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ontoh Hortatory Exposition Dalam Bahasa Inggris

Indonesia‘s Economic Growth Anomaly


Thesis:
In the midst of a global economy condition crisis hit Indonesia‘s economic growth, the
record showed positive results. In the second quarter of this year compared with the same period of
last year, Indonesia’s economy grew about 6.4 percent. This growth remains still terpust in Java with
the growth amounted to 57.5 percent. If the accumulated economic growth of Indonesia, the first half of
the year 2012 is better compared to the first half of the year grew about 6.3 percent.
Argumentation:
However, Indonesia‘s economic growth is considered anomalous experience. This is revealed
bySalamuddin Daeng, Indonesia‘s economic observer for Global Justice. He reasoned, economic
growth is not followed by an increase in welfare of society. Further, at least explain daeng four factors
that make Indonesiaexperienced an economic anomaly. First, Indonesia‘s economy is driven
by many foreign debt whose valuecontinues to rise. “Indonesia’s debt reached Rp. 2865 trillion. The
Government’s foreign debt increased every year. This debt became the main source of income of the
Government and became the driving force of economic growth of Indonesia, “said Daeng.
Secondly, an increase in Community consumption of allegedly taking part encourage Indonesia‘s
economic growth. Community consumption which increased the price of clothing and food are rising,
as well as sustained by loan growth especially credit consumption. Third, Indonesia‘s
economic growth is driven byexports of raw materials, such as the results of oil and gas,
forests, plantations and mines, resulting in lesscreates added value and jobs. The last
factor, Indonesia‘s economic growth fueled by foreign investment that makes Indonesia the
more natural resources controlled by foreigners.
Meanwhile, A Tony Prasetiantono, the economic Observer from Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia‘s
economic growth argued, supported by the domestic sector. According to him, the effects of the global
crisisthrough the trading balance deficit and the decline in exports will be felt on the third and
fourth quarter of this year. He considers the contribution of exports to GDP is not great.
Similar with that of Mirza Adityaswara, Economist delivered, that a number of economic sectors in the
country are growing because low interest rates supported by the. This appears to be from loan
growth which reached 26-28 percent at once driven by low fuel prices because it is still subsidized
by the Government. It further revealed that Mirza, domestic-oriented sectors experiencing growth is
high, such as automotive, manufacturing, transportation, communications and trade. As a result, the
growth in domestic-oriented sectorresulted in a trade balance deficit trend getting bigger.
The Repeated Affirmation:
According to Tony, greater government spending and rapid growth is also very helpful. As it
was, the inflation rate is below 5 percent was quite helpful, though it is no effect, i.e. the value
of energy subsidies that continue to swell that actually tends to be unsanitary.

Economy
Anomali Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia

Tesis:
Di tengah kondisi perekonomian global yang dilanda krisis, catatan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia
memperlihatkan hasil positif. Pada triwulan kedua tahun ini dibandingkan dengan periode yang sama
tahun lalu, ekonomi Indonesia tumbuh sekitar 6,4 persen. Pertumbuhan ini tetap masih terpust di Pulau
Jawa dengan pertumbuhan sebesar 57,5 persen. Jika diakumulasikan, pertumbuhan ekonomi
Indonesia semester I tahun 2012 lebih baik dibandingkan dengan semester I tahun 2011 yang tumbuh
sekitar 6,3 persen.
Argumentasi:
Namun, pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia dianggap mengalami anomali. Hal ini diungkapkan oleh
Salamuddin Daeng, pengamat ekonomi Indonesia for Global Justice. Beliau beralasan, pertumbuhan
ekonomi ini tidak diikuti dengan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Lebih lanjut daeng
menjelaskan, sekurang-kurangnya ada empat faktor yang membuat ekonomi Indonesia mengalami
anomali. Pertama, perekonomian Indonesia banyak digerakkan oleh utang asing yang nilainya terus
naik. “Utang Indonesia mencapai Rp. 2.865 triliun. Utang asing pemerintah meningkat setiap tahunnya.
Utang ini menjadi sumber penghasilan utama pemerintah dan menjadi pendorong tumbuhnya ekonomi
Indonesia,” papar Daeng.
Kedua, peningkatan konsumsi masyarakat disinyalir ikut mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia.
Konsumsi masyarakat yang meningkat bersumber dari harga sandang dan pangan yang mengalami
kenaikan, serta ditopang oleh pertumbuhan kredit terutama kredit konsumsi. Ketiga, ekonomi Indonesia
pertumbuhannya didorong oleh ekspor bahan mentah, misalnya hasil perkebunan, hutan, migas dan
bahan tambang, sehingga kurang menciptakan nilai tambah dan lapangan pekerjaan. Faktor terakhir,
ekonomi Indonesia pertumbuhannya didorong oleh investasi asing yang membuat sumber daya alam
Indonesia makin dikuasai asing.
Sementara itu, A Tony Prasetiantono, Pengamat Ekonomi dari Universitas Gadjah Mada, berpendapat,
pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia didukung oleh sektor domestik. Menurut beliau, efek krisis global
melalui defisit neraca perdangan dan penurunan ekspor baru akan terasa pada kuartal ketiga dan
keempat tahun ini. Beliau menganggap kontribusi ekspor terhadap PDB tidak besar.
Senada dengan itu, ekonom Mirza Adityaswara menyampaikan, bahwa sejumlah sector ekonomi dalam
negeri tumbuh karena didukung oleh suku bunga rendah. Hal ini tampak dari pertumbuhan kredit yang
mencapai 26-28 persen sekaligus didorong oleh harga BBM yang rendah karena masih disubsidi oleh
pemerintah. Lebih lanjut diungkap Mirza, sektor yang berorientasi dalam negeri mengalami
pertumbuhan tinggi, seperti otomotif, manufaktur, transportasi, komunikasi, dan perdagangan.
Akibatnya, pertumbuhan sektor yang berorientasi dalam negeri mengakibatkan kecenderungan defisit
neraca perdagangan yang semakin besar.
Penegasan Ulang:
Menurut Tony, belanja pemerintah yang lebih besar dan cepat juga sangat membantu pertumbuhan.
Seiring hal itu, tingkat inflasi yang berada di bawah 5 persen cukup membantu, meskipun hal tersebut
ada efeknya, yaitu nilai subsidi energi yang terus membengkak yang sebetulnya cenderung tidak sehat.

THESIS :
I am sure that you know that smoking harms your body. Then why do you continue
smoking? Maybe you do it because you haven’t really become conscious about all the
effects that smoking has. There are a lot of reasons why you shouldn’t smoke. Some of them
are that smoking affects your health, that you spend a lot of money on cigarettes, and that when
you smoke you are not respecting people around you.

ARGUMENT 1 : The first reason why you shouldn’t smoke is that smoking affects your
health. If
you smoke, your physical condition will be negatively affected, so it will be very
difficult for you to succeed in sports. Also, smoking produces lethal diseases like cancer and
reduces the length and quality of your life. Maybe you don’t notice all the physical effects of
smoking immediately, but you surely will be sorry one day.

ARGUMENT 2 : The second reason why you shouldn’t smoke is because of all the
money that you spend on it. Maybe you start smoking only when someone offers you a
cigarette, but there will be a day when you will feel the need of a cigarette. By this time, you
will pay whatever to smoke, and each time you will smoke more, so you will spend more
money. All the money you would spend on cigars could have be spent in something
better, don’t you think?
ARGUMENT 3 : The last reason why you shouldn’t smoke is out of respect for the people
around you. When you smoke, you not only harm yourself, but you also harm all the
people around you. So you mustn’t be selfish; you should at least avoid smoking in front of
people who don’t smoke. Also, many people don’t like the cigarette’s smell, so they
won’t enjoy your company. Would you like that?

RECOMMENDATION : I have said just some reasons of why you shouldn’t smoke, so I hope
that now those of you who smoke are able to think a little and try to make a smart decision.
In addition to all the reasons I’ve said, I would like you to think about how much you love
yourself and then whether you want to continue harming yourself. Think also about all
the people who love you, like your family who doesn’t want to see you suffering or
sick. If you decide to continue smoking, what a pity. But if you decide to stop smoking,
congratulations! Remember that "If you can dream it, you can do it.

Sumber : http://www.englishindo.com/2011/10/contoh-hortatory-exposition-why-you-
should-not-smoke.html#ixzz4rmBFQg22

Exposition text has two forms namely Hortatory and Analytical. Beside both
have different name, there is also a difference on how the genres consist of.
In the Analytical exposition text, the generic structures will be Thesis,
Arguments, and Reiteration, but on Hortatory Exposition text, the generic
structures are Thesis, Arguments, and Recommendation.

Can you guess the difference?

Yes, it is the Reiteration and Recommendation. The Reiteration will just


conclude the text, but the Recommendation
To deepen your understanding about the genres, there are two examples
below consisted of same thesis, and same arguments but have different
closing.

EXAMPLE 1: ANALYTICAL

Why Exercise is Important

The majority of us claim that we do not have time for exercise. We feel too
busy to do that. However, many expert said that exercise has great role in
making our body healthy.
Being physically active offers many advantages. In physical reword,
exercise can reduce weight then our body will become fitter. Exercise is
also believed to reduce stress levels, improve sleep patterns, and reduce
the risk of heart disease, diabetes and some forms of cancer. Beside
physical advantage, exercise also brings good effects mentally. Due to the
fitter body, exercise can make us feel refreshed and happy then we can
increase our life quality and expectancy.

How can we do exercise while we are busy? Such question is commonly


found among us. Actually exercise can be done in simple ways. We can go
walking while shopping. In the office we can take stair rather than lift to
run up and down. Or we can go cycling while enjoy the leisure time.

Overall, exercise helps us healthier physically and mentally. That is why


exercise is very important to us.

EXAMPLE 2: HORTATORY
Why Exercise is Important

The majority of us claim that we do not have time for exercise. We feel too
busy to do that. However, many expert said that exercise has great role in
making our body healthy

Being physically active offers many advantage. In physical reword,


exercise can reduce weight then our body will become fitter. Exercise is
also believed to reduce stress levels, improve sleep patterns, and reduce
the risk of heart disease, diabetes and some forms of cancer. Beside
physical advantage, exercise also brings good effects mentally. Due to the
fitter body, exercise can make us feel refreshed and happy then we can
increase our life quality and expectancy.

How can we do exercise while we are busy? Such question is commonly


found among us. Actually exercise can be done in simple ways. We can go
walking while shopping. In the office we can take stair rather than lift to
run up and down. Or we can go cycling while enjoy the leisure time.

Based on arguments above, it is very clear that exercise is vital for our life.
Even for busy people, exercise can be done in many ways and I’m sure it
will even be possible for non busy people. So, we should exercise.
ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
 Social function: To persuade the readers or the listeners that something in the
case, to analyze or to explain.
 Generic Structure:
1. Thesis (usually includes a preview argument. It introduces topics and
indicates the writer’s position.)
2. Arguments (consists of a point and elaboration sequence. The number of
points may vary, but each must be supported by discussion and evidence).
3. Reiteration (restates the position more forcefully in the light of the arguments
presented).
Jenis teks ini di awali dengan
 THESIS, yaitu pendapat kalian tentang suatu masalah. Biasanya di awali
dengan kalimat I personally think, In my opinion, I believe, etc. Setelah kalian
menuliskan thesis atau pendapat,
 kalian harus menuliskan ARGUMENTS, yaitu argumen-argumen atau alasan-
alasan yang disertai dengan fakta dan bukti-bukti yang relevan sehingga
pendengar atau pembaca terpengaruh dengan argumen yang kalian kemukakan.
Biasanya dimulai dengan Firstly, Nest, Third, The last, etc.
 Untuk mengakhiri teks, kalian harus menuliskan REITERATION, yaitu
simpulan dari thesis dan arguments yang telah kalian bicarakan sebelumnya.
Kalian bisa mengungkapkannya melalui kalimat In my conclusion, To conclude,
From the facts above, we can conclude that, etc.
 Language features:
 Emotive words such as : alarmed, worried.
 Words that qualify statements such as: usual probably
 Words that link arguments such as: firstly, however, on the other hand,
therefore.
 Usually present tense
 Compound and complex sentences
 Example
Before we are going to smoke, it is better to look at the fact. About 50 thousands
people die every year in Britain as direct result of smoking. This is seven times
as many as die in road accidents. Nearly a quarter of smokers die because of
diseases caused by smoking.
Ninety percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking. If we smoke five cigarettes
a day, we are six times more likely to die of lung cancer than a non smoker. If we
smoke twenty cigarettes a day, the risk is nineteen greater. Ninety five percent of
people who suffer of bronchitis are people who are smoking. Smokers are two
and half times more likely to die of heart disease than non smokers.
Additionally, children of smoker are more likely to develop bronchitis and
pneumonia. In one hour in smoky room, non smoker breathes as much as
substance causing cancer as if he had smoked fifteen cigarettes.
Smoking is really good for tobacco companies because they do make much
money from smoking habit. Smoking however is not good for every body else.

Thesis: This pre-conclusive paragraph states the writer’s point of view about the
topic discussed. Writer has show himself in clear position of the discussed topic.
Paragraph 1 is the thesis of this analytical exposition text. It states the fact of the
very fatal impact of the smoking habit. Clearly the writer wants to say that
smoking is not a good habit.
Arguments: Presenting arguments in analytical exposition text is as important as
giving conflict plot in narrative text. The series of argument will strengthen the
thesis stated before. In this example of analytical exposition text, paragraph 2 and
3 are the detail arguments presented in a reporting fact to support that smoking is
not good even for smokers themselves. Furthermore, people who do not smoke
but they are in smoky area have the bad effect too from the smoking habit.
Reiteration: This end paragraph actually is restating the thesis. It is something
like conclusive paragraph from the previous arguments. The last paragraph of this
example of analytical exposition points again that smoking is not good for
smokers and people around smokers. However smoking is very good for
Cigarette Companies
Notes on the generic structure of this example of analytical exposition

As we know that both analytical exposition and hortatory exposition are classified
as argumentative essay. Both present argument to support the thesis state in the
orientation. This thesis places the writer’s position on the essay. From the generic
structure, what make big different is that analytical exposition ends with
paragraph to strengthen the thesis while hortatory makes a recommendation for
readers.
Dalam mengungkapkan pendapat, kalian pasti berusaha untuk meyakinkan
lawan bicara agar mau mengikuti apa yang kalian inginkan. Makanya kalian
juga akan memberikan argumen-argumen yang kuat untuk mendukung opini
kalian sehingga lawan bicara bisa terpengaruh dan mengiyakan pendapat kalian.
Jadi, untuk membedakan teks Analytical Exposition dengan teks lainnya adalah
di lihat dari isi dan tujuannya. The social function is to persuade by presenting
arguments. Tujuannya adalah untuk membujuk pendengar atau pembaca
sehingga mereka mau mengikuti keinginan kalian. Teks ini berisi tentang
argumen atau alasan.
Contoh:
I personally think learning English through music and songs can be very
enjoyable. You can mix pleasure with learning when you listen to a song and
exploit the song as a means to your English progress. Some underlying reason
can be drawn to support the idea why we use songs in language learning.
Firstly, “the song stuck in my head” Phenomenon (the echoing in our minds of
the last song we heard after leaving a restaurant, shopping malls, etc) can be both
enjoyable and sometimes unnerving. This phenomenon also seems to reinforce
the idea that songs work on our short-and-long term memory.
Secondly, songs in general also use simple conversational language, with a lot of
repetition, which is just what many learners look for sample text. The fact that
they are effective makes them many times more motivating than other text.
Although usually simple, some songs can be quite complex syntactically,
lexically and poetically, and can be analyzed in the same way as any other literary
sample.
Furthermore, song can be appropriated by listener for their own purpose. Most
pop songs and probably many other types don’t have precise people, place or time
reference.
In addition, songs are relaxing. They provide variety and fun, and encourage
harmony within oneself and within one group. Little wonder they are important
tools in sustaining culture, religion, patriotism and yeas, even revolution.
Last but not least, there are many learning activities we can do with songs such
as studying grammar, practicing selective listening comprehension, translating
songs, learning vocabulary, spelling and culture.
From the elaboration above, it can be concluded that learning through music and
songs, learning English can be enjoyable and fun.
Coba perhatikan teks di atas. Kalian pasti sudah tau kan yang mana thesis,
argument dan reiteration.
I personally think (thesis)
Firstly, Secondly, Furthermore, In addition, Last but not least (arguments)
From the elaboration above (reiteration)

HORTATORY EXPOSITION
Hortatory Exposition

I. Teks ini hampir sama dengan Analytical Exposition, dapat ditemukan pada
berbagai macam surat maupun artikel yang bersifat membujuk, mempengaruhi
misalnya surat pembaca, promosi, surat terbuka dan lain-lain.

II. Struktur susunan teks


* Thesis *
Berisi issue atau topic permasalahan yang diangkat sebagai pokok persoalan,
serta posisi penulis terhadap persoalan tersebut.

* Arguments *
Serangkaian alasan yang mendukung ide penulis.

* Recommendation *
Berisi anjuran, nasihat atau apa yang seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya
dilakukan menanggapi persoalan yang diangkat.
The generic structure is as follow:
Thesis; thesis is similar to tentative conclusion which needs to be proven by
certain fact and argument. In the end, it can be true or false
Arguments; this is the phase which try to examine and support that the thesis
stated above is true.
Recommendation; this is what should or should not be done in the hortatory
text. This recommendation is differentiating from analytical exposition.

III. Language features / ciri-ciri kebahasaan


* Generic participant. Obyek, pokok persoalan bersifat umum.

* Terdapat action verb, kata kerja tindakan

* Menggunakan mental process, missal : think, feel, understand dsb.

* Simple present tense


IV.Tujuan Komunikatif
Membujuk, mempengaruhi dan menganjurkan kepada pembaca, pendengar
bahwa sesuatu seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya menjadi permasalahan.

To persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case.

Hortatory is similar to analytical exposition but if we have to differentiate both


from one to each other, we have one useful tool by making analysis on the
generic structure. What makes hortatory different from analytical exposition is
the last finalizing step which analytical exposition is ended by a reiteration
while hortatory is finalized by certain a recommendation.

V. CONTOH TEKS.
Higher Education for Woman
In this modern era, there are still some parents who are reluctant about
sending their daughter to college. Such narrow attitude shown to woman higher
education is largely due to the traditional role of woman in society. A woman is
expected just to be a wife and a mother most parents believe that if their daughter
gets married and chooses to be a housewife, then the higher education will be a
waste. However an educated woman does not only make a better wife abut also
contributer better thing to the large society.
Nowadays more women are successfully combining their career and
marriage. Educated women are richer both emotionally and financially. They are
able to find an outlet for monotonous drudgery of their housekeeping. They bring
more satisfaction and contentment to their lives.
Depriving girl of higher education is crash discrimination. Time has
changed. Modern society need the talents of its people regardless of gender.
Today women work alongside men. In fact, in the last few decades women have
made outstanding contributions to society.
Woman should be given the freedom to be educated whether they get
married or go to work after finishing their education because it is only through
education that a woman will find herself useful and discover what she wants in
life. A woman who work is not an insult to her husband. Conversely, her husband
should feel proud of her achievement since marriage is actually an equal
partnership. Therefore, parents should not think that girls should receive less
education just because they will get marriage one day.
Example II

Why Should Wearing a Helmet when Motorcycling


We often hear lots of stories from road regarding people taking spill on
motorcycle when they are riding without using helmet. Mostly the riders badly
end up in mess.
Wearing a fitted protective helmet offers many benefits which reduces the
negative aspects of riding. First and the most important is that wearing the
correct helmet can save a rider's life, physical ability, family pain, and money.
The recommended designs of motorcycle helmets can provide total protection.
They not only protect riders from getting a worse road injured accident but also
from flying bugs, such as rain, sleet, mud and other potential projectiles.
Second, wearing a helmet can gives the raiders a matter of style. Helmets give
the opportunity for rider to express the image they may want to project when
riding on they way. This benefit may not be important to some people, but to
others, it means a lot and important. By choosing the most appropriate helmet
from all of the various styles, such as beanie, shorty, German, and many others,
wearing a helmet which can projecting an image is an inherent crucial part of
motorcycling and help riders feel more confident when riding on the road.
However, what most important is wearing helmet when riding is a matter of
using it properly. Bikers should use the helmets which are fixed to their head. It
is really not good if they places simply the helmets on the head without settling
them properly. The bikers should fasten the helmet correctly to their head in
order to get safe and comfort.

 How can we see the generic structure of the hortatory example above?
Thesis: the importance of wearing helmet which is stated in the first paragraph
Argumentative: Wearing helmet gives a total protection and giving a chance in
imaging self which presented in the second paragraph.
Recommendation: Bikers should wear helmet properly to get the benefits.

Teks hortatory exposition berisi tentang teks yang mengemukakan alasan-alasan


dengan tujuan untuk membujuk pendengar atau pembaca agar mau mengikuti
apa yang dikemukakan penulis. Dalam pelajaran bahasa Indonesia kita tentu
sudah mengenal teks persuasi, yang sama isinya dengan teks hortatory.
Teks hortatory di awali dengan Thesis, yaitu menuliskan opini penulis tentang
suatu masalah. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan argumen, yaitu alasan-alasan yang
mendukung pendapat penulis. Terakhir, menuliskan saran atau nasihat.
Contoh Teks hortatory dalam bentuk surat:
Dear Editor,
We are writing to complain about ads on TV. There are so many ads, especially
during our favourite programmes. We think they should be stopped for a
number of reasons.
First, ads are nuisance. They go on for a long time and there are so many.
Sometimes there seems to be more ads than programmes.
Second, ads are bad influence on people. They try to encourage people to buy
unhealthy food like beer, soft drink, candy and chips. And they make people
want things they do not really need and can not.
Finally, the people who make ads have too much say in what programmes
people watch. That is because they want to put all their ads on popular programs
that a lot of people watch. Some programmes which are not so popular get
stopped because they do not attract enough ads, even though those programmes
may be someone’s favourite.
For those reasons, we think TV station should stop showing ads. They interrupt
programmes. They are bad influences on people, and they are sometimes put a
stop to people’s favourite shows. We are sick of ads, and now we mostly watch
other channels.
David
Coba perhatikan teks di atas. Paragraf pertama berisi thesis, yang dilanjutkan
dengan arguments (alasan) di paragraf 2, 3, dan 4. Paragraf ke 5 berisi tentang
recommendation (saran). Isi dari paragraf terakhir inilah yang membedakan teks
horatatory dan analytical.

Discussion
 Definition of Discussion
Discussion is a text which present a problematic discourse. This problem will be
discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in
philosophical, historic, and social text.
 Generic Structure of Discussion
1. Statement of issue; stating the issue which is to discussed
2. List of supporting points; presenting the point in in supporting the presented
issue
3. List of contrastive point; presenting other points which disagree to the
supporting point
4. Recommendation; stating the writer' recommendation of the discourse
 Language Feature of Discussion
1. Introducing category or generic participant
2. Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc
3. Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection; similarly, on the hand,
however, etc
4. Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc
5. Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc

 Example
The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power
Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various
part of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at
Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956.
Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine.
Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and
produces huge amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when
burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:
 It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.
 It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to
the greenhouse effect.
 It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.
 It produces small amount of waste.
 It is reliable.
On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up
and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore,
although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does
go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major accident.
People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power
was the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.

 Note on the Generic Structure of Discussion Text


Discussion is a process to find the meet point between two different
ideas. It is important to to get the understanding between the two differences. In
many social activities, discussion is the effective way to calm down any friction
and difference in thought, perception and recommendation.
This example of discussion text present the two poles, between the advantage
and disadvantage of using nuclear plant to fulfill the energy needed. It is a case
which need to be talked and discussed from two points. They are represented in
the generic structure which is used:
Stating the Issue: In the first paragraph, it is stated that using nuclear power
can be the choice in fulfilling the needed energy.
Supporting Point: In the second paragraph, it is presented the advantages of
nuclear power plant to be used as the source of the world's energy needed
Contrastive Point: The third paragraph shows the balance. It gives the
contradictory idea in using nuclear power plant as the resource of energy.
Recommendation: This text is ended with a similar recommendation on how
people should concern in the matter of nuclear energy.

Analytical vs Hortatory vs Discussion


When what is the basic difference between analytical and hortatory
exposition. In simple word. Analytical is the answer of "How is/will" while
hortatory is the answer of "How should". Analytical exposition will be best to
describe "How will student do for his examination? The point is the important
thing to do. But for the question" How should student do for his exam?" will be
good to be answered with hortatory. It is to convince that the thing should be
done.
mengetahui perbedaan teks analytical dan hortatory, mari kita mengenal
persamaan dari kedua teks ini. Teks exposition dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu
analytical exposition dan hortatory exposition. Exposition adalah jenis teks yang
berisi tentang argumen-argumen tentang suatu topik. Dalam menulis teks ini,
penulis perlu mencari sumber informasi agar argumen yang dikemukakan cukup
kuat untuk mempengaruhi pembaca atau pendengar.
Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari kita bisa menemukan teks exposition dalam
diskusi, pidato, iklan, surat, dsb.
Contohnya, ada seorang teman yang merokok, kita bisa saja memberikan
pendapat kita bahwa merokok itu tidak baik. So the thesis is “Smoking is not
good for your health”. Kemudian kita akan memberikan alasan-alasan mengapa
merokok itu tidak baik, so we tell the arguments that support our thesis. The social
function of exposition is to persuade the reader or listener.
So the difference is…..
Study the text organization of analytical exposition below.
Ada 3 tahapan dalam teks analytical, yaitu:
1. Thesis, berisi tentang suatu pernyataan tentang permasalahan tertentu. Biasanya
diawali dengan kalimat I personally think, In my opinion, I believe, dll.
2. Arguments, berisi tentang alasan-alasan untuk medukung Thesis yang
dikemukakan. Diawali dengan kata, atau frase First, Second, Furthermore, In
addition, The last, dll.
3. Reiteration, berisi tentang simpulan dari Thesis, dan Arguments yang
dikemukakan. Kata-kata yang digunakan biasanya In my conclusion, Based on
the arguments above, dll
Perbedaan Analytical Exposition dan Hortatory Exposition terletak
di paragraf terakhir. Dalam penulisan Hortatory juga ada 3 bagian, yaitu:
1. Thesis, berisi tentang suatu pernyataan tentang permasalahan tertentu. Biasanya
diawali dengan kalimat I personally think, In my opinion, I believe, dll.
2. Arguments, berisi tentang alasan-alasan untuk medukung Thesis yang
dikemukakan. Diawali dengan kata, atau f rase First, Second, Furthermore, In
addition, The last, dll.
3. Recommendation, berisi tentang saran dari penulis atas Thesis dan Arguments
yang dikemukakan. Biasanya ada kata-kata should, should not, ought to, ought
not to, dll.
Discussion
Diskusi teks akan melihat masalah ini dari sudut pandang yang berbeda. Hal
ini menyajikan pendapat pro dan kontra tentang isu tertentu. Satu sisi adalah
setuju masalah ini, yang lain tidak setuju masalah itu. Titik yang berbeda
pandangan, menurut struktur generik, adalah jantung dari teks diskusi. Itu akan
membedakan dari jenis teks lain.
Ketika kita membaca sebuah contoh teks diskusi, kita akan melihat struktur
sebagai berikut;
1. Statement of issue: apa masalah yang akan dibahas. Diskusi ini harus drive
bermasalah dari sudut pandang yang berbeda.
2. List of supporting points: setelah menyatakan masalah ini, perlu untuk
menyajikan argumen untuk mendukung bahwa satu poin adalah setuju.
3. List of contrastive point: di samping argumen untuk mendukung, teks diskusi
perlu argumen yang tidak setuju dengan isu lain.
4. Recommendation: akhirnya pada akhir diskusi, penting untuk berpikir ulang
untuk merumuskan rekomendasi tertentu untuk masalah yang dibahas.
For example:
Text 1
Smoking in restaurants
Smoking in restaurants is just not on. It must not be allowed because it is rude,
harmful to others and dangerous for the smokers.
Firstly, smoking in a restaurant is impolite. The smell of the smoke affects all
people and can turn them off their food. People pay to taste good food and not
to be put off by foul smelling smoke.
Another reason smoking should not be allowed in restaurant is the harm it can
do to others. Passive smoking that is breathing in smoke made by a smoker can
lead to asthma attacks and even cancer.
Finally, smoking is dangerous and a health risk to the smokers. Cigarettes cause
heart and lung disease and people should not smoke anywhere, not just in
restaurants.
Therefore, smoking in restaurants is impolite, harmful to others and a health risk
to the smokers and should not be allowed in any restaurants.
Text 2
Is it important to know what your kids are watching? Of course yes. Television
can expose things you have tried to protect them from, especially violence,
pornography, consumerism, etc.
A study demonstrated that spending too much time on watching TV during the
day or bedtime often causes bedtime disruption, stress, and short of sleep
duration.
Another research found that there is a significant relationship between the
amount of time spent for watching television during adolescence and early
adulthood, and the possibility of being aggressive.
Meanwhile, many studies have identified a relationship between kids who
watch TV a lot and being inactive and overweight.
Considering some facts mentioned above, protect your children with the
following tips:
1. Limit television viewing to 1 – 2 hours each day
2. Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their bedrooms
3. Review the rating of TV shows that your children watch
4. Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening the show
Text 3
the school’s new rule
Two students were discussing the school’s new rule that all the students must
wear a cap and a tie. One of them showed her annoyance. She said that wearing
a cap and a tie was only suitable for a flag ceremony. So, she was against the
rule. Contrary to the girl’s opinion, the other student was glad with it. He said
that he didn’t mind with the new rule because wearing a cap and a tie will make
the students look great and like real educated persons. The first student gave the
reasons that they would feel uncomfortable and hot. Moreover, the classrooms
were not air conditioned. The second said it wasn’t a big problem. He was sure
that the students would wear them proudly. They would surely be used to it any
way.
Ketiga teks di atas hampir sama, perbedaannya hanya ada di paragraf terakhir.
Coba perhatikan paragraf terakhir pada teks 1 yang hanya berisi simpulan tidak
ada saran. Memang ada kata “shouldn’t be allowed in the restaurants”, namun itu
bukan saran melainkan penguatan dari thesis. Perhatikan lagi thesisnya “It must
be allowed because…” Bandingkan dengan paragraf kedua pada teks kedua yang
berisi saran melalui empat tips yang harus dilakukan to protect the
children sedangkan paragraph ketiga dua orang yang sedang membicarakan
peraturan baru baik dan buruknya menurut mereka (pro-kontra)

Social Network Influence on Youth


Facebook, Twitter, and other social networking sites are now
technological applications that are popular among teenagers as well as
children. With this website, we can expand either of kinship or
friendship with the wider community, not only in the scope of the
neighborhood itself, but from different walks of life, environmental and
social status. It becomes a necessity for young people to have it.

Therefore, social networking sites have resulted in both positive and


negative impacts. The positive impacts of social networks are we are
able to have many friends, able to bring together the kinship that has not
seen or has dropped out, able to share the information, able to find out a
place to vent, able tobe a plave to deliver our hobby such as writing, to
make promotion, and able to avoid stress.

The negative impact of social networks for teens and children are the
social networking sites they have. They will feel addicted and do not care
about time, do not care about the surroundings, lack of socialization with
the environment, waste of money and credit, prone to dispute or
misunderstanding, often social media can be a place that the fraud can
be occured, and social media can damage the health of the eye of
children or people who use them.

Baca Juga: Contoh Discussion Text About Internet Terbaru

The conclusion that can be drawn is that social networking does have
many benefits, but it can not be denied that social networks also have a
wide range of hazards and other consequences like many boys and girls
open social networking sites during school hours.

Therefore, the teens and the children should use social networks wisely
and be able to sort the time between learning and opening the social
networking sites so they will not regret the impacts later. At school, the
students should have a training or socialization from adolescents, such
as the teachers, so that later they are able to understand how the
devastating impact of social networks on an ongoing basis so that it
might be expected that the teens can be aware of and understand their
obligations or duties as the students.

Baca Juga: Contoh Pidato Bahasa Inggris Tentang Kebersihan

Artinya:

Jaringan Sosial dan Pengaruhnya pada Kalangan


Muda
Facebook, Twitter, dan situs jejaring sosial lainnya merupakan aplikasi
teknologi yang sekarang populer di kalangan remaja maupun anak-anak.
Dengan adanya website atau jejaring sosial seperti ini, kita dapat
memperluas beberapa hal, baik memperluas kekerabatan atau
persahabatan dengan masyarakat luas, tidak hanya dalam lingkup
lingkungan itu sendiri, tetapi juga dalam berbagai lapisan masyarakat,
lingkungan dan status sosial. Jejaring sosial sekarang menjadi suatu
keharusan bagi orang-orang muda untuk memilikinya.

Oleh karena itu, situs jejaring sosial telah memberikan dampak positif
maupun negatif bagi orang – orang yang memilikinya. Dampak positif
dari jejaring sosial yaitu kita dapat memiliki banyak teman, dapat
menyatukan kekerabatan yang belum terlihat atau telah putus, dapat
berbagi informasi, dapat menjadi tempat curhat, dapat menjadi tempat
untuk menyalurkan hobi kita seperti menulis, dapat membuat promosi,
dan dapat menghindari stres.

Dampak negatif dari jejaring sosial untuk para remaja dan anak-anak
adalah situs jejaring sosial yang mereka miliki itu sendiri. Mereka akan
merasa ketagihan dan tidak peduli tentang waktu, tidak peduli dengan
lingkungan di sekitar mereka, kurangnya sosialisasi dengan lingkungan,
jejaring sosial hanya membuang-buang uang dan kredit, jejaring sosial
dapat menjadi tempat yang rawan sengketa atau kesalahpahaman,
sering terjadinya penipuan di jejaring sosial, dan dapat merusak
kesehatan mata anak – anak atau siapa pun yang menggunakannya.
Baca Juga: 40 Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris Kelas 4 SD Semester 1

Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah bahwa situs jejaring sosial


memang memiliki banyak manfaat, tetapi tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa
jaringan sosial juga memiliki berbagai bahaya dan konsekuensi lain
seperti banyak anak laki-laki dan perempuan yang membuka situs
jejaring sosial selama jam sekolah masih berlangsung.

Oleh karena itu, para remaja atau anak – anak harus menggunakan situs
jejaring sosial secara bijaksana dan mampu memilah waktu antara
belajar dan membuka situs jejaring sosial yang mereka miliki sehingga
mereka tidak akan menyesali dampaknya di kemudian hari. Di sekolah,
para siswa harus mendapatkan pelatihan atau sosialisasi dari orang yang
lebih dewasa seperti para guru sehingga nantinya mereka dapat
memahami bagaimana dampak buruk dari jejaring sosial secara
berkelanjutan sehingga mungkin diharapkan bahwa para remaja dapat
menyadari dan memahami kewajiban atau tugas-tugas mereka sebagai
siswa.

Demikianlah contoh Discussion Text mengenai sosial media. Sosial


media memiliki berbagai kelebihan dan kekurangan. Sudah sepatutnya
kita menggunakannya secara wajar dan sesuai dengan keperluan kita.

Discussion Text: Pros and Cons of Social Networking for


Students

Nowadays, social networking is used by most people in the world. They use social
networking to connect and communicate with their friends, their relative, and even
their teacher or lecturer.

Students who are using social networking will get many advantages because social
networking is not only used for communication purpose only but also knowledge
that is shared in the internet every its hour. And there are some advantages from
using social networking. First, social networking users share among themselves day
in and day out, giving and receiving information at rapid speeds. This information is
more than funny cat videos. They share views and opinions; tips and tricks and
among students, helpful information for classes. Their ability to access, analyze,
retain and share information is skyrocketing and they often don’t even realize
they’re developing these skills. Second, social networking anyway helps students in
interacting with one another and share ideas. This helps in improving student’s
creativity because they can share their creative original work like poetry and film to
their friends or other people. The last, students are developing a positive attitude
towards using technology systems, editing and customizing content, and thinking
about online design and layout.

On the other hand, social networking has bad impact for students. Social networking
is like drugs that are makes students addicted. Students will always access their
account in the internet such as facebook, twitter, and even instagram almost every
day. That will make students lazier and less focus on their lesson in school. Social
networking also brings harm than good for students becausestudents who use social
networking sites are prone to social isolation. Social networking can exacerbate
feelings of disconnect especially for youth with disabilities and put children at
higher risk for depression, low self-esteem, and eating disorders. The "passive
consumption" of social media like scanning posts without commenting is related to
loneliness.

From all of the fact about advantages and disadvantages of using social networking,
students must choose appropriate sites that will helps their study and try not to
addicted to the internet. Just keep on students mind that as a younger generation
they have to smarter to choose what the best for them and what positive knowledge
that they can get from using social networking

CRITICAL READING
What Is Critical Reading?
Note: These remarks are primarily directed at non-fictional texts.

Facts v. Interpretation
To non -critical readers, texts provide facts. Readers gain knowledge by
memorizing the statements within a text.

To the critical reader, any single text provides but one portrayal of the facts, one
individual’s “take” on the subject matter. Critical readers thus recognize not
onlywhat a text says, but also how that text portrays the subject matter. They
recognize the various ways in which each and every text is the unique creation of
a unique author.

A non-critical reader might read a history book to learn the facts of the situation or
to discover an accepted interpretation of those events. A critical reader might read
the same work to appreciate how a particular perspective on the events and a
particular selection of facts can lead to particular understanding.

What a Text Says, Does, and Means: Reaching for an


Interpretation
Non-critical reading is satisfied with recognizing what a text says and restating the
key remarks.

Critical reading goes two steps further. Having recognized what a text says , it
reflects on what the text does by making such remarks. Is it offering
examples? Arguing? Appealing for sympathy? Making a contrast to clarify a
point? Finally, critical readers then infer what the text, as a whole, means , based
on the earlier analysis.

These three steps or modes of analysis are reflected in three types of reading and
discussion:

 What a text says – restatement


 What a text does – description
 What a text means – interpretation .

You can distinguish each mode of analysis by the subject matter of the discussion:

 What a text says – restatement – talks about the same topic as the
original text
 What a text does – description – discusses aspects of the discussion itself
 What a text means – interpretation — analyzes the text and asserts a
meaning for the text as a whole

Goals of Critical Reading


Textbooks on critical reading commonly ask students to accomplish certain goals:

 to recognize an author’s purpose


 to understand tone and persuasive elements
 to recognize bias

Notice that none of these goals actually refers to something on the page. Each
requires inferences from evidence within the text:

 recognizing purpose involves inferring a basis for choices of content and


language
 recognizing tone and persuasive elements involves classifying the nature
of language choices
 recognizing bias involves classifying the nature of patterns of choice of
content and language

Critical reading is not simply close and careful reading. To read critically, one must
actively recognize and analyze evidence upon the page.

Analysis and Inference: The Tools of Critical Reading


These web pages are designed to take the mystery out of critical reading. They
are designed to show you what to look for ( analysis ) and how to think about
what you find ( inference ) .

The first part —what to look for— involves recognizing those aspects of a
discussion that control the meaning.

The second part —how to think about what you find— involves the processes of
inference, the interpretation of data from within the text.

Recall that critical reading assumes that each author offers a portrayal of the topic.
Critical reading thus relies on an examination of those choices that any and all
authors must make when framing a presentation: choices of content, language,
and structure. Readers examine each of the three areas of choice, and consider
their effect on the meaning.

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