Professional Documents
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Pidgin and creole are not new variety it is among many languages of the world; a system of
communicating pidgin and creole is called Lingua Franca. Pidgin language is a language
with no native speakers; it is not first language of anyone but in spite of that it is known as
contact language such pidgin languages are the reaction of multilingual colonies whose sole
source abandoned to improvise, add and modify codes in order to communicate in other
words we can say that it is reduced variety of language it is only spoken to fulfill need of
contact groups.
It is no more shocking for us that Pidginization still happens throughout world where
communication need is prioritized ,people always initiate whatever they have available
resources .This would be unfair to say that every pidgin is later creole because from
pidginization to cerolization there are some processes to adopt ; therefore it is to say that
every pidgin is lingua France would be unjustified only a few that undergo the process of
creolization they become part of communication system (Lingua France ).Most of the
pidgins die out before they processed .When pidgin for some reason survive
simultaneously convert into creole .Pidginization is very effectively used in children as in
German workers developed pidginized German varieties of language for communication
but it could be no longer survived until and unless they educated and schooled .Above
discussion clearly emphases that if any of language is published ,spoken largely and
communicated broadly cannot die out .Aitchison (1981) also has noted what is happening
to Neo – Melanenisian .She point out four kinds of change .One of these is that people speak
creoles faster than pidgin and they do not speak word by word this process is called
“assimilation and reduction” for instance ma bilong mi (my husband in English ) and
reduced and assimilated version became mamblomi. Second change is expansion in
vocabulary resources languages are extendable it is always said that forming new language
needs lots of new vocabulary ;same happens here new and short words were formed such
as paitman ( fighter in English) exits alongside man bilong pait (man of fight ) .Third change
was formed while developing tense system in verbs such as Bin used as past time marker
and bai ,from baimbai( by and by ) as future time marker .fourth and final change dragged
language towards the development and sentences and relative clauses simply discourse
marker as pidgin can be developed into a fully-fledged language . Hall mentions that kinds
of changes we associate with creolization normally take thousands of years in languages for
which we certain kinds of historical evidence. Whatever Hall says but recent intensive
studies takes opposite view and claims that pidgnization takes place overnight and
creolization takes no more than a generation or two.
According to Ronald Wardhbough. Pidgin and creole languages are not only distributed
mainly equatorial belt around the world, but nearby oceans; these languages are found
mostly in the Caribbean and around the North and East coasts of South America and
around coast of Africa ;particularly the west coast ,and across the Indian and Pacific Ocean.
Holm (1989) provides useful survey of pidgin and creole, smith (1995) lists 351 pidgin and
creoles along with 158 assorted mixed languages and Hankock (1997) lists pidgins and
creoles out of these thirty five are English based.
North
East
West
South
Caribbean area is mainly popular for pidgin and Creole ; whereas French speaking pidgin
and creole could not survive due to their geographical and historical settlements but on the
other hand if we glance over English based , French based and dutch based they follow still
their varieties of pidgin almost processed into creole .Having discussed Creole and Pidgin
here question arises that when pidgin converts into creole does it survive or else it is
compelled to follow standard dialect of that region. This has been always debate in
linguistic phenomena in relation to society that what dialect is it spoken and why is it
spoken in particular region? For answering that question one should follow effect of society
over language that shows intangible effects to dialect and later some survived, some
converted /diverted and some are died out. For instance French –based creole is spoken in
St Lucia (Caribbean area) English is their official language now. Later in chapters we will
discuss about issues that cause in decay of any language.
Linguistics Analysis
Should pidgin and creole be compared to standard dialect of any region? It makes no sense
at all because pidgin is not of any ones’ language therefore comparing it to standard dialect
looks a little unwise device but in order to check out whether out of three which language
shared more of her constitutes makes sense to compare .Sounds of Pidgin and Creole are
easier to learn and speak than standard language such as Tok Pisin (English based Pidgin
and creole) their speaker use five basic vowels and fewer consonant than the standard
English .They feel no contrast in “it “and “eat” as they call ship as sip and sheep as
sipsip.They makes no difference between P and f such as if you say wanfela or wanpela (in
English one)makes no distinction for them . Moreover and other significant marker found
in Pidgin is that it does not follow variation in pluralization as it is very common in English
such as boys, cats and dogs. The technical term for this is morphophonemic variation. Most
of Pidgins as well as Creole lack inflation in nouns, pronouns, verbs and adjectives. In
following examples Tok Pisin pidgin illustrated below