AWS A 5.21 1980 Composite surfacing welding rods and electrodes
AWS A 5.22 1980 Flux cored Cr and Cr-Ni steel electrodes AWS A 5.23 1990 Low alloy steel electrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding. AWS A 5.24 1990 Zr and Zr alloy filler metal. AWS A 5.25 1991 Flux wire combinations used for electroslag welding of carbon and high strength low alloy steels. AWS A 5.26 1978 Consumables used for electro-slag welding of carbon and high strength alloy steels. AWS A 5.28 1979 Bare solid wire of low alloy steel for use with TIG, MIG and PAW processes. AWS A 29 1980 Low alloy steel electrodes for flux covered arc welding. Matching electrodes must be used for alloy steels and stainless steels. For corrosion resistant base metals the electrode must also be corrosion resistant. Chromium-nickel steel electrodes are classified on the basis of chemical composition of the filler metal. AWS - A5.5--69 and AWS A5.5-69 specifications give the composition for stainless steel electrodes. Hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen can be present in mild and low alloy steel weld deposits; all are detrimental even in small amounts. Hydrogen lowers the ductility and notch ductility of weld deposits. It is believed to cause fissuring (Micro-cracking) in non-hardenable weld deposits and cold (underbead) cracking in the heat affected zones of hardenable steels. It can also cause porosity. Hydrogen is considered to affect notch ductility and cracking in amounts above 0.0087 per cent. Oxygen can lead to poor notch impact performance possibly by acting as a catalyst for precipitation reactions such as strain ageing. In larger amounts it can react with carbon to give carbon-monoxide and hence porosity. Nitrogen is believed to contribute to weld metal fissuring and in larger amounts it leads to reduced ductility and the formation of hard needles of iron nitride. It can have a deleterious influence of creep behaviour, and in larger amounts cause porosity. Basic covered electrodes give weld deposits low in hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Cellulosic electrodes also give deposits with good mechanical properties and weld metal low in oxygen and nitrogen. Some electrodes are compounded to deposit weld metal that solidifies rapidly after being melted by the arc, and are thus used specifically for welding in the vertical and overhead positions. They are known as Fast Freeze Electrodes. Commonly used Fast Freeze Electrodes in the welding of steel are E 6010, E 6011, E 7010-A and E 7010-G. The deposition rates are not very high with these electrodes. These electrodes provide deep penetration and maxium admixture. Slag formation is light and the arc is easy to control. There are electrodes which are compounded to deposit metal rapidly in the heat of the arc, and are thus well suited to high speed welding on horizontal surface. These electrodes are known as Fast-Fill Electrodes. The weld metal solidifies somewhat slowly and so these electrodes are not suitable for out-of-position