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Online Job Portal for Employers and

Job seekers

A Dissertation Submitted toSchool of Computer Science


In Partial Fulfillment of theRequirement of the Degree of
Bachelor inComputer Science

Under the Supervision of


DR. ABDUL HYEE
Deputy Director (ERP), FESCO.

By
Rida Zaheer
Registration No.121231758
Email:RidaZaheer@gmail.com

National College of Business Administration and Economics


40/E-1, Gulberg III, Lahore-54660, Pakistan

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Online Job Portal for Employers and
Job seekers

A Dissertation Submitted to
School of Computer Science

In Partial Fulfillment of the


Requirement of the Degree of
BS (Computer Science)

By
Rida Zaheer
Registration No.121231758

Under the Supervision of


DR. ABDUL HYEE
Deputy Director (ERP), FESCO.

National College of Business Administration and Economics


40/E-1, Gulberg III, Lahore-54660, Pakistan

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the contents of the thesis “Online Job Portal for Employers andJob
seekers” is research based and no part has been copied from any published source (except the
references, some standard mathematical or genetic models/equations/protocols etc.). I further
declare that this work has not been submitted for the award of any other diploma/degree. The
University may take action if the above statement is found inaccurate at any stage.

__________________________
Name: Rida Zaheer

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To,
The Controller of Examinations,
Chenab College of Advanced Studies, Faisalabad

We, the supervisory committee, certify that the contents and form of thesis submitted by
Rida Zaheer have been found satisfactory and recommend that it be processed for evaluation by
the external examiner(s) for the award of the degree.

Supervisory Committee

1. Supervisor :_______________________________
(Dr. Abdul Hyee)

2. Member :_______________________________

3. Member :_______________________________

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DEDICATED
TO
The Holy Prophet Hazrat

MUHAMMAD
Peace Be Upon Him
He is the greatest Teacher of the World

&
My Loving & Caring Parents
Who prised every moment of my life with and untiring sustenance. Whose affection, love, encouragement
and prayers of day and night make me able to get such success and honour to accomplish this task.

My Respectable Teacher
Who is always with me and guided me with love and gratitude

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I would like to thank “ALLAH Almighty” the Merciful, the Creator of mind; who blessed me
with the knowledge and granted me the courage and ability to complete this documentation successfully.
Thanks to my parents, who cherished every moment of my life with support. Their hands always rose for
me in their prayers.

I deeply appreciate the efforts of my supervisor, Dr. Abdul Hyee who helped me a lot. Despite the
pressure of work he spent time to listen and assist and offered guidance. He knew where to look for the
answers to obstacles while leading me to the right source, theory and perspective. He was always
available for my questions and he was positive and gave generously of his time and vast knowledge.
Without his guidance I would not have been able to accomplish this task.

Rida Zaheer

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Abstract

This paper presents the design and implementation of Online Job Portal.The importance of placement
system is increasing day by day. Thousands of applicants are depending placement cell. But the
applicants are facing so many problems. This project is an attempt to minimize the problems of an
applicant to find a correct job. The job seekers can put their whole details and they can view, which helps
them to modify. Through this they can edit their qualification. They can apply to their needed post.The
job providers can give the details clearly of their need. They can post the matched candidates for their
company through this job portal. The user can modify or edit their details and needs.This module
provides functionalities for job seekers. Applicants can upload their resumes with personal and
professional details. They can also update the resume as frequently as required. The applicant can also
browse through the present vacancies available and apply on those vacancies as per there need. They can
also update their info and CV’s in a user friendly interface.This module provides functionalities related to
employers. Employers can update their profile info any time. Employers can post vacancy details and get
applied user’s info on their account options. Employer do not need to pay any amount to the site
administration for posting their jobs on the site because it free of cost.

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Contents
Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. 1
1. Chapter No 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 14
1.1. Introduction to IT: ..................................................................................................................... 14
1.1.1. Computer Systems Analyst ................................................................................................ 15
1.1.2. Cloud Specialist .................................................................................................................. 15
1.1.3. Computer Forensic Investigator ......................................................................................... 15
1.1.4. Health IT Specialist ............................................................................................................ 16
1.1.5. Database Administrator ...................................................................................................... 16
1.1.6. Web Developer ................................................................................................................... 16
1.1.7. IT Manager ......................................................................................................................... 16
1.1.8. Information Technology Vendor Manager ......................................................................... 16
1.1.9. Computer Systems Administrator ...................................................................................... 16
1.1.10. Mobile Application Developer ......................................................................................... 16
1.2. Introduction to Online Job Portal: ............................................................................................. 16
1.3.Problem Statement: .................................................................................................................... 17
1.4. Scope of project: ........................................................................................................................ 17
1.5. Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations: .............................................................................. 17
1.6. Overall Description: .................................................................................................................. 18
1.7. Objectives: ................................................................................................................................. 18
1.8. Background of Job portal: ......................................................................................................... 18
1.9. Existing System: ........................................................................................................................ 19
1.9.1.Disadvantages: ......................................................................................................................... 19
1.10. Proposed System: .................................................................................................................... 19
1.10.1. Advantages: .......................................................................................................................... 20
2. Chapter No 2: SYSTEM COMPONENT ..................................................................................... 21
System Architecture: ........................................................................................................................ 21
2.1.Feasibility studies: ...................................................................................................................... 21
2.2. Technical Feasibility: ................................................................................................................ 22
2.3. Operational feasibility: .............................................................................................................. 22
2.4. Economic Feasibility: ................................................................................................................ 22
2.5. System Requirements: ............................................................................................................... 22
2.5.1. Hardware Requirements ..................................................................................................... 22
2.5.2. Software Requirements....................................................................................................... 23
2.5.3. Hardware Specifications: .................................................................................................... 23
2.5.4. Display Card: ...................................................................................................................... 23
2.5.5. Software Specifications ...................................................................................................... 23

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2.6. Functional Requirements: .......................................................................................................... 23
2.6.1 Modules: .............................................................................................................................. 23
2.6.2. Characteristics: ................................................................................................................... 24
2.6.3. Constraints: ......................................................................................................................... 24
2.7. Non-Functional Requirements:.................................................................................................. 24
2.7.1. Security: .............................................................................................................................. 24
2.7.2. Safety: ................................................................................................................................. 24
2.7.3. Performance:....................................................................................................................... 24
2.8. ANALYSIS MODEL: ............................................................................................................... 24
2.9. STUDY OF THE SYSTEM ...................................................................................................... 25
2.9.1. GUI’S: ................................................................................................................................ 25
2.10. NUMBER OF MODULES:..................................................................................................... 25
2.10.1. Job Seeker:........................................................................................................................ 26
2.10.2. Job provider: ..................................................................................................................... 26
2.10.3. Administrator:................................................................................................................... 26
2.11. INPUT AND OUTPUT: .......................................................................................................... 26
2.11.1 INPUTS: ............................................................................................................................ 26
2.11.1 OUTPUTS: ........................................................................................................................ 26
2.12. UML Diagrams:....................................................................................................................... 26
2.12.1. Types of UML Diagrams .................................................................................................. 27
UML defines 13 types of diagrams: ............................................................................................. 27
UML Class Diagrams ....................................................................................................................... 27
UML Package Diagrams .................................................................................................................. 27
UML Object Diagrams ..................................................................................................................... 27
UML Use Case Diagrams ................................................................................................................. 27
UML Sequence Diagrams ................................................................................................................ 27
UML Collaboration Diagrams .......................................................................................................... 28
UML Activity Diagrams................................................................................................................... 28
UML Component Diagrams ............................................................................................................. 28
UML Deployment Diagrams ............................................................................................................ 28
UML State Machine Diagrams ......................................................................................................... 28
UML Timing Diagrams .................................................................................................................... 29
UML Interaction Overview Diagrams .............................................................................................. 29
UML Composite Structure Diagrams ............................................................................................... 29
2.12.1. Use case diagram: ............................................................................................................. 29
Purpose ......................................................................................................................................... 29
How to draw Use Case Diagram?................................................................................................. 30
2.12.2.Class Diagram: .................................................................................................................. 32

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The class diagram is a static diagram. It represents the static view of an application. Class diagram is not only
used for visualizing, describing and documenting different aspects of a system but also for constructing
executable code of the software application. ................................................................................ 32
Purpose: ........................................................................................................................................ 32
How to draw Class Diagram? ....................................................................................................... 32
2.12.3. Sequence Diagrams: ......................................................................................................... 34
The Sequence Diagram models the collaboration of objects based on a time sequence. It shows how the
objects interact with others in a particular scenario of a use case. With the advanced visual modeling
capability, you can create complex sequence diagram in few clicks. Besides, Visual Paradigm can generate
sequence diagram from the flow of events which you have defined in the use case description. 34
Targets: ......................................................................................................................................... 34
2.12.4. ER Diagram: ..................................................................................................................... 37
2.12.5 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM:............................................................................................... 37
2.12.6 CONTROL FLOW DIAGRAM: ....................................................................................... 41
2.13. Specific Requirements: ............................................................................................................ 42
2.13.1. Use case Reports:.............................................................................................................. 42
2.13.2. Supplementary Requirements: .......................................................................................... 42
Licensing Requirements ................................................................................................................... 42
Legal, Copyright, and Other Notices ................................................................................................ 42
Applicable Standards ........................................................................................................................ 42
2.14. Why testing is done? ............................................................................................................... 42
2.14.1.Causes of Errors................................................................................................................. 42
2.14.2. Testing Principles: ............................................................................................................ 43
2.14.3.Testing Objectives: ............................................................................................................ 43
2.14.4.Kinds of Testing ................................................................................................................ 43
2.15. DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS ................................................................................................... 44
2.15.1. DFD SYMBOLS: ............................................................................................................. 45
2.15.2. CONSTRUCTING A DFD: ............................................................................................. 45
2.15.3. SAILENT FEATURES OF DFD’S ...................................................................................... 46
CURRENT PHYSICAL: .............................................................................................................. 46
CURRENT LOGICAL: ................................................................................................................ 46
NEW LOGICAL: ......................................................................................................................... 46
NEW PHYSICAL: ....................................................................................................................... 46
DATA STORE ............................................................................................................................. 46
SOURCE OR SINK ..................................................................................................................... 47
DATA FLOW ............................................................................................................................... 47
1st Level DFD’s ........................................................................................................................... 47
DFD for New Job Seeker Creation ............................................................................................... 47
DFD For New Job Seeker Creation .................................................................................................. 48
DFD For New Job Search Creation .................................................................................................. 48
2nd Level DFD’s .......................................................................................................................... 50
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DFD For New Recruitment Creation................................................................................................ 50
3rd Level DFD’S .......................................................................................................................... 51
DFD For New Recruitment Creation................................................................................................ 51
2.15. Screen Shoots: ......................................................................................................................... 52
Home: ........................................................................................................................................... 52
Browse Jobs: ................................................................................................................................. 53
About Us:...................................................................................................................................... 54
Contact Us: ................................................................................................................................... 55
Login: ........................................................................................................................................... 56
Employee Signup: ........................................................................................................................ 56
Employer Signup: ......................................................................................................................... 57
Job Details: ................................................................................................................................... 57
Employee Profile: ......................................................................................................................... 58
Employee Applied Jobs: ............................................................................................................... 59
Employee Chang Password: ......................................................................................................... 60
Employer Profile: ......................................................................................................................... 61
Employer Jobs which they Posted: ............................................................................................... 62
User Applied on Jobs :.................................................................................................................. 63
Add A New Job: ........................................................................................................................... 64
Change Password for Employer: .................................................................................................. 65
Admin Dashboard:........................................................................................................................ 65
Change Password for Admin: ....................................................................................................... 66
Categories Page: ........................................................................................................................... 66
Manage Users Page: ..................................................................................................................... 67
Pending for Approval Page: ......................................................................................................... 67
Approved Posts Page: ................................................................................................................... 68
3. Chapter No 3: PROJRCT ENVIRONMENT OR ARGUMENTS ............................................... 69
3.1. What is HTML? ......................................................................................................................... 69
HTML5:........................................................................................................................................ 69
3.2. What is CSS? ............................................................................................................................. 69
3.3. What is Javascript? .................................................................................................................... 70
How does JavaScipt work? ........................................................................................................... 70
3.4. What is PHP?............................................................................................................................. 71
3.5. What is MySQL? ....................................................................................................................... 71
3.6. What is Xampp? ........................................................................................................................ 72
Our Team: ..................................................................................................................................... 72
Founders: ...................................................................................................................................... 72
Current Maintainers: ..................................................................................................................... 73
Past Advisors: ............................................................................................................................... 73

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Translations: ................................................................................................................................. 73
Security:........................................................................................................................................ 73
Support & QA: ............................................................................................................................. 73
Retired: ......................................................................................................................................... 74
The License .................................................................................................................................. 74
Warranty: ...................................................................................................................................... 74
Trademarks: .................................................................................................................................. 74
3.7. What is Dreamweaver? .............................................................................................................. 74
Simplifying web design: ............................................................................................................... 75
Ways Dreamweaver can help: ...................................................................................................... 75
3.8. What is Bootstrap? .................................................................................................................... 76
What is Responsive Web Design? ................................................................................................ 76
Bootstrap History.......................................................................................................................... 76
Why Use Bootstrap? ..................................................................................................................... 76
3.9. What is jQuery? ......................................................................................................................... 77
How to use jQuery? ...................................................................................................................... 77
3.10. What is Microsoft Windows? .................................................................................................. 78
4. Chapter No: 4 CONCLUSION & SUMMARY ........................................................................... 80
4.1. Conclusion: ................................................................................................................................ 80
BENEFITS: .................................................................................................................................. 80
LIMITATIONS: ........................................................................................................................... 81
4.3. References ................................................................................................................................. 82
4.4. URL’s: ....................................................................................................................................... 82
UML Diagram: ............................................................................................................................. 82
Waterfall Model: .......................................................................................................................... 82
Related Sites: ................................................................................................................................ 82
HTML:.......................................................................................................................................... 82
CSS: .............................................................................................................................................. 82
Javascript: ..................................................................................................................................... 82
PHP:.............................................................................................................................................. 82
MySQL: ........................................................................................................................................ 82
Xampp: ......................................................................................................................................... 82
Dreamweaver:............................................................................................................................... 82
Bootstrap: ..................................................................................................................................... 82

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1. Chapter No 1:INTRODUCTION

This chapter covers the brief, scope, objective, Problem Background, problem statement, Existing
and Proposed solution of Online Job Portal System.
1. Introduction
2. Scope of Project
3. Problem Statement
4. Proposed System (Software Architecture)
5. Functional Requirements
6. Non-Functional Requirements

1.1. Introduction to IT:

Information Technology covers a broad spectrum of hardware and software solutions that enable
organizations to gather, organize, and analyze data that helps them achieve their goals. It also details
technology-based workflow processes that expand the capacity of an organization to deliver services that
generate revenue. The four main focuses of IT personnel are business computer network and database
management, information security, business software development, and computer tech support.
For a guide on tech fundamentals, check out some basics on cables and connectors and what and
how of computer networking here.
As the IT industry evolves to meet the technology demands of today’s workplace, different
challenges are arising and IT professionals are striving to meet them. Network security is by far the
greatest concern for many companies and they rely on their IT staff to prevent or stop these system
breaches. Read more about the basics of computer security here. Data overload is becoming an
increasingly important issue since many businesses are processing large amounts of data on a daily basis,
with many of them not have the processing power to do so. Last, but not least, two of the most essential
skills needed from IT professionals are teamwork and communication skills. Systems are complex and
people are needed to help translate that task. Therefore, IT professionals are the ones responsible for
helping others get their work done efficiently without the complex jargon of the technology world.
Let’s talk about careers for a moment. Employment for information technology and related
services are projected to grow rapidly over the next decade, outpacing similar professional, scientific, and
technical industries, as well as the economy as a whole. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS), “output in computer systems design and related services is expected to grow at an average annual
rate of 6.1 percent [between 2010 and 2020], compared with 3.6 percent for the broad industry category—
professional, scientific, and technical services—and 2.9 percent for all industries.” Compared to 2.6
percent for professional, scientific, and technical services and 1.3 percent for all other industries, that’s a
huge demand coming up! Why is this happening?
Because the necessity for information technology is king,Information Technology covers a broad
spectrum of hardware and software solutions that enable organizations to gather, organize, and analyze
data that helps them achieve their goals. It also details technology-based workflow processes that expand
the capacity of an organization to deliver services that generate revenue. The four main focuses of IT
personnel are business computer network and database management, information security, business
software development, and computer tech support.

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For a guide on tech fundamentals, check out some basics on cables and connectors and what and
how of computer networking here.
As the IT industry evolves to meet the technology demands of today’s workplace, different
challenges are arising and IT professionals are striving to meet them. Network security is by far the
greatest concern for many companies and they rely on their IT staff to prevent or stop these system
breaches. Read more about the basics of computer security here. Data overload is becoming an
increasingly important issue since many businesses are processing large amounts of data on a daily basis,
with many of them not have the processing power to do so. Last, but not least, two of the most essential
skills needed from IT professionals are teamwork and communication skills. Systems are complex and
people are needed to help translate that task. Therefore, IT professionals are the ones responsible for
helping others get their work done efficiently without the complex jargon of the technology world.
Let’s talk about careers for a moment. Employment for information technology and related
services are projected to grow rapidly over the next decade, outpacing similar professional, scientific, and
technical industries, as well as the economy as a whole. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS), “output in computer systems design and related services is expected to grow at an average annual
rate of 6.1 percent [between 2010 and 2020], compared with 3.6 percent for the broad industry category—
professional, scientific, and technical services—and 2.9 percent for all industries.” Compared to 2.6
percent for professional, scientific, and technical services and 1.3 percent for all other industries, that’s a
huge demand coming up! Why is this happening?
Because the necessity for information technology is king,with the emerging popularity of the
Cloud technology, many organizations are taking this up as an alternative to actual hardware using up
space. Cloud computing service providers manage IT infrastructure and platforms, and provide businesses
with access to remote data storage and software packages.
Another reason for the rise of IT careers is the need to defend our information systems from
countless attacks. Just in the past few years alone, the BLS reports “there is a 17-fold increase in the
number of cyber-attacks on U.S. infrastructure between 2009 and 2011.”Security companies also have
produced reports that show large increases in security breaches on private businesses in those years as
well.
With the increasing need for IT professionals, this seems to be one of the more stable careers for
the next decade. One of the first steps to becoming an IT professional is to obtain a degree or certification
in computer or management information systems. Learn how to ace your IT exams with this guide. Then
you must decide which field to go into, as there are many in the IT universe.
Here are some of the most popular positions for people interested in Information Technology:

1.1.1. Computer Systems Analyst


In this position, analysts design and develop computer systems and are an expert at every facet of
hardware, software and networks. Analysts also evaluate the systems and research the industry for better
products to enhance their existing system.

1.1.2. Cloud Specialist


Cloud specialists organize and give configuration to the information infrastructure in the sky.
Because this is still an emerging technology, these architects are highly sought after and one of the top-
paying professions in the industry.

1.1.3. Computer Forensic Investigator


These investigators are computer crime detectives that search for, identify, and evaluate
information from computer systems.
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1.1.4. Health IT Specialist
Health IT is booming, especially with Affordable Care Act coming on and transition from paper to
electronic health records. Health IT specialists will mix computer knowledge will record-keeping skills,
medical coding, and billing.

1.1.5. Database Administrator


Database administrators create, upgrade, and test for databases.

1.1.6. Web Developer


Web developers are in high demand because they have a great understanding of what makes a
good operating system. They create web pages, web applications and web content with their knowledge
of what the average surfer finds visually stimulating and how to optimize sites for mobile tech, among
numerous other skills.

1.1.7. IT Manager
These managers are the contact pros when your email won’t send or Microsoft Word doesn’t
open. As the head of the IT department, they ensure that a company’s network is operating smoothly and
that dangerous threats like malware are minimized.

1.1.8. Information Technology Vendor Manager


Slightly more hands-off compared to some tech positions, vendor managers oversee supply when
it comes to software and hardware. This can mean anything from Microsoft’s latest word processor to
health IT programs for hospitals.

1.1.9. Computer Systems Administrator


The expertise of network and computer systems administrators is essential to every office. Aside
from maintaining a healthy computer network, they also lend their tech knowledge to managing
telecommunication networks. This profession is expected to add 96,600 new positions by 2020!

1.1.10. Mobile Application Developer


Because of our highly-mobile lifestyle, mobile application developers are and will be in high
demand for years to come, especially as mobile devices and technology becomes increasingly
sophisticated. It’s the emerging popularity of the Cloud technology; many organizations are taking this up
as an alternative to actual hardware using up space. Cloud computing service providers manage IT
infrastructure and platforms, and provide businesses with access to remote data storage and software
packages.

1.2. Introduction to Online Job Portal:


This web based portal basically concerned with different job services provided by different
companies.It is also concerned with details of jobseekers.Jobseeker can view the list of different jobs and
can apply for jobsthen the company going to select the required job seekers for their qualification and
update the database.The portal is going to follow different company’s policy their bean admin to manage
all things. In these portal different organizations, institutions etc. display/ advertise jobs according to their
requirements so that the people or job seekers view the different kind of jobs and the further information
about the related organization. Organizations also check the CV’s of job seekers if he/she fulfil the
requirements of the organizations, it hire’s or contact them for the jobs.

With the advancement in the technology, in the world people are trying to get things on the desk
without wasting anytime as nowadays time is the most important thing in the world. Because of
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technology people are trying to get knowledge of their jobs as well. Organizations also have to advertise
about the jobs in newspapers and television which is time consuming.

1.3.Problem Statement:
Problem:
 The old system requires applicants to search through print and visual media for job opportunities.
 Applicants need to apply for jobs using conventional methods and appear for interview on a
specified date at a specified location.
 Employers need to advertise the vacancies and sort all applicant details, conduct selection
procedures and complete the formalities.
 This approach is tedious and requires much effort and resources.

Solution:
 The solution of that problem is “Online Job Portal” where applicants easily find the jobs and
employer can find suitable candidates for the job.
 Simple and professional GUI for users of all qualification groups.
 Increased filtering for employees seeking job as a Fresher Or as an experienced individual.

1.4. Scope of project:


The online job portal that is developed provide jobseekers with different jobs information
like:online applying for jobs search for jobs Supported by well-designed database and web-based design.
A friendly user interface is provided to facilitate different services.
The scope of the online job portal includes:
 The Online job Portal System that is to be developed provides the members with jobs information,
online applying for jobs and many other facilities. The basic scope of the project is given as under.
 Employee/ Job seekers
 Employee/ Job provider
 Admin of company

1.5. Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations:


 Xampp is an acronym for X( any Operating System), Apache(Web server), MySQL Database,
PHP Language and PERLEditor.
 Notepad ++
 HTML 5
 CSS 3
 PHP
 JQuery
 AJAX
 MySql (Backend)

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1.6. Overall Description:
The Online Job Portal System is a package to be used by agencies to improve the efficiency of
business. The Online Job Portal System to be developed benefits greatly the members. The system
provides jobs catalog and information to members and helps them decide on the jobs to apply. The Admin
can keep the jobs catalog updated all the time so that the members (Job seekers and the agencies) get the
updated information all the time. The main users are users: Admin, Members who are the Job seekers and
the agencies.

1.7. Objectives:
Identify the customer’s need. Evaluate the system concept for feasibility. Perform economic and
technical analysis. Allocate functions to hardware, software, people, database and othersystem elements.
Establish cost and schedule constraints. Create a system definition that forms the foundation for all the
subsequent engineering work.
The main objective of this project is to computerize the manual job finding system & reduce the
time consumption. In other words we can say that our project has the following objectives:-
 Make all the job finding process computerize
 Reduce time consumption
 All system managements are automated
 Centralized database management to handle employers and jobseekers
 Easy operations for both employees and employers of the system
 No paper work requirement

1.8. Background of Job portal:


A job search engine is a website that facilitates job hunting. These sites are more commonly
known as job boards and range from large scale generalist boards to niche job boards for categories such
as engineering, legal, insurance, social work, teaching and seasonal jobs. Users can typically deposit their
résumés and submit them to potential employers, while employers can post job ads and search for
potential employees. The category job search engines below are a list of specific search engines with
details about them. A more recent trend in job search engines is the emergence of vertical search or
Metasearch engines, which allows job-seekers to search across multiple websites. Some of these new
search engines primarily index traditional job boards. These sites aim to provide a "one-stop shop" for
job-seekers who don't need to search the underlying job boards. Tensions have recently developed
between the job boards and several scraper sites, with Craigslist recently banning scrapers from its job
classifieds and Monster.com specifically banning scrapers through its recent adoption of a robots
exclusion standard on all its pages while others have embraced them.
Systems design is the process or art of defining the architecture, components, modules,
interfaces,and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. Object-oriented analysis and design
(OOAD)methods are becoming the most widely used methods for computer system design. The UML has
become the standard language used in Object-oriented analysis and design. It is widely used for modeling
software systems and is increasingly used for high designing non-software systems and organizations.
Other job search engines index pages only from employers' websites, choosing to bypass
traditional job boards entirely. These vertical search engines allow job-seekers to find new positions that
may not be advertised on the traditional job boards. There is a close relationship between these search
engines and the emergence of XML based standards in the recruitment industry. Employer review
websites are also used for job searches. They enable job seekers to find and read reviews about
experiences of working for a company or an organization. Although employer review websites may
produce links to potential employers, they do not themselves list vacancies.
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Venture capital and mergers and acquisitions have been active in the job board industry for more
than a decade. Several private equity firms are currently in the process of piecing together large job board
networks and other firms are simply expanding through acquisition.
The success of jobs search engines in bridging the gap between job seekers and employers have
spawned thousands of other job sites, many of which list job opportunities in a specific sector, such as
education, health care, hospital management, academics and even in the non-governmental sector. There
are reportedly more than 40,000 employment websites in existence today, the largest of which are
represented by The International Association of Employment Web Sites, a trade association for the global
online employment services industry.

1.9. Existing System:


“Naukri.com”, “Shine.com”, etc.brought the revolution of transforming traditional way of job search into
technological advancement called “Online job Portal”.

1.9.1.Disadvantages:
No value for money services. You have to compulsorily purchase their subscription posting
packages. Every portal comes with their own alien prices, which usually affect your budget.
 What if you require only less job postings? No pay per use concept.
 Increased unwanted duplication in Job Posts.
 Lack of preferred advance search option.
 Increased Spam mails.

1.10. Proposed System:

 Simple and professional GUI for users of all qualification groups.


 Increased filtering for employees seeking job as a Fresher Or as an experienced individual.
 The Online Job Portal System provides online real time information about the jobs available in the
agencies and the user information.
The functions of the system include:

 The member should be provided with the updated information about the jobs catalog
 Provisions for the members to apply the job they want, if all the other required rules hold good.
 The member is given a provision to check his account information and change the account
information
 Any time in the given valid period.
 The members are provided with the jobs available roster and allowed to apply job, which they
want.
 The admin can get the information about the members who have advertised jobs.

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1.10.1. Advantages:
 Free of cost, No need to pay money and there are no any subscription posting packages.
 No duplication of Jobs.
 SPAM reporting.
 High security
 Data redundancy can be avoided to some extent
 Data consistency
 Easy to handle
 Less human error
 User friendly interface
 Fact access to database
 Less error
 Easy data updating
 More storage capacity

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2. Chapter No 2: SYSTEM COMPONENT

System Architecture:

2.1. Feasibility studies:


A system request must meet several tests to see whether it is worth-while to proceed further. This
series of tests is called feasibility study and is a vital part of every systems project. All projects are
feasible given unlimited resources and infinite time. Unfortunately, most projects must be developed
within tight budgetary and time constraints. This means that assessing project feasibility is a required
activity for all information systems projects and is potentially a large undertaking. It requires that a
system analyst, evaluate a wide range of factors. Typically, some of these factors will be more important
for some projects and relatively unimportant for other projects. Three separate types of feasibility are:

 Technical feasibility
 Operational feasibility
 Economic feasibility

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2.2. Technical Feasibility:
The purpose of assessing the technical feasibility is to gain an understanding of the organization’s
ability to construct the proposed system. This analysis should include an assessment of the development
group’s understanding of the possible target hardware, software, and operating environments to be used
as well as system size, complexity, and the group’s experience with similar systems.

2.3. Operational feasibility:


An operational feasible system is one that will be used effectively after it has been developed. If
the users have difficulty with a new system, it will not produce the expected benefits. In operational
feasibility the following issues were inquired:

 Management’s support for the project?


 Training requirement for users of new system?
 Company’s support for providing the necessary resources for training
 Users involvement in planning the new system right from the start

2.4. Economic Feasibility:


A system request is economically feasible if the projected benefits of the proposed system
outweigh the estimated costs involves in developing, installing, and operating it. Economic feasibility is
often referred to as cost-benefit analysis. During project initiation and planning, it may be impossible to
precisely define all benefits and costs related to a particular project. Yet, it is important that analyst spend
adequate time identifying and quantifying these items or it will be impossible to conduct an adequate
economic analysis and make meaningful comparisons between rival projects.

2.5. System Requirements:


The successful running of any project primarily depends upon hardware and software used in its
compilation. The hardware used in the machine should be such that it supports the software that is to be
mounted for assembling the project. This project deals with the hardware and software, which is available
readily and easy on each and every machine given to the user.

2.5.1. Hardware Requirements

 300 MHz Pentium Processor


 256 MB RAM
 40 GB hard disk
 1.44 MB Floppy Drive
 CD-ROM Drive
 16-Bit color display, 640x480 resolution
 Printer
 Mouse

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2.5.2. Software Requirements

 XAMPP Server
 Editor : Notepad ++
 HTML 5
 CSS 3
 PHP
 JQuery
 AJAX
 MySql (Backend)

2.5.3. Hardware Specifications:

 Processor:
 Minimum: 300 MHz Pentium Processor
 The processor does all the processing for the contents of the program and when the clock speed
increases so does the processing speed.
 Memory Requirements:
 Minimum: 256 MB RAM
The memory selection is done and preferred for higher memory because the program before
running is flushed into memory buffer of computer, then it is executed. More the memory, more will be
the speed and hence less time for execution.

2.5.4. Display Card:

Higher the memory display card better is the resolution and better is the experience of using the
application.

2.5.5. Software Specifications

Software plays an important role in any project development. One should understand that which
software he/she should use to develop the project. Window XP was used as the operating system.
The application has been developed using:
 Front end: PHP
 Back End: My SQL Server

2.6. Functional Requirements:


2.6.1 Modules:
 User Module
 Company Module
 Admin Module

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2.6.2. Characteristics:
 The “User” is expected to be internet familiar and to be able to use the job portal.
 The “Admin” is expected to be familiar with internet and database.

2.6.3. Constraints:
Hardware Constraints:
The system should work on most home desktop and laptop PC’s which support PHP, HTML
or MySQL.
Software Constraints:
The system will be intent to run on Firefox, Google Chrome etc.

2.7. Non-Functional Requirements:


2.7.1. Security:
The job portal will provide restriction against unauthorized access.

2.7.2. Safety:
There will be a backup of data for any future mishap.

2.7.3. Performance:
The online job portal will never break down and work consistently.

2.8. ANALYSIS MODEL:


The model that is basically being followed is the WATER FALL MODEL, which states that the
phases are organized in a linear order. First of all the feasibility study is done. Once that part is over the
requirement analysis and project planning begins. If system exists one and modification and addition of
new module is needed, analysis of present system can be used as basic model.
The design starts after the requirement analysis is complete and the coding begins after the design
is complete. Once the programming is completed, the testing is done. In this model the sequence of
activities performed in a software development project are: -
 Requirement Analysis
 Project Planning
 System design
 Detail design
 Coding
 Unit testing
 System integration & testing
Here the linear ordering of these activities is critical. End of the phase and the output of one phase
is the input of other phase. The output of each phase is to be consistent with the overall requirement of the
system. Some of the qualities of spiral model are also incorporated like after the people concerned with
the project review completion of each of the phase the work done.
WATER FALL MODEL was being chosen because all requirements were known beforehand and
the objective of our software development is the computerization/automation of an already existing
manual working system.

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Changed
Requirements
Communicated
Requirements

Requirements
Requirements Specification
Engineering

Design
Specification
Design

Executable
Software
Programming Modules Maintenance

Integrated
Software
Integration Product

Delivered
Software
Delivery Product

Fig 2.2: Water Fall Model

2.9. STUDY OF THE SYSTEM


2.9.1. GUI’S:
In the flexibility of the uses the interface has been developed a graphics concept in mind,
associated through a browser interface. The GUI’S at the top level have been categorized as
 Administrative user interface
 The operational or generic user interface
The administrative user interface concentrates on the consistent information that is practically,
part of the organizational activities and which needs proper authentication for the data collection. The
interfaces help the administrations with all the transactional states like Data insertion, Data deletion and
Date updating along with the extensive data search capabilities.
The operational or generic user interface helps the users upon the system in transactions through
the existing data and required services. The operational user interface also helps the ordinary users in
managing their own information helps the ordinary users in managing their own information in a
customized manner as per the assisted flexibilities.

2.10. NUMBER OF MODULES:


The system after careful analysis has been identified to be presented with the following modules:
The modules involved are:
 Job Seeker
 Job Provider
 Administrator
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2.10.1. Job Seeker:
In this module Job Seeker register himself and upload his resume and fill the profile given by
admin and after login he will search for the job on various conditions and he can change his profiles and
resume and he can apply for the jobs based on various conditions. He can see the response of the
company and he can call the company person for the interview.

2.10.2. Job provider:


In this module Job Provider register him self and his company and after login he will add new job
and he can search for the job seekers on various condition and he can offer the job to job seeker according
to the job profile and he can also see the response from the job seekers and send the mail.

2.10.3. Administrator:
In this module Admin of the site have full control on the site. He/she can approve job post and can manage
users from there. He/she can also add categories and can delete them as well. From there he/she can manage his/her
site. No any post will show to any user if it is not approved by the admin.

2.11. INPUT AND OUTPUT:


The main inputs, outputs and major functions of the system are as follows

2.11.1 INPUTS:
 Head operator enters his or her user id and password.
 Operators enter his or her user id and password.
 Technicians enter his or her user id and password.
 Sub technicians enter his or her user id and password.
 User requests the reports.
 User requests the search.
 Head operator can edits the personal details and so on.

2.11.1 OUTPUTS:
 Head operator receives personal details.
 Operator receives the personal details.
 Technicians receive personal and technical details.
 Users receive requested reports.
 Displays search result.

2.12. UML Diagrams:


The accepted standard used when modeling a system is known as Unified Modeling Language (UML), a
generic set of notations that are used when creating UML diagrams. These notations can visually
represent
 requirements,
 subsystems,
 Logical and physical elements,
 structural
 behavioral patterns
Those are especially relevant to systems built using an object-oriented style.

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"Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standardized (ISO/IEC 19501:2005), general-purpose modeling
language in the field of software engineering. The Unified Modeling Language includes a set of graphic
notation techniques to create visual models of object-oriented software-intensive systems.
The current version of the UML is 2.4.1 published by the OMG in August 2011."

2.12.1. Types of UML Diagrams

UML defines 13 types of diagrams:


 class (package)
 object
 use case
 sequence
 collaboration
 component
 state machine
 timing
 interaction overview
 composite structure
 activity
 And deployment.

UML Class Diagrams


In software engineering, a class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type of
static structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the system's classes, their
attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships among objects.

UML Package Diagrams


A package diagram in the Unified Modeling Language depicts the dependencies between the
packages that make up a model.

UML Object Diagrams


An object diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a diagram that shows a complete
or partial view of the structure of a modeled system at a specific time.

UML Use Case Diagrams


A use case diagram at its simplest is a representation of a user's interaction with the system and
depicting the specifications of a use case. A use case diagram can portray the different types of users of a
system and the various ways that they interact with the system. This type of diagram is typically used in
conjunction with the textual use case and will often be accompanied by other types of diagrams as well.

UML Sequence Diagrams


"A sequence diagram is a interaction diagram that shows how processes operate with one another
and in what order. It is a construct of a Message Sequence Chart. A sequence diagram shows object
interactions arranged in time sequence. It depicts the objects and classes involved in the scenario and the
sequence of messages exchanged between the objects needed to carry out the functionality of the
scenario. Sequence diagrams are typically associated with use case realizations in the Logical View of the
system under development. Sequence diagrams are sometimes called event diagrams, event scenarios.

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A sequence diagram shows, as parallel vertical lines (lifelines), different processes or objects that
live simultaneously, and, as horizontal arrows, the messages exchanged between them, in the order in
which they occur. This allows the specification of simple runtime scenarios in a graphical manner.

UML Collaboration Diagrams


"A communication diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) 2.0, is a simplified version
of the UML 1.x collaboration diagram.
A Communication diagram models the interactions between objects or parts in terms of sequenced
messages. Communication diagrams represent a combination of information taken from Class, Sequence,
and Use Case Diagrams describing both the static structure and dynamic behavior of a system.

UML Activity Diagrams


"Activity diagrams are graphical representations of workflows of stepwise activities and actions
with support for choice, iteration and concurrency. In the Unified Modeling Language, activity diagrams
are intended to model both computational and organizational processes (i.e. workflows). Activity
diagrams show the overall flow of control.

UML Component Diagrams


"In the Unified Modeling Language, a component diagram depicts how components are wired
together to form larger components and or software systems. They are used to illustrate the structure of
arbitrarily complex systems.

UML Deployment Diagrams


"A deployment diagram in the Unified Modeling Language models the physical deployment of
artifacts on nodes. To describe a web site, for example, a deployment diagram would show what hardware
components ("nodes") exist (e.g., a web server, an application server, and a database server), what
software components ("artifacts") run on each node (e.g., web application, database), and how the
different pieces are connected (e.g. JDBC, REST, RMI).
The nodes appear as boxes, and the artifacts allocated to each node appear as rectangles within the
boxes. Nodes may have sub nodes, which appear as nested boxes. A single node in a deployment diagram
may conceptually represent multiple physical nodes, such as a cluster of database servers.

UML State Machine Diagrams


"UML state machine, also known as UML state chart, is a significantly enhanced realization of the
mathematical concept of a finite automaton in computer science applications as expressed in the Unified
Modeling Language (UML) notation.
The concepts behind it are about organizing the way a device, computer program, or other (often
technical) process works such that an entity or each of its sub-entities is always in exactly one of a
number of possible states and where there are well-defined conditional transitions between these states.
UML state machine is an object-based variant of Harelstate chart adapted and extended by UML.
The goal of UML state machines is to overcome the main limitations of traditional finite-state machines
while retaining their main benefits. UML state charts introduce the new concepts of hierarchically nested
states and orthogonal regions, while extending the notion of actions. UML state machines have the
characteristics of both Mealy machines and Moore machines. They support actions that depend on both
the state of the system and the triggering event, as in Mealy machines, as well as entry and exit actions,
which are associated with states rather than transitions, as in Moore machines.

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UML Timing Diagrams
"A timing diagram in the Unified Modeling Language 2.0 is a specific type of interaction diagram,
where the focus is on timing constraints.
Timing diagrams are used to explore the behaviors of objects throughout a given period of time. A
timing diagram is a special form of a sequence diagram. The differences between timing diagram and
sequence diagram are the axes are reversed so that the time is I increased from left to right and the
lifelines are shown in separate compartments arranged vertically.

UML Interaction Overview Diagrams


Interaction Overview Diagram is one of the fourteen types of diagrams of the Unified Modeling
Language (UML), which can picture a control flow with nodes that can contain interaction diagrams.
The interaction overview diagram is similar to the activity diagram, in that both visualize a
sequence of activities. The difference is that, for an interaction overview, each individual activity is
pictured as a frame which can contain a nested interaction diagrams. This makes the interaction overview
diagram useful to deconstruct a complex scenario that would otherwise require multiple if-then-else paths
to be illustrated as a single sequence diagram.

UML Composite Structure Diagrams


"Composite structure diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type of static
structure diagram that shows the internal structure of a class and the collaborations that this structure
makes possible.
This diagram can include internal parts, ports through which the parts interact with each other or
through which instances of the class interact with the parts and with the outside world, and connectors
between parts or ports. A composite structure is a set of interconnected elements that collaborate at
runtime to achieve some purpose. Each element has some defined role in the collaboration.

2.12.1. Use case diagram:


To model a system the most important aspect is to capture the dynamic behavior. To clarify a bit in
details, dynamic behavior means the behavior of the system when it is running /operating.
So only static behavior is not sufficient to model a system rather dynamic behavior is more
important than static behavior. In UML there are five diagrams available to model dynamic nature and
use case diagram is one of them. Now as we have to discuss that the use case diagram is dynamic in
nature there should be some internal or external factors for making the interaction.
These internal and external agents are known as actors. So use case diagrams are consists of
actors, use cases and their relationships. The diagram is used to model the system/subsystem of an
application. A single use case diagram captures a particular functionality of a system.
So to model the entire system numbers of use case diagrams are used.

Purpose
The purpose of use case diagram is to capture the dynamic aspect of a system. But this definition
is too generic to describe the purpose.
Because other four diagrams (activity, sequence, collaboration and Statechart) are also having the
same purpose. So we will look into some specific purpose which will distinguish it from other four
diagrams.

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Use case diagrams are used to gather the requirements of a system including internal and external
influences. These requirements are mostly design requirements. So when a system is analyzed to gather
its functionalities use cases are prepared and actors are identified.
Now when the initial task is complete use case diagrams are modelled to present the outside view.
So in brief, the purposes of use case diagrams can be as follows:
 Used to gather requirements of a system.
 Used to get an outside view of a system.
 Identify external and internal factors influencing the system.
 Show the interacting among the requirements are actors.

How to draw Use Case Diagram?


Use case diagrams are considered for high level requirement analysis of a system. So when the
requirements of a system are analyzed the functionalities are captured in use cases.
So we can say that use cases are nothing but the system functionalities written in an organized
manner. Now the second things which are relevant to the use cases are the actors. Actors can be defined
as something that interacts with the system.
The actors can be human user, some internal applications or may be some external applications.
So in a brief when we are planning to draw a use case diagram we should have the following items
identified.
 Functionalities to be represented as an use case
 Actors
 Relationships among the use cases and actors.
Use case diagrams are drawn to capture the functional requirements of a system. So after
identifying the above items we have to follow the following guidelines to draw an efficient use case
diagram.
The name of a use case is very important. So the name should be chosen in such a way so that it
can identify the functionalities performed.
 Give a suitable name for actors.
 Show relationships and dependencies clearly in the diagram.
Do not try to include all types of relationships. Because the main purpose of the diagram is to
identify requirements.
Use note whenever required to clarify some important points.
The following is a sample use case diagram representing the order management system. So if we
look into the diagram then we will find three use cases (Order, Special-order and Normal Order) and one
actor which is customer.
The Special-order and Normal Order use cases are extended from Order use case. So they have
extends relationship. Another important point is to identify the system boundary which is shown in the
picture. The actor Customer lies outside the system as it is an external user of the system.

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ONLINE JOB PORTAL - USECASE DIAGRAM

Register

Login

collect vacancy details

Job seeker

Approve the vacancy


Employer

Put the vacancy on website

Administrator

Search for job

Apply the job

Notify the jobseeker interest in


their vacancy

Download the CV

Check their qualification

Send the reply to jobseeker

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2.12.2.Class Diagram:

The class diagram is a static diagram. It represents the static view of an application. Class diagram is not
only used for visualizing, describing and documenting different aspects of a system but also for
constructing executable code of the software application.
The class diagram describes the attributes and operations of a class and also the constraints
imposed on the system. The class diagrams are widely used in the modeling of object oriented systems
because they are the only UML diagrams which can be mapped directly with object oriented languages.
The class diagram shows a collection of classes, interfaces, associations, collaborations and
constraints. It is also known as a structural diagram.

Purpose:
The purpose of the class diagram is to model the static view of an application. The class diagrams
are the only diagrams which can be directly mapped with object oriented languages and thus widely used
at the time of construction.
The UML diagrams like activity diagram, sequence diagram can only give the sequence flow of
the application but class diagram is a bit different. So it is the most popular UML diagram in the coder
community.
So the purpose of the class diagram can be summarized as:
 Analysis and design of the static view of an application.
 Describe responsibilities of a system.
 Base for component and deployment diagrams.
 Forward and reverse engineering.

How to draw Class Diagram?


Class diagrams are the most popular UML diagrams used for construction of software
applications. So it is very important to learn the drawing procedure of class diagram.
Class diagrams have lot of properties to consider while drawing but here the diagram will be
considered from a top level view.
Class diagram is basically a graphical representation of the static view of the system and
represents different aspects of the application. So a collection of class diagrams represent the whole
system.
The following points should be remembered while drawing a class diagram:
 The name of the class diagram should be meaningful to describe the aspect of the system.
 Each element and their relationships should be identified in advance.
 Responsibility (attributes and methods) of each class should be clearly identified.
 For each class minimum number of properties should be specified. Because unnecessary
properties will make the diagram complicated.
 Use notes whenever required to describe some aspect of the diagram. Because at the end of
the drawing it should be understandable to the developer/coder.
 Finally, before making the final version, the diagram should be drawn on plain paper and
rework as many times as possible to make it correct.
 Now the following diagram is an example of an Order System of an application. So it
describes a particular aspect of the entire application.

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 First of all Order and Customer are identified as the two elements of the system and they
have a one to many relationship because a customer can have multiple orders.
 We would keep Order class is an abstract class and it has two concrete classes (inheritance
relationship) Special-order and Normal Order.
 The two inherited classes have all the properties as the Order class. In addition they have
additional functions like dispatch () and receive ().

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2.12.3. Sequence Diagrams:

The Sequence Diagram models the collaboration of objects based on a time sequence. It shows how the
objects interact with others in a particular scenario of a use case. With the advanced visual modeling
capability, you can create complex sequence diagram in few clicks. Besides, Visual Paradigm can
generate sequence diagram from the flow of events which you have defined in the use case description.
UML sequence diagrams are used to show how objects interact in a given situation. An important
characteristic of a sequence diagram is that time passes from top to bottom: the interaction starts near the
top of the diagram and ends at the bottom (i.e. Lower equals later).
A popular use for them is to document the dynamics in an object-oriented system. For each key
collaboration, diagrams are created that show how objects interact in various representative scenarios for
that collaboration.

Targets:
Objects as well as classes can be targets on a sequence diagram, which means that messages can
be sent to them. A target is displayed as a rectangle with some text in it. Below the target, its lifeline
extends for as long as the target exists. The lifeline is displayed as a vertical dashed line.

Object
The basic notation for an object is

Where 'name' is the name of the object in the context of the diagram and 'Type' indicates the type
of which the object is an instance. Note that the object doesn't have to be a direct instance of Type, a type
of which it is an indirect instance is possible too. So 'Type' can be an abstract type as well.
Both name and type are optional, but at least one of them should be present. Some example:

As with any UML-element, you can add a stereotype to a target. Some often used stereotypes for
objects are «actor», «boundary», «control», «entity» and «database». They can be displayed with icons as
well:

An object should be named only if at least one of the following applies


 You want to refer to it during the interaction as a message parameter or return value
 You don't mention its type
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 There are other anonymous objects of the same type and giving them names is the only way to
differentiate them
Try to avoid long but non-descriptive names when you're also specifying the type of the object
(e.g. don't use 'aStudent' for an instance of type Student). A shorter name carries the same amount of
information and doesn't clutter the diagram (e.g. use 's' instead).

Multi-Object:
When you want to show how a client interacts with the elements of a collection, you can use a
multi-object. Its basic notation is

Again, a name and/or type can be specified. Note however that the 'Type' part designates the type
of the elements and not the type of the collection itself.

Class
The basic notation for a class is

Only class messages (e.g. shared or static methods in some programming languages) can be sent
to a class.

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Job seeker Employer Website Adminstrator

Register

Register

Login

Approve_vacancy

Put the vacancy

Searching_job

Upload_CV

Notify

Download_CV

Checking_Qualification

Send_reply

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2.12.4. ER Diagram:

2.12.5 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM:


A data-flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through an
information system. DFDs can also be used for the visualization of data processing (structured design).
On a DFD, data items flow from an external data source or an internal data store to an internal
data store or an external data sink, via an internal process.
A DFD provides no information about the timing or ordering of processes, or about whether
processes will operate in sequence or in parallel. It is therefore quite different from a flowchart, which
shows the flow of control through an algorithm, allowing a reader to determine what operations will be
performed, in what order, and under what circumstances, but not what kinds of data will be input to and
output from the system, nor where the data will come from and go to, nor where the data will be stored
(all of which are shown on a DFD).
When it comes to conveying how information data flows through systems (and how that data is
transformed in the process), data flow diagrams (DFDs) are the method of choice over technical
descriptions for three principal reasons.
(1) DFDs are easier to understand by technical and nontechnical audiences.

37|P a g e
(2) DFDs can provide a high level system overview, complete with boundaries and connections to other
systems.
(3) DFDs can provide a detailed representation of system components.
DFDs help system designers and others during initial analysis stages visualize a current system or
one that may be necessary to meet new requirements. Systems analysts prefer working with DFDs,
particularly when they require a clear understanding of the boundary between existing systems and
postulated systems. DFDs represent the following,
1. External devices sending and receiving data
2. Processes that change that data
3. Data flows themselves
4. Data storage locations
The hierarchical DFD typically consists of a top-level diagram (Level 0) underlain by cascading lower
level diagrams (Level 1, Level 2…) that represent different parts of the system.

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2.12.6 CONTROL FLOW DIAGRAM:
A control flow graph (CFG) in computer science is a representation, using graph notation, of all paths that
might be traversed through a program during its execution. The control flow graph is due to Frances E. Allen, who
notes that Reese T. Prosser used Boolean connectivity matrices for flow analysis before.

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2.13. Specific Requirements:
2.13.1. Use case Reports:

USECASE DESCRIPTION
Register Both the Jobseeker and Employer register the online job portal website.
Login Jobseeker login the website to update CV and search job.
Collection of vacancy Employers collect the vacancy details.
Approve vacancy Administrator approves the vacancy details.
Put vacancy Employer put the vacancy details on the website.
Search for job Jobseekers search the job according to their qualification.
Apply job Jobseekers apply the job to particular company.
Notify jobseeker interest Employers notify the jobseeker interest for their vacancy.
Download CV Employer download the CV.
Checking CV Admin and employer verify the CV.
Send reply Send the reply to the jobseeker.

2.13.2. Supplementary Requirements:


The user must be agreed with all the term and conditions that have provided by the System
Administrator, local authority and Should Obey tothe all International standards and Protocols.

Licensing Requirements
The usage is restricted to only S.A.C. Rida Zaheer who is developing the Online Job Portal
System and signs the maintenance contract.

Legal, Copyright, and Other Notices


Online Job Portal System is a trademark and cannot be used without consent.

Applicable Standards
The ISO/IEC 6592 guidelines for the documentation of computer based application systems will
be followed.

2.14. Why testing is done?


 Testing is the process of running a system with the intention of finding errors.
 Testing enhances the integrity of a system by detecting deviations in design and errors in the
system.
 Testing aims at detecting error-prone areas. This helps in the prevention of errors in a system.
 Testing also add value to the product by confirming to the user requirements.

2.14.1.Causes of Errors
The most common causes of errors in a software system are:
Communication gap between the developer and the business decision maker:
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A communication gap between the developer and the business decision maker is normally due to
subtle differences between them. The differences can be classified into five broad areas: Thought
process, Background and Experience, Interest, Priorities, Language.
Time provided to a developer to complete the project:
A common source of errors in projects comes from time constraints in delivering a product. To
keep to the schedule, features can be cut. To keep the features, the schedule can be slipped. Failing to
adjust the feature set or schedule when problems are discovered can lead to rushed work and flawed
systems.
Over Commitment by the developer:
High enthusiasm can lead to over commitment by the developer. In these situations, developers
are usually unable to adhere to deadlines or quality due to lack of resources or required skills on the
team.
Insufficient testing and quality control:
Insufficient testing is also a major source of breakdown of e-commerce systems during operations,
as testing must be done during all phases of development.
Inadequate requirements gathering:
A short time is to market results in developers starting work on the Web site development without
truly understanding the business and technical requirements. Also, developers may create client-side
scripts using language that may not work on some client browsers.
Keeping pace with the fast changing Technology:
New technologies are constantly introduced. There may not be adequate time to develop expertise
in the new technologies. This is a problem for two reasons. First, the technology may not be properly
implemented. Second, the technology may not integrate well with the existing environment.

2.14.2. Testing Principles:


1. To discover as yet undiscovered errors.
2. All tests should be traceable to customer’s requirement.
3. Tests should be planned long before the testing actually begins.
4. Testing should begin “in the small” & progress towards “testing in the large”.
5. Exhaustive Testing is not possible.
6. To be most effective training should be conducted by an Independent Third Party

2.14.3.Testing Objectives:
Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors.
A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding an as yet undiscovered error.
A successful test is one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error.

2.14.4.Kinds of Testing
Black Box Testing- Not based on any knowledge of internal designs or code. Tests are based on
requirements and functionality.
White Box Testing- Based on the knowledge of the internal logic of an application’s code. Tests
are based on coverage of code statements, branches, paths and statements.
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Unit Testing- The most ‘micro’ scale of testing; to test particular functions and code modules.
Typically it is done by the programmer and not by the testers, as it requires detailed knowledge of the
internal program design and code. Not always easily done unless the application has a well-designed
architecture with tight code; may require developing test drivers modules or test harnesses.
Integration Testing-Testing of combined parts is an application to determine if they function
together correctly. The ‘parts’ can be code modules, individual applications, client and server applications
on a network, etc. This type of testing is especially relevant to client/ server and distributed systems.
Functional Testing- Black-box type testing geared to functional requirements of an application;
testers should do this type of testing. This doesn’t mean that the programmers shouldn’t check that their
code works before releasing it.
Specifications; covers all combined parts of the system.
Regression Testing- Re-testing is after fixes or modifications of the software or its environment.
It is difficult to determine how much re testing is needed, especially near the end of the development
cycle. Automated testing tools can be especially useful for this type of testing.
Acceptance Testing- Final testing based on the specifications of the end user or customer or
based on use by end-users/ customers over some limited period of time.
User Acceptance Testing- Determining if software is satisfactory to an end user customer.

2.15. DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS


A data flow diagram is graphical tool used to describe and analyze movement of data through a
system. These are the central tool and the basis from which the other components are developed. The
transformation of data from input to output, through processed, may be described logically and
independently of physical components associated with the system. These are known as the logical data
flow diagrams. The physical data flow diagrams show the actual implements and movement of data
between people, departments and workstations. A full description of a system actually consists of a set of
data flow diagrams.

Using two familiar notations Yourdon, Grain and Sarson notation develops the data flow
diagrams. Each component in a DFD is labeled with a descriptive name. Process is further identified with
a number that will be used for identification purpose. The development of DFD’S is done in several
levels. Each process in lower level diagrams can be broken down into a more detailed DFD in the next
level. The lop-level diagram is often called context diagram. It consists a single process bit, which plays
vital role in studying the current system. The process in the context level diagram is exploded into other
process at the first level DFD.

The idea behind the explosion of a process into more process is that understanding at one level of
detail is exploded into greater detail at the next level. This is done until further explosion is necessary
and an adequate amount of detail is described for analyst to understand the process.

Larry Constantine first developed the DFD as a way of expressing system requirements in a
graphical from, this lead to the modular design.

A DFD is also known as a “bubble Chart” has the purpose of clarifying system requirements and
identifying major transformations that will become programs in system design. So it is the starting point
of the design to the lowest level of detail. A DFD consists of a series of bubbles joined by data flows in
the system.
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2.15.1. DFD SYMBOLS:
In the DFD, there are four symbols

1. A square defines a source(originator) or destination of system data


2. An arrow identifies data flow. It is the pipeline through which the information flows
3. A circle or a bubble represents a process that transforms incoming data flow into outgoing data
flows.
4. An open rectangle is a data store, data at rest or a temporary repository of data

2.15.2. CONSTRUCTING A DFD:

Several rules of thumb are used in drawing DFD’S:

 Process should be named and numbered for an easy reference. Each name should be
representative of the process.
 The direction of flow is from top to bottom and from left to right. Data traditionally flow from
source to the destination although they may flow back to the source. One way to indicate this is to
draw long flow line back to a source. An alternative way is to repeat the source symbol as a
destination. Since it is used more than once in the DFD it is marked with a short diagonal.
 When a process is exploded into lower level details, they are numbered.
 The names of data stores and destinations are written in capital letters. Process and dataflow
names have the first letter of each work capitalized

A DFD typically shows the minimum contents of data store. Each data store should contain all
the data elements that flow in and out.

Questionnaires should contain all the data elements that flow in and out. Missing interfaces
redundancies and like is then accounted for often through interviews.

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2.15.3. SALIENT FEATURES OF DFD’S
1. The DFD shows flow of data, not of control loops and decision are controlled
considerations do not appear on a DFD.

2. The DFD does not indicate the time factor involved in any process whether the dataflow
take place daily, weekly, monthly or yearly.

3. The sequence of events is not brought out on the DFD.

TYPES OF DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS

1. Current Physical

2. Current Logical

3. New Logical

4. New Physical

CURRENT PHYSICAL:
In Current Physical DFD process label include the name of people or their positions or the
names of computer systems that might provide some of the overall system-processing label includes an
identification of the technology used to process the data. Similarly data flows and data stores are often
labels with the names of the actual physical media on which data are stored such as file folders, computer
files, business forms or computer tapes.

CURRENT LOGICAL:
The physical aspects at the system are removed as much as possible so that the current
system is reduced to its essence to the data and the processors that transforms them regardless of actual
physical form.

NEW LOGICAL:
This is exactly like a current logical model if the user were completely happy with the user
were completely happy with the functionality of the current system but had problems with how it was
implemented typically through the new logical model will differ from current logical model while having
additional functions, absolute function removal and inefficient flows recognized.

NEW PHYSICAL:
The new physical represents only the physical implementation of the new system.
RULES GOVERNING THE DFD’S
PROCESS
1) No process can have only outputs.
2) No process can have only inputs.
3) A process has a verb phrase label.
DATA STORE
1) Data cannot move directly from one data store to another data store, a process must move
data.

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2) Data cannot move directly from an outside source to a data store, a process, which
receives, must move data from the source and place the data into data store
3) A data store has a noun phrase label.
SOURCE OR SINK
The origin and destination of details is
1) Data cannot move direly from a source to sink it must be moved by a process
2) A source and /or sink has a noun phrase land

DATA FLOW
1) A Data Flow has only one direction of flow between symbols. It may flow in both
directions between a process and a data store to show a read before an update. The later is usually
indicated however by two separate arrows since these happen at different type.

2) A join in DFD means that exactly the same data comes from any of two or more different
processes data store or sink to a common location.

3) A data flow cannot go directly back to the same process it leads. There must be atleast one
other process that handles the data flow produce some other data flow returns the original data into the
beginning process.

4) A Data flow to a data store means update (delete or change).

5) A data Flow from a data store means retrieve or use.

A data flow has a noun phrase label more than one data flow noun phrase can appear on a single
arrow as long as all of the flows on the same arrow move together as one package.

1st Level DFD’s

DFD for New Job Seeker Creation

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DFD For New Job Seeker Creation

DFD For New Job Search Creation

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2nd Level DFD’s

DFD For New Recruitment Creation

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3rd Level DFD’S

DFD For New Recruitment Creation

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2.15. Screen Shoots:
Home:

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Browse Jobs:

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About Us:

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Contact Us:

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Login:

Employee Signup:

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Employer Signup:

Job Details:

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Employee Profile:

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Employee Applied Jobs:

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Employee Chang Password:

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Employer Profile:

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Employer Jobs which they Posted:

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User Applied on Jobs :

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Add A New Job:

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Change Password for Employer:

Admin Dashboard:

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Change Password for Admin:

Categories Page:

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Manage Users Page:

Pending for Approval Page:

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Approved Posts Page:

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3. Chapter No 3: PROJECT ENVIRONMENT OR ARGUMENTS
3.1. What is HTML?
First developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990, HTML is short for HyperText Markup Language.
HTML is used to create electronic documents (called pages) that are displayed on the World Wide Web.
Each page contains a series of connections to other pages called hyperlinks. Every web page you see on
the Internet is written using one version of HTML code or another.
HTML code ensures the proper formatting of text and images so that your Internet browser may
display them as they are intended to look. Without HTML, a browser would not know how to display text
as elements or load images or other elements. HTML also provides a basic structure of the page, upon
which Cascading Style Sheets are overlaid to change its appearance. One could think of HTML as the
bones (structure) of a web page, and CSS as its skin (appearance).

HTML5:
HTML5 is the update made to HTML from HTML4 (XHTML follows a different version
numbering scheme). It uses the same basic rules as HTML4, but adds some new tags and attributes which
allow for better semantics and for dynamic elements that are activated using JavaScript. New elements
include section, <article>, <aside>, <audio>, <bdi>, <canvas>, <datalist>, <details>, <embed>, <figure>,
<figcaption>, <footer>, <header>, <keygen>, <mark>, <meter>, <nav>, <output>, <progress>, <rp>,
<rt>, <ruby>, <time>, <track>, <video>, and <wbr>. There are also new input types for forms, which
include tel, search, url, email, datetime, date, month, week, time, datetime-local, number, range, and
color.

3.2. What is CSS?


A cascading style sheet (CSS) is a Web page derived from multiple sources with a defined order
of precedence where the definitions of any style element conflict. The Cascading Style Sheet, level 1
(CSS1) recommendation from the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which is implemented in the
latest versions of the Netscape and Microsoft Web browsers, specifies the possible style sheets or
statements that may determine how a given element is presented in a Web page.
CSS gives more control over the appearance of a Web page to the page creator than to the browser
designer or the viewer. With CSS, the sources of style definition for a given document element are in this
order of precedence:
1. The STYLE attribute on an individual element tag
2. The STYLE element that defines a specific style sheet containing style declarations or a
LINK element that links to a separate document containing the STYLE element. In a Web page, the
STYLE element is placed between the TITLE statement and the BODY statement.
3. An imported style sheet, using the CSS @import notation to automatically import and
merge an external style sheet with the current style sheet
4. Style attributes specified by the viewer to the browser
5. The default style sheet assumed by the browser
In general, the Web page creator's style sheet takes precedence, but it's recommended that
browsers provide ways for the viewer to override the style attributes in some respects. Since it's likely that

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different browsers will choose to implement CSS1 somewhat differently, the Web page creator must test
the page with different browsers.

3.3. What is Javascript?


JavaScript is a programming language used primarily by Web browsers to create a dynamic and
interactive experience for the user. Most of the functions and applications that make the Internet
indispensable to modern life are coded in some form of JavaScript.
The earliest incarnations of JavaScript were developed in the late 1990s for the Netscape
Navigator Web browser. At the time, Web pages were static, offering little user interaction beyond
clicking links and loading new pages. For the first time, JavaScript enabled animation, adaptive content
and form validation on the page.
For many years, JavaScript only functioned on a limited number of browsers. Microsoft's Internet
Explorer, the largest browser base, did not support JavaScript until much later. Instead, Microsoft created
its own proprietary client-side script called JScript. In the early days of Web development, programmers
who wished to create dynamic websites were often forced to choose one browser family over the other.
This was less than ideal because it made the Internet less universally accessible.
JavaScript did not become standardized and widely adopted until 1999. Even after
standardization, browser compatibility remained an issue for over a decade.

How does JavaScipt work?


JavaScript is what is known as a client-side script. Most Web applications, such as a search
engine, work because of an interaction between the user's device (e.g. computer, phone or tablet) and a
remote server. The software on the remote server sends information to the client (i.e. the user's machine)
and the software on the client side reads the information and renders a Web page on screen.
A client-side script is a programming language that performs its tasks entirely on the client's
machine and does not need to interact with the server to function. For instance, if you have a Web page
loaded on your computer and your Internet service provider goes down, you are still able to interact with
the Web pages already loaded on your browser. You will not, however, be able to navigate to new Web
pages or access any data located remotely.
Some of the dynamic website enhancements performed by JavaScript are:
1. Autocomplete
2. Loading new content or data onto the page without reloading the page
3. Rollover effects and dropdown menus
4. Animating page elements such as fading, resizing or relocating
5. Playing audio and video
6. Validating input from Web forms
7. Repairing browser compatibility issues

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3.4. What is PHP?
PHP means - Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive backronym PHP: Hypertext
Preprocessor.
PHP code may be embedded into HTML code, or it can be used in combination with various web
template systems, web content management system and web frameworks.
The acronym PHP initially stood for Personal Home Pages.
As of version 3, it stands for PHP Hypertext pre-processor. It is a general purpose server side
scripting language that is used to develop;
1. Static websites
2. Dynamic websites
3. Web application
PHP scripts can only be interpreted on a server that has PHP installed.
The client computers accessing the PHP scripts require a web browser only.
A PHP file contains PHP tags and ends with the extension “.php”.
You have obviously head of a number of programming languages out there; you may be
wondering why we would want to use PHP as our poison for the web programming. Below are some of
the compelling reasons.
1. PHP is open source and free.
2. Short learning curve compared to other languages such as JSP, ASP etc.
3. Large community document
4. Most web hosting servers support PHP by default unlike other languages such as ASP that
need IIS. This makes PHP a cost effective choice.
5. PHP is regular updated to keep abreast with the latest technology trends.
6. Other benefit that you get with PHP is that it’s a server side scripting language; this means
you only need to install it on the server and client computers requesting for resources from the server do
not need to have PHP installed; only a web browser would be enough.
7. PHP has in built support for working hand in hand with MySQL; this doesn’t mean you
can’t use PHP with other database management systems. You can still use PHP with
 PostgreSQL
 Oracle
 MS SQL Server
 ODBC etc.
.PHP is cross platform; this means you can deploy your application on a number of different
operating systems such as windows, Linux, Mac OS etc.

3.5. What is MySQL?


MySQL is a database management system that is used by WordPress to store and retrieve all your
blog information. Think of it this way. If your database is a filing cabinet that WordPress uses to organize

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and store all the important data from your website (posts, pages, images, etc), then MySQL is the
company that created this special type of filing cabinet.
MySQL is an open source relational database management system. It runs as a server and allows
multiple users to manage and create numerous databases. It is a central component in the LAMP stack of
open source web application software that is used to create websites. LAMP stands for Linux, Apache,
MySQL, and PHP. Most WordPress installations use the LAMP stack because it is open source and
works seamlessly with WordPress.
WordPress requires MySQL to store and retrieve all of its data including post content, user
profiles, and custom post types. Most web hosting providers already have MySQL installed on their web
servers as it is widely used in many open source web applications such as WordPress.
WordPress uses the PHP programming language to store and retrieve data from the MySQL
database. To retrieve data from the database, WordPress runs SQL queries to dynamically generate
content. SQL stands for Structured Query Language and is the programming language typically used to
query databases.
For users that are not comfortable writing their own PHP and SQL scripts, most web hosting
providers offer easy to use web applications to manage databases. One such web application is
phpMyAdmin which allows users to manage their database using a web based graphical interface. You
can manipulate your tables visually while phpMyAdmin runs the SQL queries for you.Out of the box
MySQL doesn’t come with any graphical interface and advanced level users may prefer to just manage
their databases from the command line.

3.6. What is Xampp?


Many people know from their own experience that it's not easy to install an Apache web server
and it gets harder if you want to add MariaDB, PHP and Perl. The goal of XAMPP is to build an easy to
install distribution for developers to get into the world of Apache. To make it convenient for developers,
XAMPP is configured with all features turned on. In the case of commercial use please take a look at the
product licenses, from the XAMPP point of view commercial use is also free. There are currently
distributions for Windows, Linux, and OS X.

Our Team:

Founders:

Kai 'Oswald' Seidler+-


Oswald was one of the original co-founders of Apache Friends. He graduated 1999 from
Technical University of Berlin with a Diplom-Informatiker degree (equivalent to a Master in Computer
Science). In the 90's he created and managed Germany's biggest IRCnet server irc.fu-berlin.de, and co-
managed one of the world's largest anonymous FTP server ftp.cs.tu-berlin.de. From 1993 until 1998 he
was member of the internationally renowned "ProjektgruppeKulturraum Internet", a Berlin-based
research project on net culture and network organization. In 2006, his third book, Das XAMPP-
Handbuch, was published by Addison Wesley. From 2009 to 2011, he served as Technology Evangelist
for Web Tier Products at Sun Microsystems/Oracle.

Kay Vogelgesang
Together with Oswald, Kay co-founded the Apache Friends project in 2002. He currently works
as freelance System Engineer and wrote several books about web technologies like Apache, MySQL and
XAMPP itself.

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Current Maintainers:

Beltran Rueda
Beltran is a project manager at Bitnami. He fell in love with open source and Linux since an early age
and enjoys tinkering with web technologies and speaking at developer events. Beltran graduated from the
Seville Engineering School with a Master's degree in Telecommunication.

Daniel Lopez Ridruejo


Daniel is a co-founder of Bitnami. Previously, he contributed to various web infrastructure open source
projects, published multiple technical books on web technologies and became a member of the Apache
Software Foundation. Daniel graduated from the Seville Engineering School with a Master's degree in
Telecommunication and holds a Ms. Sc. on Optical Networking from DTU in Denmark.

Past Advisors:
 Paul Hinz
 ArianeNotenbaum

Translations:
 ÚrBalázs Hungarian
 CristianMilitaru Romanian
 JarosławMaciejewski Polish
 AtalayŞahin Turkish
 Muhammad Adeel Urdu
 Gregory Raya Catalan
Can you help translate XAMPP for other community members? We need your help to translate
XAMPP into different languages. We have set up a site, translate.Apachefriends.org, where users can be
contribute translations.

Security:
We want to thank the following individuals for reporting vulnerabilities responsibly and helping
improve XAMPP.
 OsandaMalithJayathissa
 KamilSevi
 Simone Memoli (Toxic Security Team)
 Muhammad Talha Khan
 VladCiornei
 Minh Nguyen (Sangteamtham)
 Avinash Kumar Thapa (-Acid)

Support & QA:


 Benny Stein
 Christian 'kleinweby' Speich
 Henning 'boppy' Bopp
 Stefan 'DeepSurfer' König
 nemesis

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Retired:
 DJ DHG
 PF4
 CarstenWeidman
 Antivirus
 Apache-User
 Kristian W. Mar croft

The License
XAMPP is a compilation of free software (comparable to a Linux distribution), it's free of charge
and it's free to copy under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence. But it is only the compilation of
XAMPP that is published under GPL. Please check every single license of the contained products to get
an overview of what is, and what isn't, allowed. In the case of commercial use please take a look at the
product licenses (especially MySQL), from the XAMPP point of view commercial use is also free.

Warranty:
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty; without
even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. (See the GNU General
Public Licence for more details)

Trademarks:
XAMPP and Apache Friends are registered trademarks of BitRock. Microsoft, DOS, and
Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Intel, Pentium, i386, i486 are registered
trademarks of Intel Corporation. SUN, Sparc are registered trademarks of Oracle, Inc. Apple, Mac, and
OS X are registered trademarks of Apple Inc.
All other company and product names may be trademarks of their respective companies.

3.7. What is Dreamweaver?


Adobe Dreamweaver is a software program for designing web pages, essentially a more fully
featured HTML web and programming editor. The program provides a what-you-see-is-what-you-get
(WYSIWYG) interface for users to create and edit web pages in a more user-friendly environment.
Dreamweaver supports multiple web and programming languages including HTML, C#, Visual Basic
(VB), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), Active Server Pages (ASP), Extensible Markup Language (XML)
and others. The program is also available in a number of languages, including English, Spanish, French,
German, Japanese, Chinese (both Simplified and Traditional), Italian, Russian, and more.
Dreamweaver was originally developed and published by Macromedia in 1997. Adobe purchased
Macromedia (which included the rights to Dreamweaver) in 2005 and continued the development of the
program. The many features of Dreamweaver make it a versatile web editing tool, where it be for creating
complex or very simples sites.
The main attraction to Dreamweaver is that it simplifies web design as a "what you see is what
you get" (WYSIWYG) platform. With drag and drop features, there’s not much of a learning curve to
understand design in a short time with Dreamweaver.
The learning curve with Dreamweaver is short
Some people, however, have difficulty learning the basics of Dreamweaver due to its confusing
interface and cannot always trust the WYSIWYG element, which does not necessarily display what a live
user would see through a browser.

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You may find that the software offers a lot of features that you may never use, while others may
find it to be all they need to do whatever they want. It's particularly useful for designers who only need
basic websites
 Web design Is Dreamweaver a serious web design tool?
 Is Dreamweaver a serious web design tool?
 By Creative Blog Staff December 18, 2015 Web design
 The team is at Fueled examine the pros and cons of using Adobe's veteran web design software.
 Dreamweaver enables you to build a website without writing code
Dreamweaver CC is a popular software program for creating websites without knowing any code.
It's a useful program for a wide range of web designers and developers, from beginners to advanced
professionals.
You can build credible sites with Dreamweaver, but it has limitations; in order to do whatever you
want with the best web design techniques, you will need to learn HTML, CSS and other coding. Here are
some of the pros and cons of using Dreamweaver...

Simplifying web design:


The main attraction to Dreamweaver is that it simplifies web design as a "what you see is what
you get" (WYSIWYG) platform. With drag and drop features, there’s not much of a learning curve to
understand design in a short time with Dreamweaver.
The learning curve with Dreamweaver is short
Some people, however, have difficulty learning the basics of Dreamweaver due to its confusing
interface and cannot always trust the WYSIWYG element, which does not necessarily display what a live
user would see through a browser.
You may find that the software offers a lot of features that you may never use, while others may
find it to be all they need to do whatever they want. It's particularly useful for designers who only need
basic websites.

Ways Dreamweaver can help:


Dreamweaver provides useful tools for pros who prefer to write code through a window that
displays both code and design views. It provides code highlighting, which allows you to read your code
quickly when checking for errors. Its code suggestion feature helps code writers with CSS. Other useful
features include file manager, code validation and accessibility checks.
Ultimately, Dreamweaver is a simple and efficient platform for people who need to design
multiple basic sites. It comes loaded with templates that give you plenty of different choices for site
layouts. The latest versions are up to date with browsers, giving you a "live view" of what sites
realistically look like online. Dreamweaver also provides advanced tools, and as part of the Adobe family
it integrates well with other Adobe products.
Another advantage to using Dreamweaver is that it's a cross-platform solution. It helps you build
websites for all devices, as you will not need to learn special code for mobile websites. The "Fluid Grid"
feature on new versions, for example, lets your site automatically rearrange itself to fit the screen it's
being viewed on.

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3.8. What is Bootstrap?
Bootstrap is a free front-end framework for faster and easier web development
Bootstrap includes HTML and CSS based design templates for typography, forms, buttons,
tables, navigation, modals, image carousels and many other, as well as optional JavaScript plug-ins.
Bootstrap also gives you the ability to easily create responsive designs

What is Responsive Web Design?


Responsive web design is about creating web sites which automatically adjust themselves to look
good on all devices, from small phones to large desktops.

Bootstrap History
Bootstrap was developed by Mark Otto and Jacob Thornton at Twitter, and released as an open
source product in August 2011 on GitHub.
In June 2014 Bootstrap was the No.1 project on GitHub!

Why Use Bootstrap?

Advantages of Bootstrap:
Easy to use: Anybody with just basic knowledge of HTML and CSS can start using Bootstrap
Responsive features: Bootstrap's responsive CSS adjusts to phones, tablets, and desktops
Mobile-first approach: In Bootstrap 3, mobile-first styles are part of the core framework
Browser compatibility: Bootstrap is compatible with all modern browsers (Chrome, Firefox,
Internet Explorer, Safari, and Opera)

Where to Get Bootstrap?


There are two ways to start using Bootstrap on your own web site.
You can:
Download Bootstrap from getbootstrap.com
Include Bootstrap from a CDN
Downloading Bootstrap
If you want to download and host Bootstrap yourself, go to getbootstrap.com, and follow the
instructions there.
Bootstrap CDN
If you don't want to download and host Bootstrap yourself, you can include it from a CDN
(Content Delivery Network).
MaxCDN provides CDN support for Bootstrap's CSS and JavaScript. You must also include
jQuery:
MaxCDN:
<!-- Latest compiled and minified CSS -->
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">

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<!--jQuery library -->
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<!-- Latest compiled JavaScript -->
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

3.9. What is jQuery?


jQuery is a fast and concise JavaScript Library created by John Resig in 2006 with a nice motto − Write
less, do more.
jQuery simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating, and Ajax interactions for rapid
web development.
jQuery is a JavaScript toolkit designed to simplify various tasks by writing less code. Here is the list of
important core features supported by jQuery.
DOM manipulation − ThejQuery made it easy to select DOM elements, traverse them and modifying
their content by using cross-browser open source selector engine called Sizzle.
Event handling − The jQuery offers an elegant way to capture a wide variety of events, such as a user
clicking on a link, without the need to clutter the HTML code itself with event handlers.
AJAX Support − ThejQuery helps you a lot to develop a responsive and feature-rich site using AJAX
technology.
Animations − ThejQuery comes with plenty of built-in animation effects which you can use in your
websites.
Lightweight − The jQuery is very lightweight library - about 19KB in size ( Minified and zipped ).
Cross Browser Support − The jQuery has cross-browser support, and works well in IE 6.0+, FF 2.0+,
Safari 3.0+, Chrome and Opera 9.0+
Latest Technology − ThejQuery supports CSS3 selectors and basic XPath syntax.

How to use jQuery?


There are two ways to use jQuery.
Local Installation − You can download jQuery library on your local machine and include it in your
HTML code.
CDN Based Version − You can include jQuery library into your HTML code directly from Content
Delivery Network (CDN).
Local Installation
Go to the https://jquery.com/download/ to download the latest version available.
Now put downloaded jquery-2.1.3.min.js file in a directory of your website, e.g. /jquery.

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Example
Now you can include jquery library in your HTML file as follows −
<html>
<head>
<title>The jQuery Example</title>
<script type = "text/javascript" src = "/jquery/jquery-2.1.3.min.js"></script>
<script type = "text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
document.write("Hello, World!");
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello</h1>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result −
“Hello World”

3.10. What is Microsoft Windows?


Microsoft Windows (or simply Windows) is a metafamily of graphical operating systems
developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. It consists of several families of operating systems, each of
which cater to a certain sector of the computing industry with the OS typically associated with IBM PC
compatible architecture. Active Windows families include Windows NT, Windows Embedded and
Windows Phone; these may encompass subfamilies, e.g. Windows Embedded Compact (Windows CE) or
Windows Server. Defunct Windows families include Windows 9x; Windows 10 Mobile is an active
product, unrelated to the defunct family Windows Mobile.

Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985, as a


graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user
interfaces (GUIs).[4] Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal computer (PC) market
with over 90% market share, overtaking Mac OS, which had been introduced in 1984. Apple came to see
Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products
such as the Lisa and Macintosh (eventually settled in court in Microsoft's favor in 1993). On PCs,
Windows is still the most popular operating system. However, in 2014, Microsoft admitted losing the
majority of the overall operating system market to Android,[5] because of the massive growth in sales of
Android smartphones. In 2014, the number of Windows devices sold were less than 25% of Android

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devices sold. These comparisons, however, may not be fully relevant as the two operating systems
traditionally targeted different platforms.

As of September 2016, the most recent version of Windows for PCs, tablets, smartphones and
embedded devices is Windows 10. The most recent versions for server computers is Windows Server
2016. A specialized version of Windows runs on the Xbox One game console.

Microsoft became famous with the release of MS DOS, a text-based command line-driven
operating system. DOS was mostly based on a purchased intellectual property, QDOS. GUI-based
operating systems of that time included Xerox's Alto, released in 1979, and Apple’s LISA and Macintosh
systems, which came later. Microsoft’s die-hard fans referred to such systems derogatorily as WIMPs,
which stood for “windows, icons, mouse and pull-down menus (or pointers).”

However, Bill Gates saw the potential in GUI-based systems as much as Steve Jobs had and thus
began his idea for a project he called Interface Manager. Gates thought he could bring the graphical user
interface to the masses at a lower cost than the $9,000 LISA. The rest of Microsoft supported this idea as
well but weren’t satisfied with the name. Ironically, given their disparagement of WIMPs, the team
selected Windows as the new system’s name.

With Windows development, Bill Gates, Paul Allen and Steve Ballmer had begun perhaps the
single-most influential collaboration in computer software history. The Windows OS has always had
competition, some of which has been free, and some of which has had an edge in style. However, no other
operating system is as well known to so many computer users all over the world or so consistently
dominant in market share. Microsoft has maintained this position with a steady roll-out of new versions
over the years to support and exploit advances in hardware.

Before the system’s first release, however, Steve Jobs and Apple filed suit claiming that Windows
stole from LISA. Microsoft claimed that both operating systems derived inspiration from Xerox’s Alto
and that this was the source of their similarities. The matter was settled with an agreement that Windows
1.0 would not use the debated technologies, but the terms were left open for future versions.

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4. Chapter No: 4 CONCLUSION & SUMMARY

4.1. Conclusion:

Here, I have designed a project “Online Job Portal” using Custom PHP. All the application codes are in
PHP with the AJAX and JQUERY backend. This portal provides all the features with the support of
extension JS-JOB Plug-in. I am using is free trial, so its functionalities are limited. My project satisfies all
the functional requirements mentioned in the project, however, it doesn’t contain any Franchise module.
In future I will add this feature in this portal with some other variation; I would like to design more user
friendly portal system.
Job matchmaking is an important issue in today’s global, distributed and heterogeneous market. We have
briefly explored how available technology can possibly help how job recruitment and job seeking
processes are implemented.
We strongly believe that, due to its high social impact, research has to look with “Job
Matchmaking” not only with the goal to propose advances in the scientific knowledge, but because this is
an application area capable of bringing direct and immediate benefits to humanity.
It has been a great pleasure for me to work on this exciting and challenging project. This project
proved good for me as it provided practical knowledge of not only programming in ASP.NET and
VB.NET web based application and no some extent Windows Application and SQL Server, but also
about all handling procedure related with “PROJECT NAME”. It also provides knowledge about the
latest technology used in developing web enabled application and client server technology that will be
great demand in future. This will provide better opportunities and guidance in future in developing
projects independently.

BENEFITS:
The project is identified by the merits of the system offered to the user. The merits of this project are as
follows: -
 It’s a web-enabled project.
 This project offers user to enter the data through simple and interactive forms. This is very helpful
for the client to enter the desired information through so much simplicity.
 The user is mainly more concerned about the validity of the data, whatever he is entering. There
are checks on every stages of any new creation, data entry or updation so that the user cannot enter
the invalid data, which can create problems at later date.
 Sometimes the user finds in the later stages of using project that he needs to update some of the
information that he entered earlier. There are options for him by which he can update the records.
Moreover there is restriction for his that he cannot change the primary data field. This keeps the
validity of the data to longer extent.
 User is provided the option of monitoring the records he entered earlier. He can see
 the desired records with the variety of options provided by him.
 From every part of the project the user is provided with the links through framing so that he can
go from one option of the project to other as per the requirement. This is bound to be simple and

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very friendly as per the user is concerned. That is, we can sat that the project is user friendly
which is one of the primary concerns of any good project.
 Data storage and retrieval will become faster and easier to maintain because data is stored in a
systematic manner and in a single database.
 Decision making process would be greatly enhanced because of faster processing of information
since data collection from information available on computer takes much less time than manual
system.
 Allocating of sample results becomes much faster because at a time the user can see the records of
last years.
 Easier and faster data transfer through latest technology associated with the computer and
communication.
Through these features it will increase the efficiency, accuracy and transparency,

LIMITATIONS:
 The size of the database increases day-by-day, increasing the load on the database back up and
data maintenance activity.
 Training for simple computer operations is necessary for the users working on the system.

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4.3. References

 Job recruitment and job seeking processes : how technology can help, Digital object
identifier10.0019/MITP .2013.62,1520-9202/$26.00 2013 IEEE
 EFFICIENCY OF JOB PORTALS AND SOCIAL MEDIA ON ORGANIZATIONAL BUSINESS,
International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences ISSN: 2278-6236
 SSN: 2277-3754 ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology
(IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 7, January 2013,Popularity of online job portals.

4.4. URL’s:UML Diagram:


http://www.conceptdraw.com/How-To-Guide/uml-diagrams

Waterfall Model:
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sdlc/sdlc_waterfall_model.htm

Related Sites:
https://www.rozee.pk/
http://new.brightspyre.com/
http://www.bayrozgar.com/
https://www.mustakbil.com/
http://www.talenthunters.com.pk/

HTML:

http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/h/html.htm

CSS:

http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/cascading-style-sheet-CSS

Javascript:

https://www.bigcommerce.com/ecommerce-answers/what-javascript-and-why-it-important/

PHP:
http://www.guru99.com/what-is-php-first-php-program.html

MySQL:
http://www.wpbeginner.com/glossary/mysql/

Xampp:
https://www.apachefriends.org/about.html

Dreamweaver:
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/d/dreamweaver.htm

Bootstrap:
http://www.w3schools.com/bootstrap/bootstrap_get_started.asp

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