Concrete Anchors

TENN PK Wedge Anchors

Torque-Controlled Expansion Anchors

INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
a. b.

PK Wedge Anchors are set by torque and are suitable Bolt Material Properties
for either preset or through-fix installations. The Ultimate Min.
Material:
PK expanding collar is specifically designed to give Carbon steel Tensile Yield
controlled expansion within the base material for high Strength Stress
Surface coating: c. d.
pull-out performance. Zinc electroplating ft, N/mm2 fy, N/mm2
to Zn2 (min. 5
500 400
DESCRIPTION micrometers thick)
Tenn PK Wedge Anchor is a carbon steel stud bolt
with a tapered mandrel around which an expansion Bolt Strengths
collar is fitted. A hexagon nut and a washer are
pre-assembled on the threaded end of the bolt. Anchor Stress Minimum Loads
Size Area e. f.
Tension Shear
The anchor is placed in a hole drilled in hardened d As, mm2 kN kN
concrete. When the nut is tightened, the bolt’s
M6 20.1 10.1 6.1
tapered end is drawn into the expansion collar,
M8 36.6 18.3 11
forcing it to expand outwards to grip the sides of M10 58 29 17.4
the hole. M12 84.3 42.2 25.3
M16 157 78.5 47.1 a. Drill hole to correct diameter and depth.
M20 245 122.5 73.5 b. Blow out dust. c. Brush sides of hole.
M24 353 176.5 105.9 d. Blow out dust. e. Tap in anchor.
f. Apply tightening torque.
INSTALLATION DATA
Maximum Drill- Minimum Clearance
Anchor Anchor Attachment Hole Drill-Hole Max. Tightening Torque Wrench Hole
Product ID Size Length Thickness Diameter Depth Size Diameter
d l, mm tfix, mm do, mm ho, mm Tinst, Nm Tinst, ft.lb. SW, mm D2, mm
Tinst
PK.06065 M6 65 20 6 55 5 3.6 10 8
PK.06100 M6 100 55 6 55 5 3.6 10 8
SW PK.08075 M8 75 25 8 55 12 8.7 13 10
PK.08080 M8 80 55 8 55 12 8.7 13 10
d PK.08090 M8 90 25 8 55 12 8.7 13 10
PK.08110 M8 110 55 8 55 12 8.7 13 10
PK.10060 M10 60 15 10 65 23 16.9 17 12
tfix D2 PK.10080 M10 80 35 10 65 23 16.9 17 12
PK.10090 M10 90 55 10 65 23 16.9 17 12
PK.10100 M10 100 65 10 65 23 16.9 17 12
PK.10120 M10 120 85 10 65 23 16.9 17 12
l PK.10150 M10 150 115 10 65 23 16.9 17 12
hef PK.12080 M12 80 30 12 70 40 29.2 19 14
ho PK.12100 M12 100 50 12 70 40 29.2 19 14
PK.12120 M12 120 70 12 70 40 29.2 19 14
PK.12130 M12 130 80 12 70 40 29.2 19 14
PK.12150 M12 150 100 12 70 40 29.2 19 14
PK.16100 M16 100 12 16 80 98 72.2 24 18
PK.16125 M16 125 37 16 80 98 72.2 24 18
PK.16140 M16 140 50 16 80 98 72.2 24 18
PK.16180 M16 180 90 16 80 98 72.2 24 18
PK.16220 M16 220 130 16 80 98 72.2 24 18
do PK.20125 M20 125 20 20 100 191 140.6 30 22
PK.20140 M20 140 40 20 100 191 140.6 30 22
PK.20160 M20 160 60 20 100 191 140.6 30 22
PK.20260 M20 260 160 20 100 191 140.6 30 22
PK.24180 M24 180 45 24 135 331 244 36 26

A5-1
FAILURE MODES
Failure modes are influenced by 2. Anchor pull-through 4. Concrete cone failure 5. Edge spall
installation technique, embedment Nu The anchor pulls out Breakout of a cone of concrete that forms Failure characterized by
Nu
depth, base material compressive through the expan- from the base of the anchor to the surface the formation of a partial
strength, base material thickness, sion collar. The collar concrete cone towards
anchor spacing and edge distance. remains in the hole. Nu the nearest free edge of
The typical failure the concrete. Increasing
Six failure modes have been
mode for anchors of the anchor’s distance
identified for properly installed PK from the edge will improve its load
deep embedment (e.g.
Wedge Anchors loaded in tension: capacity.
hef = >7d).

1. Anchor pull-out 3. Steel failure 6. Splitting failure

Nu Nu This mode is observed for anchors
The anchor pulls out
installed in thin or narrow slabs.
intact from the hole of the concrete. This mode indicates that
with little or no the tensile capacity of the concrete at the Nu
damage to the cone failure surface has been exceeded.
concrete. The typical This is the most common failure mode.
failure mode for Deeper embedment and appropriate
anchors set in low Failure characterized by elongation and anchor-to-anchor spacing and anchor-
strength concrete rupture of the bolt. It can occur only with to-edge distance can produce higher
or oversized drill holes. the smallest sizes of PK Wedge Anchors. cone failure loads.

LOAD – DISPLACEMENT GRAPHS

Graphs 1 & 2 show typical direct pull-out load versus displacement in 25 N/mm2 concrete. Graph 3 shows typical 90° shear load versus displacement in
25 N/mm2 concrete.
Graph 1 Graph 2 Graph 3
25 50 120 M24
M12
M24
M10 100
20 40 M20
M8
80
M20
15
LOAD kN

30
LOAD kN

LOAD kN

60
M16
M16
10 20
40 M12
M10
5 10 20 M8

0 0 0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
DISPLACEMENT mm DISPLACEMENT mm DISPLACEMENT mm

ULTIMATE AND SAFE WORKING LOADS for PK Wedge Anchors

Concrete grade: C20/25

Drill- Effective Minimum Critical Combined Tension and Shear Loading
Anchor Hole Embedment Concrete Critical Edge Ultimate Loads Safe Working Loads
Size Diameter Depth Thickness Spacing Distance Tension Shear Tension Shear
d do, mm hef, mm h, mm scr, mm ccr, mm Nu, kN Vu, kN Nrec, kN Vrec, kN
Tension
M6 6 35 75 90 70 7.2 7.3 1.8 2.1 hef
Combined Shear
M8 8 45 90 115 90 10.3 12 2.6 3.1 + Tension
Shear
M10 10 55 100 140 110 15 18.8 3.8 4.7
M12 12 65 120 165 130 22.4 31.4 5.6 7.9 For an anchor loaded in both tension and shear, the
resulting combined load must satisfy the following
M16 16 90 150 225 180 36 55.3 10.4 13.8 equation:
M20 20 110 180 275 220 49.7 66 12.4 16.5 Actual tension load Actual shear load
+ 1.4
M24 24 130 200 325 260 74.8 89.1 18.7 22.3 Safe working tension load Safe working shear load

1. Critical Spacing scr is the least centre-to-centre spacing at which the safe working loads listed above are applicable.
2. Critical Edge Distance ccr is the least anchor-to-edge distance at which the safe working loads listed above are applicable.
3. Min. Spacing smin and Min. Edge Distance cmin are the absolute minimum spacing and edge distance allowed.
4. Safe working loads for anchors with anchor-to-anchor spacing less than scr or edge distance less than ccr should be
reduced by a percentage corresponding to the percentage of reduction in critical spacing and critical edge distance. It may
be necessary to apply more than one reduction factor to the anchor’s safe working load if the anchor is unfavourably
affected by more than one edge distance or close spacing.

© 2011 TENN HOLDINGS SDN. BHD. (341107-M) 110913

A5-2
Concrete Anchors

TENN HPK Wedge Anchors Hot-dip Galvanized

Torque-Controlled Expansion Anchors

IINSTALLATION PROCEDURE
a. b.

Providing heavy-duty insitu anchorage for attach- Bolt Material Properties

ments to hardened concrete, Tenn HPK Wedge Ultimate Min.
Material:
Anchors give complete support in shear for a Carbon steel Tensile Yield
stronger fastening against dynamic side loads. They Strength Stress
Surface coating:
are specifically designed for quick installation. Hot-dip zinc galvanized, ft, N/mm2 fy, N/mm2
c. d.
~45 micrometers coating
Tenn HPK Wedge Anchor is a pre-assembled anchor thickness 500 400
comprising a nut, a washer and a steel stud bolt with
a tapered head around which a tough expansion Bolt Strengths
collar is fitted. The anchor is set by torque and may
Minimum
be used for either preset or through-fix installations. Anchor Stress Breaking Loads
To ensure a durable, high performance anchorage Size Area
Tension Shear e. f.
with high pull-out values, the collar is specifically
designed to give controlled expansion within the base d A s, mm2 kN kN
material. M6 20.1 10.1 6.1
M8 36.6 18.3 11
The anchor is placed in a hole drilled in hardened M10 58 29 17.4
concrete. When the nut is tightened, the bolt’s tapered M12 84.3 42.2 25.3
end is drawn into the expansion collar, forcing it to M16 157 78.5 47.1
M20 245 122.5 73.5 a. Drill hole to correct diameter and depth.
expand outwards to grip the sides of the hole. M24 353 176.5 105.9 b. Blow out dust. c. Brush sides of hole.
d. Blow out dust. e. Tap in anchor.
f. Apply tightening torque.
INSTALLATION DATA
Maximum Drill- Minimum Clearance
Anchor Anchor Attachment Hole Drill-Hole Max. Tightening Torque Wrench Hole
Tinst Product ID Size Length Thickness Diameter Depth Size Diameter
d l, mm tfix, mm do, mm ho, mm Tinst, Nm Tinst, ft.lb. SW, mm D2, mm
SW
HPK.08065 M8 65 15 8 55 12 8.7 13 10
HPK.08090 M8 90 25 8 55 12 8.7 13 10
d
HPK.10060 M10 60 15 10 65 23 16.9 17 12
HPK.10080 M10 80 35 10 65 23 16.9 17 12
tfix D2 HPK.10100 M10 100 65 10 65 23 16.9 17 12
HPK.10120 M10 120 85 10 65 23 16.9 17 12
HPK.10150 M10 150 115 10 65 23 16.9 17 12
l HPK.12080 M12 80 30 12 70 40 29.2 19 14
hef HPK.12100 M12 100 50 12 70 40 29.2 19 14
ho HPK.12120 M12 120 70 12 70 40 29.2 19 14
HPK.12150 M12 150 100 12 70 40 29.2 19 14
HPK.16125 M16 125 37 16 80 98 72.2 24 18
HPK.16140 M16 140 50 16 80 98 72.2 24 18
HPK.16180 M16 180 90 16 80 98 72.2 24 18
HPK.20125 M20 125 20 20 100 191 140.6 30 22
HPK.20140 M20 140 40 20 100 191 140.6 30 22
HPK.20160 M20 160 60 20 100 191 140.6 30 22
do HPK.20260 M20 260 160 20 100 191 140.6 30 22
HPK.24180 M24 180 45 24 135 331 244 36 26

A6-1
FAILURE MODES
Failure modes are influenced by 2. Anchor pull-through 4. Concrete cone failure 5. Edge spall
installation technique, embedment Nu The anchor pulls out Breakout of a cone of concrete that forms Failure characterized by
Nu
depth, base material compressive through the expan- from the base of the anchor to the surface the formation of a partial
strength, base material thickness, sion collar. The collar concrete cone towards
Nu
anchor spacing and edge distance. remains in the hole. the nearest free edge of
The typical failure the concrete. Increasing
Six failure modes have been
mode for anchors of the anchor’s distance
identified for properly installed HPK from the edge will improve its load
deep embedment (e.g.
Wedge Anchors loaded in tension: capacity.
hef = >7d).

1. Anchor pull-out 3. Steel failure 6. Splitting failure

Nu Nu This mode is observed for anchors
The anchor pulls out
installed in thin or narrow slabs.
intact from the hole of the concrete. This mode indicates that
with little or no the tensile capacity of the concrete at the Nu
damage to the cone failure surface has been exceeded.
concrete. The typical This is the most common failure mode.
failure mode for Deeper embedment and appropriate
anchors set in low Failure characterized by elongation and anchor-to-anchor spacing and anchor-
strength concrete rupture of the bolt. It can occur only with to-edge distance can produce higher
or oversized drill holes. the smallest sizes of HPK Wedge Anchors. cone failure loads.

LOAD – DISPLACEMENT GRAPHS

Graphs 1 & 2 show typical direct pull-out load versus displacement in 25 N/mm2 concrete. Graph 3 shows typical 90° shear load versus displacement in 25 N/mm2 concrete.

Graph 1 Graph 2 Graph 3

25 50 120 M24
M12
M24
M10 100
20 40 M20
M8
80
M20
15
LOAD kN

30
LOAD kN

LOAD kN

60
M16
M16
10 20
40 M12
M10
5 10 20 M8

0 0 0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
DISPLACEMENT mm DISPLACEMENT mm DISPLACEMENT mm

TEST DATA Average Ultimate Pull-out Loads, Nu (kN)

HPK Wedge Drill-Hole
Anchor Size Diameter Embedment Depth, hef
Tension Test Setup d do, mm 35 mm 45 mm 55 mm 65 mm 75 mm 90 mm 110 mm 130 mm
M6 6 7.2* 7.5* - - - - - -
Load cell
Pressure gauge
M8 8 - 10.3* 11.9** - - - - -
Hydraulic cylinder
M10 10 - 12.7* 15.0** 18.0** - - - -
Bridge
M12 12 - 14.5* 18.5** 22.4** 28.6** - - -
Coupler
Displacement M16 16 - - 22.4** 25.3** 30.5** 36.0** - -
sensor
M20 20 - - - - 37.1** 44.4** 49.7** -
M24 24 - - - - - - 65.8** 74.8**
Test anchor

Average Ultimate Shear Loads, Vu (kN)

HPK Wedge Drill-Hole
Anchor Size Diameter Embedment Depth, hef
Failure modes
d do, mm 35 mm 45 mm 55 mm 65 mm 75 mm 90 mm 110 mm 130 mm
*Pull-out failure
**Concrete cone failure M6 6 7.3# 7.9## - - - - - -
#
Lateral concrete cone failure # #
##
M8 8 - 12.0 14.9 - - - - -
Steel failure
M10 10 - - 18.8# 27.3# - - - -
All tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM
E-488-96 “Standard Test Methods for Strength of M12 12 - - 22.5 #
31.4 #
32.8 #
- - -
Anchors in Concrete and Masonry Elements” in
25 N/mm2 unreinforced concrete. Concrete M16 16 - - - - 45.9# 55.3# - -
strength, edge effect and rebar location, if any, M20 20 - - - - - 67.4# 66.0# -
will affect anchorage performance.
#
M24 24 - - - - - - 75.3 89.1#

A6-2
SAFE WORKING LOADS CALCULATION EXAMPLE
Check the load carrying capacity of the 4 nos of
Table 1. ULTIMATE AND SAFE WORKING LOADS for HPK Wedge Anchors
M16 x 140 Tenn HPK Wedge Anchors used in the
Concrete grade: C20/25 following attachment:
Drill- Effective Minimum Critical
Anchor Hole Embedment Concrete Critical Edge Ultimate Loads Safe Working Loads
Size Diameter Depth Thickness Spacing Distance 100
Tension Shear Tension Shear
12 kN
d do, mm hef, mm h, mm scr, mm ccr, mm Nu, kN Vu, kN Nrec, kN Vrec, kN
130 160 130
M6 6 35 75 90 70 7.2 7.3 1.8 2.1
M8 8 45 90 115 90 10.3 12 2.6 3.1
M10 10 55 100 140 110 15 18.8 3.8 4.7 195

M12 12 65 120 165 130 22.4 31.4 5.6 7.9

M16 16 90 150 225 180 36 55.3 10.4 13.8 30

M20 20 110 180 275 220 49.7 66 12.4 16.5

M24 24 130 200 325 260 74.8 89.1 18.7 22.3
Given:
Concrete : Uncracked concrete, compres-
Table 2. LOAD REDUCTION FACTORS sive strength 30 N/mm2
Load Reduction Factors for Reduced Centre-to-Centre Spacing
– Tension and Shear Loading scr ccr Concrete thickness : 250 mm
Anchor Size Thickness of attachment : 12 mm
M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 M24
d Embedment depth : 90 mm
hef
Critical Spacing
scr, mm 90 115 140 165 225 275 325 Design loads:
h
scr = 2.5hef smin = 1.75hef 1. A tension load of 3.1 kN is applied on each bolt on
Min. Spacing ccr = 2.0hef cmin = 1.0hef
smin, mm 60 80 95 115 160 195 230 top row.
2. Shear load of 3.0 kN is applied on each of the four bolts.
Actual Spacing Reduction Factors s
s, mm for reduced centre-to centre spacing • Critical spacing scr
The least centre-to-centre spacing at which Pre-adjusted safe working loads (Table 1):
60 0.70
80 0.90 0.70
the loads listed in Table 1 are applicable. If the Tension : 10.4 kN
spacing is less than scr the anchor’s safe working Shear : 13.8 kN
90 1.00 0.79
95 0.83 0.70 load must be adjusted downwards. See Table 2.
115 1.00 0.83 0.70
Spacing and edge distance criteria:
130 0.93 0.79
• Minimum spacing smin Critical spacing scr = 225 mm
140 1.00 0.85 The minimum centre-to-centre spacing allowed. Minimum spacing smin = 160 mm
160 0.97 0.70 Critical edge distance ccr = 180 mm
165 1.00 0.72
• Critical edge distance ccr Minimum edge cmin = 90 mm
195 0.86 0.70 The least edge distance at which the loads listed
225 1.00 0.81 in Table 1 are applicable. If the edge distance Load reduction factors:
230 0.83 0.70 is less than ccr, the anchor’s safe working load Each top anchor is affected by proximity to two anchors
275 1.00 0.84 must be adjusted downwards. See Table 3. and one edge. (Spacing effects of anchors on the diagonal
325 1.00 can be ignored.) Therefore safe working loads have to be
• Minimum edge distance cmin adjusted using load reduction factors.
The minimum anchor-to-edge distance allowed.
Table 3. Reduction factors
Load Reduction Factors for Reduced Edge Distances • Group effect
– Tension and Shear Loading
Tensile Shear
In this drawing, Anchor #4 is the most un- Actual spacing s1 = 160 mm 0.70 0.70
Anchor Size favourably placed anchor in the group because Actual spacing s2 = 195 mm 0.86 0.86
d M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 M24 Actual edge distance c = 130 mm 0.83 0.83
it is close to two
Critical Edge Dist.
1
2 edges and two
70 90 110 130 180 220 260 s2 CALCULATION:
ccr, mm
4 other anchors.
c2 3
Min. Edge Dist. It attracts two Reduced safe working tension load = SWL* s1* s2* c
35 45 55 65 90 110 130 = 9.0*0.70*0.86*0.83
cmin, mm spacing and two
= 4.5 kN (O.K.)
Actual Edge Dist. Reduction Factors c edge reduction
c, mm for reduced edge distance c1
s1 factors if the Reduced safe working shear load = SWL* s1* s2* c
35 0.70 critical spacing = 13.8*0.70*0.86*0.83
45 0.79 0.70 and critical edge distance criteria are not met. = 6.9 kN (O.K.)
55 0.87 0.77 0.70
65 0.96 0.83 0.75 0.70 Group capacity. The capacity of a group of Check combined shear and tension interaction:
70 1.00 0.87 0.78 0.72 anchors shall be the capacity of the most
80 0.93 0.84 0.77 unfavourably placed anchor in the group
90 1.00 0.89 0.82 0.70 multiplied by the number of anchors in the Tension
110 1.00 0.91 0.77 0.70 group.
120 0.95 0.80 0.72 Combined Shear
130 1.00 0.83 0.75 0.70 • Combined Tension-Shear Loading Shear + Tension
180 1.00 0.89 0.82 If the anchor is loaded in both tension and
220 1.00 0.91 shear, the combined load must satisfy the Applied tension load Applied shear load
+ 1.4
240 0.95 Safe working tension load Safe working shear load
following equation:
260 1.00
Actual tension load Actual shear load 3.1 3.0
+ 1.4 = + = 1.1 (<1.4) Therefore, OK.
Safe working tension load Safe working shear load 4.5 6.9

A6-3
WHAT IS HOT DIP GALVANIZING (HD
(HDG)?
DG)? pprotection.
rotection. B Because
ecause zinc iiss a more anodic, less Chemical Resistance Hot Dip Galvanized Steel
Visually identifiable by its characteristic spangle
gle nnoble
oble metal than steel, itt pr protects
r the steel by
Material Resistance
pattern, HDG is accomplished by immersing iron ssacrifi
acrificing its
itself
self slowly by ggalvanic
alv action to protect
the base steel. This sacrifici cial action continues as concrete (wet) good#
and steel articles in a tub of molten zinc.
long as any zinc remains. If small discontinuities plastery water fair
A metallurgical reaction occur on the coating (up to widths of 1.5 to 2 mm), sulphite water poor
between iron and zinc phosphor solutions good
the steel remains protected by an electrochemical
at high temperatures action called “cathodic bridging”. The zinc provides ammonia poor
(about 460°C), creates sacrificial protection and the breaks on the coating brine good
three distinct zinc-iron calcium chloride solutions good
are covered by zinc salts. An example of this
alloy layers and usually soap solutions good
action is demonstrated with the threads of hot-dip weedkillers good
an outer layer of pure galvanized nuts, which are tapped after galvanizing.
Spangled surface of a hot-dip petrol good
galvanized highway guardrail zinc on the metal The zinc layer on the bolt thread completely takes fuel oils moderate
surface. over the protection of the uncoated nut thread. benzene/toluene/xylene good*
After withdrawal from the galvanizing tub, bolt Bimetallic corrosion. This is an accelerated form solvent- and heavy naphtas good*
products are centrifuged (spun) to fling off excess of galvanic corrosion where one metal eats away methanol and ethanol poor
zinc so as to obtain clean and smooth threads. another. It occurs when two different metals are glycerol good*
in direct contact and submerged in an electrolyte, chloride hydrocarbons good*
organic ester compounds fair*
which can be water containing salt or acid. A
ATMOSPHERE substituted phenols good*
galvanic cell is thus set up in which the relatively amino compounds good*
less noble metal forms the anode and dissolves liquid glucoce good
OXYGEN WATER CARBON
(corrodes), whilst the relatively more noble metal sulphonates good
DIOXIDE forms the cathode and is protected (does not synthetic-resin lacquer solutions good
corrode). leather, bituminous materials good**
100% ZINC
ZINC SALTS
3. ETA LAYER A determinant of the speed and severity of galvanic #excellent when dry **only when free of acid
2. attack is the relative sizes of the surfaces in contact. *only when free of water
ZINC-IRON
1. ALLOY The size of the cathodic area should be much
LAYERS smaller that of the anodic area. Where HDG steel
is coupled with a metal more cathodic than itself, HOLE CLEANING EQUIPMENT
e.g. stainless steel, the HDG steel should have a
BASE STEEL
larger surface area than the more cathodic metal.
1. Gamma - 75% Zn 25% Fe
2. Delta - 90% Zn 10% Fe
Hydrogen embrittlement. This is a phenomenon
3. Zeta - 94% Zn 6% Fe in which steel bolts lose their ductility and rupture
suddenly while in service.
Cathodic protection of hot-dip galvanized steel
It may occur as a result of the diffusion of hydrogen
When exposed to the atmosphere, the zinc reacts gas into the microstructure of the steel during
with oxygen and carbon dioxide to form a layer of the manufacturing stages, e.g. the acid cleaning
zinc carbonate called the “zinc patina”. This fairly process that takes place prior to galvanizing creates
strong material prevents further corrosion in most a hydrogen rich environment. After galvanizing
atmospheres. The corrosion resistance of the alloy and a change of environment, the hydrogen cannot
layers is equal to or better than that of pure zinc, diffuse out of the steel as the HDG coating is non-
while their resistance to abrasion damage is much porous.
higher. Most at risk of hydrogen embrittlement are Blow-out Pump
The adherence or bond strength of the HDG coating high strength steels and steels hardened to
to the underlying steel is in the order of several high strength levels. According to the National
thousand pounds per square inch (psi) while the Physical Laboratory (USA), in their Guide to
bond strength of other coatings and platings is Good Practice in Corrosion Control, “....hydrogen
Stainless Steel Bristle Brushes
only several hundred psi at the most. embrittlement is unlikely for modern steels with
HDG’s hardness, ductility and adherence combine yield strengths below 600 MPa, and is likely to
to provide it with unmatched protection against become a major problem above 1000 MPa.”
abrasion damage caused by rough handling during Duplex systems. A duplex system is commonly
transportation to and at the job site, as well as in used in very aggressive environments to extend
service. In most urban and rural atmospheres, a corrosion free lifetime or when corrosion protection
HDG coating can last 70 to 150 years without is desired with a specific colour.
maintenance. A duplex system is obtained by powder-coating or
10 x 200 mm - HPK M12
6 x 150 mm - HPK M8

18 x 300 mm - HPK M20

22 x 350 mm - HPK M24

14 x 250 mm - HPK M16
8 x 150 mm - HPK M10

Coating thickness. The minimum coating thick-
ness of HDG at the measuring points is ~40
micrometers.
After hot-dipping, the bolt threads become slightly
oversize. Therefore, according to ISO 10684:
“Fasteners – Hot-dip Galvanized Coatings,” the
nuts are tapped with slightly larger threads (by
about 0.3 mm), after galvanizing, in order to
achieve the proper bolt/nut thread function.
Corrosion protection. HDG protects against
corrosion in two ways: 1) By barrier protection.
The zinc-iron layers completely cover the steel and
seal out the corrosive environment. 2) By cathodic
© 2011 TENN HOLDINGS SDN. BHD. (341107-M)
simply applying paint on steel that has been hot-dip
galvanized. When a suitable paint and galvanized
steel are used together, the corrosion protection is
superior to either protection system used alone.
Tests have shown that a duplex system can last
from 1.5 to 2.5 times the normal combined lifetimes
of both the HDG and the paint system.
Chemical corrosion. Zinc is not resistant to strong
acids and strong caustics. It must not be exposed
to solutions with a pH value of less than 6 and
greater than 12.5.
The most favourable application range lies between
pH values of 8 and 11.
110913

A6-4
Concrete Anchors

TENN SPK Wedge Anchors Austenitic Stainless Steel

Torque-Controlled Expansion Anchors

Bolt Material Properties INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

SPK Wedge Anchors are set by torque and are Ultimate Min. a. b.
suitable for either preset or through-fix installation. Tensile Yield
Material Strength Stress
The SPK expanding collar is specifically designed to
give controlled expansion within the base material for ft, N/mm2 fy, N/mm2
high pull-out performance. Stainless steel
Grade 304 (A2)
DESCRIPTION ≤M16 700 450
c. d.
Tenn SPK Wedge Anchor is a stud bolt with a tapered ≥M20 500 250
mandrel around which an expansion collar is fitted. Grade 316 (A4)
A hexagon nut and a washer are pre-assembled on ≤M16 700 450
the threaded end of the bolt. ≥M20 500 250

The anchor is placed in a hole drilled in hardened Bolt Strengths

concrete. When the nut is tightened, the bolt’s tapered
Anchor Stress Minimum Loads
end is drawn into the expansion collar, forcing it to e. f.
expand outwards to grip the sides of the hole. Size Area Tension Shear
d As, mm2 kN kN
SPK Wedge Anchors are available in Grade 304
M6 20.1 14.1 8.5
and Grade 316 austenitic stainless steel. A non-
M8 36.6 25.6 15.4
conductive isolating washer should be placed M10 58 40.6 24.4
between the stainless steel washer and the baseplate M12 84.3 59 35.4
to prevent crevice corrosion and rust staining – see M16 157 109.9 65.9 a. Drill hole to correct diameter and depth.
b. Blow out dust. c. Brush sides of hole.
picture above. M20 245 171.5 102.9
d. Blow out dust. e. Tap in anchor.
M24 353 176.5 105.9 f. Apply tightening torque.
INSTALLATION DATA
Maximum Drill- Minimum Max. Clearance
Tinst Grade 304 Grade 316 Anchor Anchor Attachment Hole Drill-Hole Tightening Torque Wrench Hole
Product ID Product ID Size Length Thickness Diameter Depth Size Diameter
d l, mm tfix, mm do, mm ho, mm Tinst, Nm Tinst, ft.lb. SW, mm D2, mm
SW
SPK.06055.A2 SPK.06055.A4 M6 55 10 6 55 5 3.6 10 8
d SPK.06085.A2 SPK.06085.A4 M6 85 40 6 55 5 3.6 10 8
SPK.08075.A2 SPK.08075.A4 M8 75 25 8 55 12 8.7 13 10
tfix
SPK.08110.A2 SPK.08110.A4 M8 110 60 8 55 12 8.7 13 10
D2
SPK.10070.A2 SPK.10070.A4 M10 70 35 10 65 23 16.9 17 12
SPK.10090.A2 SPK.10090.A4 M10 90 55 10 65 23 16.9 17 12
l SPK.10130.A2 SPK.10130.A4 M10 130 95 10 65 23 16.9 17 12
SPK.10150.A2 SPK.10150.A4 M10 150 115 10 65 23 16.9 17 12
hef
ho SPK.12080.A2 SPK.12080.A4 M12 80 30 12 70 40 29.2 19 14
SPK.12100.A2 SPK.12100.A4 M12 100 50 12 70 40 29.2 19 14
SPK.12120.A2 SPK.12120.A4 M12 120 70 12 70 40 29.2 19 14
SPK.12130.A2 SPK.12130.A4 M12 130 80 12 70 40 29.2 19 14
SPK.16100.A2 SPK.16100.A4 M16 100 12 16 80 98 72.2 24 18
SPK.16140.A2 SPK.16140.A4 M16 140 50 16 80 98 72.2 24 18
SPK.16180.A2 SPK.16180.A4 M16 180 90 16 80 98 72.2 24 18
do SPK.20160.A2 SPK.20160.A4 M20 160 60 20 100 191 140.6 30 22
SPK.24180.A2 SPK.24180.A4 M24 180 45 24 135 331 244 36 26

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STAINLESS STEELS
Iron-base alloys with a chromium content of at magnetic and having excellent resistance to 8% and are referred to as “18/8” stainless steels.
least 10.5% by weight are classified as stainless oxidation corrosion. They cannot be hardened by With the addition of molybdenum and more nickel,
steel. Such steels have high resistance to oxidation heat-treatment but can be significantly hardened the steel is called “18/10/3”, or Grade 316, and
(rusting). by cold working. Types 302, 303, 304 and 305 has enhanced resistance to corrosion in certain
When exposed to oxygen in the air, stainless austenitic grades have a minimum chromium environments.
steels spontaneously develop thin, invisible films content of 18% and a minimum nickel content of
of chrome oxide on their surface. The films are
impervious to air and water, protecting the metal Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel, % weight
from further oxidation. They also self-repair; if Element C Mn P S Si Cr Ni Mo Cu
damaged, new films will immediately form. Alloy (Carbon) (Manganese) (Phosphorus) (Sulphur) (Silicon) (Chromium) (Nickel) (Molybdenum) (Copper)

There are over 200 categories of stainless steel. 302 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.00 9.00 - -
The standard compositions are identified by AISI 303 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.15 1.00 18.00 9.00 0.60 -
200, 300 or 400 series numbers. Types 302, 304,
304 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.00 9.25 - -
305 and 316 are the most frequently used in the
construction industry. The terms austenitic, ferritic, 304L 0.03 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.00 10.00 - -
martensitic are used to classify the steels according 305 0.12 2.00 0.030 0.750 0.04 18.00 12.00 - -
to their metallurgical structure. 316 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.00 13.00 3.00 -
Austenitic stainless steels (AISI 200 & 300 410 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 12.50 - - -
Series). They are characterized as being non- 904L 0.02 2.00 0.045 0.035 1.00 21.00 25.50 4.50 1.5

LOAD – DISPLACEMENT GRAPHS

Graphs 1 & 2 show typical direct pull-out load versus displacement in 25 N/mm2 concrete. Graph 3 shows typical 90° shear load versus displacement in
25 N/mm2 concrete.
Graph 1 Graph 2 Graph 3
25 50 120 M24
M12
M24
M10 100
20 40 M20
M8
80
M20
15
LOAD kN

30
LOAD kN

LOAD kN

60
M16
M16
10 20
40 M12
M10
5 10 20 M8

0 0 0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
DISPLACEMENT mm DISPLACEMENT mm DISPLACEMENT mm

ULTIMATE AND SAFE WORKING LOADS for SPK Wedge Anchors

Concrete grade: C20/25
Combined Tension and Shear Loading
Drill- Effective Minimum Critical
Anchor Hole Embedment Concrete Critical Edge Ultimate Loads Safe Working Loads
Size Diameter Depth Thickness Spacing Distance Tension Shear Tension Shear
d do, mm hef, mm h, mm scr, mm ccr, mm Nu, kN Vu, kN Nrec, kN Vrec, kN Tension

M6 6 35 75 90 70 7.2 7.3 1.8 2.1 hef

Combined Shear
+ Tension
M8 8 45 90 115 90 10.3 12 2.6 3.1 Shear
M10 10 55 100 140 110 15 18.8 3.8 4.7
For an anchor loaded in both tension and shear, the
M12 12 65 120 165 130 22.4 31.4 5.6 7.9 resulting combined load must satisfy the following
M16 16 90 150 225 180 36 55.3 10.4 13.8 equation:

M20 20 110 180 275 220 49.7 66 12.4 16.5 Actual tension load
+
Actual shear load
1.4
Safe working tension load Safe working shear load
M24 24 130 200 325 260 74.8 89.1 18.7 22.3
1. Critical Spacing scr is the least centre-to-centre spacing to achieve the safe working loads listed above.
2. Critical Edge Distance ccr is the least anchor-to-edge distance to achieve the safe working loads listed above.
3. Min. Spacing smin and Min. Edge Distance cmin are the absolute minimum spacing and edge distance allowed.
4. Safe working loads for anchors with centre-to-centre spacing less than scr or anchor-to-edge distance less than ccr should
be reduced by a percentage corresponding to the percentage of reduction in critical spacing and critical edge distance. It
may be necessary to apply more than one reduction factor to the anchor’s safe working load if the anchor is unfavourably
affected by more than one edge distance or close spacing.

© 2011 TENN HOLDINGS SDN. BHD. (341107-M) 110913

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