MIXTURES

CHEMISTRY

A science that studies

matter

materials

Pure substances Mixtures

Chemical Homogeneous Heterogenous

Elements (Solutions and coloids) (Suspensions and
compounds mixtures
 For Chemistry is essential to study mixtures and understand them
in order to comprehend the dynamics of chemical changes.

Mixtures are formed by substances

that even though ther are together,
they are not chemically bonded
(seawater)

An essential property of mixtures is

that the different substances that
comprise them, do not lose their
qualitative properties but also preserve
and mix.
component
Describing mixtures
- The concentration is the relationship betwen the amount of solute and
solution

- The solute is the substance that is found in a smaller proportions in the

solution

- The solvent is the substance in greater proportion

- Solutions are necessarly homogeneous mixtures and can be described

quealitatively by estimating the concentration of solute in it.

- When there is a little, they are called dilute solutions

- When there is a lot, they are known as concentrated

- If a point is reached when no more solute can be disolved, ther are called
saturated
EXAMPLES

Write 5 more examples in

your notebook
 The concentration can be measured and expressed in different ways:
- Mass percent concentration
- Volume percent concentration
- Combination of mass and volumen

The units used should be the

same, these may be grams,
kilogram or any other unit of
the same type in the case of
two different units, it is
necessary to make the proper
conversión.
Mass percentage concentration
Indicate the quantity of solute mass (in grams) that is disolved in 100g of solution. The higher the
mass percentage of a solution, the more concentrated it will be.

Volume percentage concentration

Indicates the amount of volumen of solute (in milliliters) that is dissoled in 100 ml of
solution.
Is often use when the solute is liquid and measuring its volumen is more practial tan
measuring its mass (e. g. to measure the alcoholic strength shown in beverages).
Mass percent concentration in volumen
Is the most common expression, it measures the mass or weight of solute in grams (in
grams) vs. the volume of solution (in mL).
Since the numerator and denominator have different units, this concentration unit is not a
true relative unit (e.g. percentage), however it is often used as an easy concentration unit
since volumes of solvent and solutions are easier to measure than weights.
EXAMPLES

Example 1: Ordinary bleach is 5.25% NaOCl by mass, which means each 100 g of
bleach contains 5.25 g NaOCl.

Example 2: Find the mass percentage of 6 g sodium hydroxide dissolved in 50 g of

water. (Note: since the density of water is nearly 1, this type of question often gives
the volume of water in milliliters.)

First find the total mass of the solution:

total mass = 6 g sodium hydroxide + 50 g water
total mass = 56 g

Now, you can find the mass percentage of the sodium hydroxide using the formula:
mass percent = (grams of solute / grams of solution) x 100
mass percent = (6 g NaOH / 56 g solution) x 100
mass percent = (0.1074) x 100
answer = 10.74% NaOH
Example 3: Find the masses of sodium chloride and water required to obtain 175 g
of a 15% solution.

This problem is a bit different because it gives you the mass percentage and asks you
to then find how much solute and solvent are needed to yield a total mass of 175
grams.

Start with the usual equation and fill in the given information:

mass percent = (grams solute / grams solution) x 100

15% = (x grams sodium chloride / 175 g total) x 100
Solving for x will give you the amount of NaCl:
x = 15 x 175 / 100
x = 26.25 grams NaCl

So, now you know how much salt is needed. The solution consists of the sum of the amount
of salt and water. Simply subtract the mass of salt from the solution to obtain the mass of
water that is required:
mass of water = total mass - mass of salt
mass of water = 175 g - 26.25 g
mass of water = 147.75 g