR; ns’kksa dk vkd"kZ.k

Q2. fuEufyf[kr x|ka’k dks /;kuiwoZd if<+, vkSj mlds vk/kkj ij uhps fn;s x;s iz’uksa ds mŸkj Li"V] lgh vkSj
laf{kIr Hkk"kk esa nhft,% 12×5=60
efLr"d dk loksZŸke Hkkstu iqLrdsa gSaA ,d fopkjd dk dFku gS fd ekuo tkfr us tks dqN lkspk]
fd;k vkSj Ikk;k gS] og iqLrdksa esa lqjf{kr gSA ekuo&lH;rk vkSj laLd`fr ds fodkl dk iwjk Js; iqLrdksa dks
tkrk gSA iqLrdksa dk egRo vkSj ewY; cstksM+ gSA iqLrdsa var%dj.k dks mTtoy djrh gSaA vPNh iqLrdsa euq";
dks Ik’kqRo ls nsoRo dh vksj ys tkrh gSa] mldh lkfRod o`fŸk;ksa dks tkx`r dj mls iFkHkz"V gksus ls cpkrh gSa
,oa euq";] lekt vkSj jk"Vª dk ekxZn’kZu djrh gSaA iqLrdksa dk gekjs eu vkSj efLr"d ij LFkk;h izHkko iM+rk
gS vkSj os izsj.kknk;d gksrh gSaA
iqLrdsa euksjatu ds {ks= esa Hkh ekuo dh lsok djrh gSaA ;gk¡ euksjatu dk rkRi;Z dsoy gkl&foykl ls
ugha gS vfirq euksjatu dk vFkZ xgu gSA tks iqLrdsa ikBdksa dks xgjkbZ ls Nw ysrh gSa vkSj muds eu dks jek
ysrh gSa os lPps vFkksZa esa ejksjatu iqLrdsa gSaA tks iqLrd ikBd dks ftruh xgjkbZ esa ys tkrh gS] og mruh gh
vkândkjh gksrh gSA ;ksa gYds&QqYds lkfgR; dk egŸo Hkh de ugha gSA ,slk lkfgR; euq"; ds ruko dks ,d
cM+h lhek rd de dj nsrk gS vkSj mlds eqj>k, eu dks f[kyk nsrk gSA
vPNh iqLrdsa ekuo dks Kku vkSj euksjatu iznku djrh gSaA foKku] okf.kT;] dyk vkSj dkuwu dh
iqLrdsa ekuo ds Kku esa o`f) djrh gSaA bUgsa i<+ dj euq"; vius Hkhrj vkarfjd 'kfä dk vuqHko djrk gSA
lPPkh ckr rks ;g gS fd iqLrdsa gekjh lPph ekxZn’kZd gSaA os gesa u,&u, {ks=ksa vkSj jgL;ksa dk Kku rks djkrh
gh gSa] lkFk gh fparu vkSj euu ds fy, Hkh ck/; djrh gSaA iqLrdsa euq"; dh nqfo/kk dks lekIr dj n`<+ ladYi
txkrh gSaA xk¡/kh th ^xhrk^ dks ek¡ dh laKk nsrs Fks] D;ksafd izR;sd dfBu fLFkfr esa og mudk ekxZn’kZu djrh
 www.afeias.com 2
UPSC MAINS 2017 Paper

FkhA iqLrdsa ,slh ekxZn’kZd gSa] tks u rks naM nsrh gSa] u Øksf/kr gksrh gSa vkSj u gh izfrnku esa dqN ek¡xrh gSaA
ysfdu lkFk gh viuk ve`r&rŸo nsus esa dksbZ dksrkgh ugha cjrrh gSaA
iqLrdsa euq"; dks lPpk lq[k vkSj foJkafr iznku djrh gSaA iqLrd&izseh lcls vf/kd lq[kh gksrk gSA og
thou esa dHkh 'kwU;rk dk vuqHko ugha djrk gSA iqLrdksa ij iwjk Hkjkslk fd;k tk ldrk gSA
fopkjksa ds ;q) esa iqLrdsa gh vL= gSaA iqLrdksa esa fufgr fopkj lEiw.kZ lekt dh dk;kiyV djus esa
leFkZ gSaA vkt dk lalkj fopkjksa dk gh lalkj gSA lekt esa tc Hkh dksbZ ifjorZu vkrk gS vFkok ØkfUr gksrh
gS] mlds ewy esa dksbZ u dksbZ fopkj/kkjk gh gksrh gSA Js"B iqLrdsa lekt esa uopsruk dk lapkj djrh gSa vkSj
lekt esa tutkx`fr ykus esa viuh egŸoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk djrh gSaA iqLrdsa i<+us ls euq"; dk n`f"Vdks.k O;kid
gks tkrk gS vkSj mlesa mnkr&Hkkouk vk tkrh gSA
iqLrdsa ,slh vejfuf/k gSa] tks fiNyh ih<+h ds vuqHkoksa dks vfody :Ik esa vxyh ih<+h rd igq¡pkrh gSaA
buesa fufgr Kku dks dksbZ u"V ugha dj ldrkA la{ksi esa iqLrdksa dk egŸo vrqyuh; gSA
¼a½ iqLrdksa dks cstksM+ D;ksa ekuk x;k gS \ 12
¼b½ bl dFku ls ys[kd dk D;k vfHkizk; gS fd ^euksjatu dk vFkZ xgu gS^ \ 12
¼c½ iqLrdsa gekjh lPph ekxZn’kZd D;ksa gSa \ 12
¼d½ xk¡/kh th ^xhrk^ dks ek¡ dh laKk D;ksa nsrs Fks \ 12
¼e½ iqLrdsa lekt esa uopsruk dk lapkj dSls djrh gSa \ 12

Q3. fuEufyf[kr vuqPNsn dk lkjka’k yxHkx ,d&frgkbZ 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A bldk 'kh"kZd fy[kus dh vko’;drk ugha
gSA lkjka’k vius 'kCnksa esa gh fyf[k,A 60
Je lalkj esa lQyrk izkIr djus dk egRoiw.kZ lk/ku gSA Je dj ds gh ge viuh vkdka{kkvksa dks iwjk
dj ldrs gSaA lalkj deZ{ks= gSA vr% deZ djuk gh ge lcdk /keZ gSA fdlh Hkh dk;Z esa gesa rHkh lQyrk fey
ldrh gS] tc ge ifjJe djsaA
Je gh thou dks xfr iznku djrk gSA ;fn ge Je dh mis{kk djrs gSa] rks gekjs thou dh xfr #d
tkrh gSA vdeZ.;rk gesa ,sls ?ksj ysrh gS fd mlds ?ksjs ls fudyuk dfBu gks tkrk gSA tcfd ifjJeh O;fä
lHkh izdkj dh dfBukb;ksa ls tw>dj vkxs c<+rk vkSj pgq¡eq[kh lQyrk izkIr djrk gSA og HkkX; dk lgkjk ugha
ysrk] cfYd fujUrj iq#"kkFkZ djrk gSA ;Ru djus ij Hkh ifjJeh O;fä dks ;fn lQyrk ugha feyrh] rks og
fujk’k ugha gksrkA og ;g tkuus ds fy, lps"V jgrk gS fd dk;Z esa lQyrk D;ksa ugha feyhA vFkkZr~ og viuh
dfe;ksa dks nwj djrk gS] rkfd lQyrk mlds dne pwe ldsA
bl lalkj esa gesa ix&ix ij la?k"kZ dj viuk ekxZ Lo;a cukuk iM+rk gSA ge pkgs ftrus Hkh 'kfä’kkyh
vkSj lk/ku lEié D;ksa u gks]a ;fn ge Je djus ls cprs gS]a rks ek= lk/ku lEiérk gesa y{; dh vksj ugha ys
tk ldrh gSA lalkj esa ftrus Hkh egkiq#"k gq, gS]a mudh vk’kkrhr lQyrk ds ewy esa Je vkSj 'kfä dk cM+k
;ksxnku jgk gSA
 www.afeias.com 3
UPSC MAINS 2017 Paper

gekjs lekt esa cgqr ls yksx fu;froknh ;k HkkX;oknh gSaA ,sls O;fä lekt dh izxfr esa ck/kd gSaA
vkt rd fdlh HkkX;oknh us lalkj esa dksbZ egku~ dk;Z ugh fd;kA cM+h&cM+h [kkstsa] vfo"dkj ,oa fuekZ.k Je ds
}kjk gh laHko gks lds gSaA gekjs lk/ku vkSj izfrHkk gesa dsoy mRizsfjr djrs gSa] gekjk iFk izn’kZu djrs gSaA ij
y{; rd ge Je ds ek/;e ls gh igq¡prs gSaA
Je djus ls ;’k vkSj oSHko nksuksa dh izkfIr gksrh gSA tc ge vius dŸkZO; dk ikyu djus ds fy, Je
djrs gSa] rks gekjs eu dks ,d vn~Hkqr vkUkUn feyrk gSA var%dj.k dk lkjk iki /kqy tkrk gS vkSj larks"k dk
vuqHko gksrk gSA ifjJeh O;fä ds fy, dksbZ Hkh deZdkaM egŸoiw.kZ ughA vius dŸkZO;iFk ij pyuk gh mldh
lk/kuk gSA tc dksbZ fdlku fnu Hkj dM+h /kwi esa vius [ksr esa esgur djrk gS vkSj lk;adky viuh >ksiMh esa
vkuUneXu gks dj yksd xhr xkrk gS] rks ml le; mldh Loj&ygfj;ksa esa tSls fnO; laxhr dh l`f"V gksrh
gSA
‘ ’kkjhfjd Je ls euq"; dks larks"k rks feyrk gh gS] mldk 'kjhj Hkh LoLFk jgrk gSA vktdy 'kkjhfjd
Je ds vHkko ds dkj.k gh euq"; vusd O;kf/k;ksa ls f?kjk gqvk gSA 'kkjhfjd Je izR;sd O;fä ds fy, vko’;d
gSA dguk u gksxk fd 'kkjhfjd Je djus okys yksx nh?kZthoh gksrs gSaA ;g dgk gh tkrk gS fd LoLFk 'kjhj esa
gh LoLFk efLr"d dk okl gksrk gSA og xaHkhj ls xaHkhj rF; Hkh lgt esa gh xzg.k dj ysrk gSA fo"ke
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh og ?kcjkrk ugha gS] cfYd lkgl ls mudk eqdkcyk djrk gSA og gj leL;k dk lek/kku
[kkst ysrk gSA ekufld Je ds egŸo dks le> dj gh gekjs _f"k fparu yhu jgrs Fks vkSj tufgr dks ys dj
fopkj’khy jgrs FksA
Je dk ,d fof’k"V vFkZ Hkh gSA bl vFkZ esa Je mRiknd Hkh gS vkSj vuqRiknd HkhA fdlku ifjJe ls
[ksrh djrk gSA ;g mRiknd Je dh Js.kh esa vk,xkA [ksy [ksyus esa ;k O;k;ke djus esa tks Je gksrk gS] og
vuqRiknd Je dgk tk,xkA bl Je dk Hkh viuk egŸo gSA xk¡/kh th dk dguk Fkk fd tc Je gh djuk gS
rks mRiknd Je gh D;ksa u fd;k tk,A ;ksa xk¡/kh th lHkh izdkj ds Je esa vkUkUn dk vuqHko djrs FksA
ftl ns’k dh turk ifjJeh gksrh gS] ogh ns’k méfr djrk gSA tkiku vkSj teZuh us fo’o ;q) dh
foHkhf"kdkvksa dks >syus ds ckn Hkh viuk iqu% fuekZ.k dj fy;kA bldk dkj.k ogk¡ dh turk dk Je gh gSA
fu"d"kZr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd Je gh thou dk lq[k gS vkSj l`tu dk ewy Hkh gSA ¼705 'kCn½

Q4. fuEufyf[kr x|ka’k dk vaxzsth esa vuqokn dhft, % 20

lqizfl) Lora=rk lsukuh jktf"kZ iq#"kksŸkenkl VaMu us lu~ 1919 esa bykgckn uxjikfydk ds v/;{k dk
dk;ZHkkj l¡HkkykA ;g muds fy, dfBu ijh{kk Fkh] D;ksafd os E;qfufliy cksMZ ds ps;jeSu rks Fks] ysfdu v¡xzstksa
dk bruk jksc vkSj ncnck Fkk fd lkEkkU; Hkkjrh; ds fy, muds chp dke djuk dfBu FkkA dk;ZHkkj l¡Hkkyrs
gh VaMu th us ns[kk fd QkSth Nkouh okys ikuh dk bLrseky rks djrs gSa] ysfdu dj ugha nsrs gSaA mUgksaus QkSth
 www.afeias.com 4
UPSC MAINS 2017 Paper

Nkouh ds vf/kdkjh dks ;g uksfVl Hkstk fd ;fn ,d ekg ds Hkhrj dj ugha tek fd;k x;k] rks mUgsa ikuh nsuk
can dj fn;k tk,xkA
bl uksfVl ls QkSth Nkouh esa] iwjs 'kgj esa ,oa uxjikfydk ds dk;kZy; esa rgydk ep x;kA LFkkuh;
v[k+ckjksa us Hkh VaMu th ds mi;qZä vkns’k dks izeq[krk ls NkikA Nkouh ds ikuh dk dusD’ku dkVus ds vafre
fnu dbZ QkSth vf/kdkjh E;qfufliy cksMZ ds n¶+rj esa igq¡ps vkSj muesa ls ofj"B vf/kdkjh us VaMu th ls dgk
fd vki Nkouh dk ikuh can ugha dj ldrsA VaMu th us 'kkar Hkko ls dgk fd ;fn vkt dj ugha tek fd;k
x;k] rks dy ikuh dk dusD’ku dkV fn;k tk,xkA
vf/kdkjh Øks/k esa ph[kk&fpYyk;k] ysfdu VaMu th vfopfyr jgsA vUrr% lHkh QkSth vf/kdkjh ogk¡ ls
pys x,A n¶+rj esa luluh QSy x;hA VaMu th dh /khjrk vkSj n`<+rk ns[k dj lHkh yksx fofLer FksA
nwljs fnu Nkouh ds v¡xzst+ vf/kdkfj;ksa us dj tek dj fn;kA

Q5. fuEufyf[kr x|ka’k dk fgUnh esa vuqokn dhft, % 20

In ancient times in most civilized countries, for example, in Egypt, Iraq, India,
China and in the Roman Empire, many great irrigataion works were constructed. In very
hot countries water is even carried in underground channels to prevent it from being
evaporated by the sun’s heat In modern times, great dams have been built across rivers
and these are used for more than one purpose, hence they are called multipurpose
undertakings. Firstly, such dams, help to prevent floods, by controlling the amount of
water which rushes down a river in the rainy season. This also prevents an enormous
amount of damage and loss to farmers. Secondly, by storing up great quantities of water
in the artificial lakes behind the dams. irrigation can be provided for many acres of land
in the dry season, so that crops can be grown where none would have grown before.
Thirdly, the people in the towns and cities in the neighbourhood can be certain of getting
a sufficient supply of water for drinking and other purposes, even in the driest weather.
Fourthly, the water stored up behind the dams is made to generate electric power by
letting it run through turbines.

Q6. ¼a½ fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa dk vFkZ Li"V djrs gq, mudk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft, % 2×5=10
(i) pk¡n ij Fkwduk 2
 www.afeias.com 5
UPSC MAINS 2017 Paper

(ii) gFksyh ij ljlksa mxkuk 2

(iii) psgjs ij gokb;k¡ mM+uk 2
(iv) viuk mYyw lh/kk djuk 2
(v) xM+s eqnsZa m[kkM+uk 2

(b) fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa ds 'kq) :Ik fyf[k, % 2×5=10

(i) mUgksaus gkFk tksM+kA 2
(ii) 'ksj dks ns[k dj mlds izk.k lw[k x;kA 2
(iii) d``Ik;k vkt dk vodk’k nsus dh d``ik djsaA 2
(iv) dqN izdk’kd ys[kdksa dks fujk’kk nsrs gSaA 2
(v) uhrk [kkrk gSA 2

(c) fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ds nks&nks Ik;kZ;okph fyf[k, % 2×5=10

(i) iq"Ik 2
(ii) i``Foh 2
(iii) dkenso 2
(iv) pUnzek 2
(v) unh 2

(d) fuEufyf[kr ;qXeksa dks bl rjg ls okD; esa iz;qä dhft, fd mudk vFkZ ,oa varj Li"V gks
tk, % 2×5=10
(i) y{; & y{k 2
(ii) Losn & 'osr 2
(iii) lqf/k & lq/kh 2
(iv) Hkou & Hkqou 2
(v) ifjrki & izrki 2