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1/2 cycle (momentary) bracing bus bar (apertura breakers bajo voltaje)
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30 cycles (of relay) (actua rele)
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In the design of electrical power systems, the ANSI Standard Device Numbers
(ANSI /IEEE Standard C37.2) denote what features a protective device supports (such as
a relay or circuit breaker). These types of devices protect electrical systems and
components from damage when an unwanted event occurs, such as an electrical fault.
Device numbers are used to identify the functions of devices shown on a schematic
diagram. Function descriptions are given in the standard.
ANSI/IEEE C37.2-2008 is one of a continuing series of revisions of the standard, which
originated in 1928.
4 - Master Contactor
5 - Stopping Device
9 - Reversing Device
11 - Multi-function Device
12 - Overspeed Device
13 - Synchronous-speed Device
14 - Underspeed Device
21 - Distance Relay
27 - Undervoltage Relay
28 - Flame detector
30 - Annunciator Relay
33 - Position Switch
52 - AC Circuit Breaker
59 - Overvoltage Relay
63 - Pressure Switch
65 - Governor
70 - Rheostat
72 - DC Circuit Breaker
73 - Load-Resistor Contactor
74 - Alarm Relay
75 - Position Changing Mechanism
76 - DC Overcurrent Relay
77 - Telemetering Device
79 - AC Reclosing Relay
80 - Flow Switch
81 - Frequency Relay
82 - DC Reclosing Relay
84 - Operating Mechanism
86 - Lockout Relay
89 - Line Switch
90 - Regulating Device
HST - Historian
References
1. ^ a b Applied Protective Relaying 1979 by Westinghouse Electric Corporation, 2nd
Printing, "Appendix II, Electrical Power System Device Numbers and Functions" as
adopted by IEEE standard and incorporated in American Standard C37.2-1970.
IEEE Standard for Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers,
59--BUS OVERVOLTAGE
67--DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT
71-- BAJO NIVEL DE ACEITE
81--BUS OVER/UNDERFREQUENCY
87-- PROTECCIÓN DIFERENCIAL
12--Sobrevelocidad
21--Distancia
24--Voltios /Hz
27--Minima tensión.
50/27--energizacion accidental del generador
32--Potencia inversa/minima potencia directa
38--Sobretemperatura de los Rodamientos (RTD)
39--Vibracion de rodamientos (entradas analogicas)
40--Perdida de exitacion (impedancia)
40Q--Perdida de campo (potencia reactiva)
87G--Diferencial
12--Sobrevelocidad
21--Distancia
24--Voltios /Hz
25--Sync Check
25A--Auto syncronizing
78--Out of step
27--Minima tensión.
50/27--energizacion accidental del generador
32--Potencia inversa/minima potencia directa
38--Sobretemperatura de los Rodamientos (RTD)
39--Vibracion de rodamientos (entradas analogicas)
40--Perdida de exitacion (impedancia)
40Q--Perdida de campo (potencia reactiva)
46--sobre intencidad de secuencia negativa (I2«2t)
47--inversion de fases de tension
49--termica de estator (RTD/Modelo termico)
50--Sobreintensidad de fases
50bf--fallo del interruptor
50--Sobreintensidad generada off.line (50IE) Inadverted Energization
50/51GN--Sobreintencidad de tierra
51V--Sobreintencidad con frenado por tension
59--Maxima tension
59GN/27TN--100% tierra estator
60FL--Fallo de fusible
67--Direccional de tierra
76--Sobreexitacion (entrada analogica)
81--Maxima /Minima frecuencia
86--Bloqueo electrico
87G--Diferencial
APUNTES NEC
CABLE TRAY
GROUNDING
Equipo alimentado con 150v ymenor voltaje, alimentado desde paneles de distribucion, tales como
Lamparas y receptaculos pueden ser puestos a tierra a traves del sistema de cables.
El conductor de tierra de equipos deben ser del tamano requerido por NEC con los siguientes calibres
minimos, calibres no especificados aqui o en graficos deben estar de acuerdo a los requerimientos de la
NEC o codigos locales.
MOTORES 4000V y mayores, en todos los tamanos 4\0 AWG (2 conexiones)
460V, 15HP y menores 6AWG
460V, 16HP a 60HP 2AWG
460V, sobre 60HP 4\0AWG
480V, motores accionamiento de valvulas - En la misma forma que los motores a 460V.
CUTTLE Hammer
Magnum DS Breaker Control Voltages and Currents
Control Voltage 24 DC 48 DC 125 DC 120 AC 240 AC
Close Current (SR), Amperes 0.67 0.59
Shunt Trip Current, Amperes 0.67 0.59
Spring Charge Motor, Amperes 3 3
Control Voltage Range:
Close — 100-140 104-127
Trip — 70-140 60-127
Motor currents are running currents. Inrush is approximately 400%. Motor running time to charge
spring approximately 5 seconds
ajf
Men
•Perception Threshold
-0.001 Amps (1 mA)
•Painful Shock
-0.009 Amps (9 mA)
•Cannot Leg-Go Level
-0.010 Amps (10 mA)
•Ventricular Fibrillation
-0.100 Amps (100 mA) 3 Seconds
-0.200 Amps (200 mA) 1 Second
•Heart Failure
-0.5 Amps (500 mA)
•Organ Burn and Cell Breakdown
•1.5 Amps (1500 mA)
•Women
•Perception Threshold
-0.0007 Amps (0.7 mA)
•Painful Shock
-0.0012 Amps (1.2 mA)
•Cannot Leg-Go Level
-0.010 Amps (10 mA)
•Ventricular Fibrillation
-0.100 Amps (100 mA) 3 Seconds
-0.200 Amps (200 mA) 1 Second
•Heart Failure
-0.5 Amps
•Organ Burn and Cell Breakdown
-1.5 Amps
Taking into account the characteristics of the fluids handle in our facilities,
they correspond to the "D" Group, as part of the Class I Group Classification,
which means those areas in which flammable gases or may be
present in the air in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitible
mixtures.
A) Class I, Division 1.
An area in which:
1. Ignitible concentrations of flammable gases or vapors can exist under
normal operating conditions.
B) Class I, Division 2.
An area:
1. In which volatile flammable liquids or flammable gases are handled,
processed, or used, but in which the liquids, vapors, or gases will
normally be confined within closed containers or closed systems from
which they can escape only in case of accidental rupture or breakdown
of such containers or systems, or in case of abnormal operation of
equipment.
1.METALCLAD
This means complete enclosure of all live parts and separation of major portions of the
circuit to retard the spread of faults to others compartments.
A 95.0
B 95.0 94.1
C 94.1 93.0
D 93.0 91.7
E 91.7 90.2
F 90.2 88.5
G 88.5 86.5
H 86.5 84.0
K 84.0 81.5
L 81.5 78.5
M 78.5 75.5
N 75.5 72.0
P 72.0 68.0
R 68.0 64.0
S 64.0 59.5
T 59.5 55.0
U 55.0 50.5
V 50.5 46.0
W 46.0
2.GENERADORES.
rpm=7200/n.polos (60hz)
g.electrico=g.geometrico*npolos/2
STANDBY RATING
Typical Load Factor: 60% or lees
Typical hours per year: 500h
Typical peak demand: 80% of standby rated ekW with 100% of rating available for the duration of an
emergency outage
Typical application: building services standby and enclosed/sheltered enviroment.
PRIME RATING
Typical Load Factor: 60% to 70%
Typical hours per year: no limit
Typical peak demand: 100% of rating used occasionally
Typical application: industrial pumping construction peak shaving or cogeneration.
CONTINUOUS RATING
Typical Load Factor: 70% to 100%
Typical hours per year: no limit
Typical peak demand: 80% of standby rated ekW with 100% of rating available for the duration of an
emergency outage
Typical application: base load utility, cogeneration, parallel operation.
ISO 8528-1
4. CORTOCIRCUITOS
I=S/(raiz(3)*VL)
I*1.6=kA asimetricos rms.
I*2.7=kA.asimetricos pico.
Luego para comparar contra los eqvipos se usa un factor de proteccion de un 20% apro
ximadamente
Comparacion CC versus Capacidad de CC de equipos.
5. ARRANQUE DE MOTORES
norma Ansi c84.1-1995 y ansi/nema MG1-2003 permiten una caida maxima del 10% de la
tension de placa de los motores durante el tiempo de arranque de los mismos. 0.5seg y
1min.
6. ESTABILIDAD
....
...
List of NEMA Enclosure Definitions & Applications
What does NEMA 4 rated mean? In non-hazardous locations, there are several
different NEMA ratings for specific enclosure "types", their applications, and the
environmental conditions they are designed to protect against, when completely
and properly installed. The following provides an overview of the NEMA Types.
For complete definitions, descriptions, and test criteria, see the National
Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standards Publication No. 250.
NEMA 1
Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to
personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment and to provide
a degree of protection against falling dirt.
NEMA 1 Enclosure
Definition: Intended for indoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection
against (hand) contact with enclosed equipment.
Applications: NEMA 1 industrial enclosures are typically used for protecting
controls and terminations from objects and personnel. This style of enclosure,
while offering a latching door, does not have a gasketed sealing surface. NEMA 1
enclosures are used in applications where sealing out dust, oil, and water is not
required. Motor start/stop stations are often housed in NEMA 1 enclosures.
Usually, a low cost enclosure but suitable for clean and dry environments.
Custom Tigerbox™ enclosures are available for electronics applications.
NEMA 2
Same as NEMA 1 including protection against dripping and light splashing of
liquids.
NEMA 2 Enclosure
Definition: Intended for indoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection
against limited amounts of falling dirt and water.
Applications: NEMA 1 industrial enclosures are typically used for protecting
controls and terminations from objects and personnel. This style of enclosure,
while offering a latching door, does not have a gasketed sealing surface. NEMA 2
enclosures are used in applications where sealing out dust, oil, and water is not
required. Motor start/stop stations are sometimes housed in NEMA 2 enclosures.
This is a low cost enclosure also. Custom Tigerbox™ enclosure are available for
electronics applications.
NEMA 3
Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of
protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment;
to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, snow, and
windblown dust; and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on
the enclosure.
NEMA 3 Enclosure
Definition: Intended for outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection
against windblown dust, rain, and sleet; undamaged by ice which forms on the
enclosure.
Applications: NEMA 3 electrical enclosures are typically used in outdoor
applications for wiring and junction boxes. This style of enclosure provides
protection against windblown dust, falling rain, sleet, snow, and external ice
formation. Indoors they protect against dripping water. Note that this style of
enclosure has a gasket sealing surface. Some models have hasps for
padlocking. The Tigerbox™ NEMA 3 Enclosures are available with durable
gasket seals for both indoor and outdoor applications.
NEMA 3R
Same as NEMA 3 excluding protection against windblown dust.
NEMA 3R Enclosure
Definition: Intended for outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection
against falling rain and sleet; undamaged by ice which forms on the enclosure.
Applications: NEMA 3R electrical enclosures are typically used in outdoor
applications for wiring and junction boxes. This style of enclosure provides
protection against falling rain, sleet, snow, and external ice formation. Indoors
they protect against dripping water. Note that this style of enclosure does not
have a gasketed sealing surface. Some models have hasps for padlocking. The
Tigerbox™ NEMA 3 Enclosures are available with optional gasket seals for both
indoor and outdoor applications.
NEMA 3S
Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of
protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment;
to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, snow, and
windblown dust; and in which the external mechanism(s) remain operable when
ice laden.
NEMA 4
Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of
protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment;
to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, snow, windblown
dust, splashing water, and hose-directed water; and that will be undamaged by
the external formation of ice on the enclosure.
NEMA 4 Enclosure
Definition:Intended for indoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against windblown dust and
rain, splashing water, and hose directed water; undamage by ice which forms on the enclosure.
Applications: NEMA 4 industrial enclosures are used in many applications for occasional washdown occurs
or where machine tool cutter coolant is used and sprayed. The Nema 4 enclosure also serve well in
applications where there is possibly dripping water in a building. NEMA 4 enclosures must have quality
seal gasket to prevent water ingress and the door is typically clamped for maximum sealing. Tigerbox™
Nema 4 are commonly have continuous hinges, mounting feet and sometimes padlock hasps. Tough
Tigerbox™ NEMA 4 enclosures are available in sizes from small wall mounts to two-door floor mount
enclosure models.
NEMA 4X
Same as NEMA 4 including protection against corrosion.
NEMA 4X Enclosure
Definition:Intended for indoor or outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against corrosion,
windblown dust and rain, splashing water, and hose directed water; undamaged by ice which forms on the
enclosure.
Applications: NEMA 4X enclosures are typically made of stainless steel or plastic. These NEMA
enclosures are used in harsher environments than standard NEMA 4 units. Applications where corrosive
materials (for example saltwater) and caustic cleaners are used necessitate the use of a NEMA 4X
enclosure. A few examples are applications for sanitary poultry processing facilities (where total washdown
with disinfectants occur repeatedly), petro-chemical refineries and offshore drilling platforms for oil and
natural gas. NEMA 4X is used when protection from the worst environments is required. NEMA 4X
industrial enclosures are available in sizes from small wall mounts to two-door floor mount models. The
Tigerbox™ NEMA 4X enclosures are available in 304 & 316 stainless steel. Tough Tigerbox™ Nema 4X
enclosures are available with continuous hinges, mounting feet and sometimes padlock hasps. Tigerbox™
NEMA 4X enclosures are offered in sizes from small wall mounts to two-door floor mount enclosure
models. Also, stainless steel passivation for additional corrosion protection is available on request for all
the stainless steel products.
NEMA 5
Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to
personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a
degree of protection against falling dirt; against settling airborne dust, lint, fibers,
and to provide a degree of protection against dripping and light splashing of
liquids.
NEMA 6
Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of
protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment;
to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against hose-directed water
and the entry of water during occasional temporary submersion at a limited
depth; and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the
enclosure.
NEMA 6 Enclosure
Definition:Intended for indoor or outdoors which occasional temporary submersion is encountered.
Applications: NEMA 6 enclosures are typically made of carbon steel, stainless steel or plastic. These
NEMA 6 enclosures are used for any application to protect equipment from temporary submersion in water
but not any salt water, acidic fluids, oils or flammable. A few examples are applications for any heavy
washdown for cleaning or temporary submersion from rainwater but not prolonged. The Tough Tigerbox™
NEMA 6 enclosures are available in carbon steel, 304 & 316 stainless steel and available with continuous
hinges, mounting feet and sometimes special fittings for applications. Tigerbox™ NEMA 6 enclosures are
offered in sizes from small wall mounts to single-door medium size floor mount styles. Also, stainless steel
passivation for additional corrosion protection is available on request for all the stainless steel products.
NEMA 6P
Same as NEMA 6 including protection against the entry of water during
prolonged submersion at a limited depth.
NEMA 6p Enclosure
Definition:Intended for indoor or outdoors which occasional prolonged submersion is encountered.
Corrosion protection is required.
Applications: NEMA 6p enclosures are mostly made of 304/316 stainless steel for industrial applications
and sometimes plastic for inexpensive electronics. The NEMA 6 enclosures are used applications in
applications where more protection is needed and there might be water submersion. Applications where
corrosive materials (for example saltwater) and caustic cleaners are used necessitate the use of a NEMA 6
enclosure. Tough Tigerbox™ Nema 6p enclosures are available with special configurations that are unique
for each customer's applications. And the Tigerbox™ NEMA 6p enclosures are offered in sizes from small
wall mounts to two-door floor mount enclosure models. Also, stainless steel passivation for additional
corrosion protection is available on request for all the stainless steel products.
NEMA 7
Enclosures are for indoor use in locations classified as Class I, Groups A, B, C,
or D and shall be capable of withstanding the pressures resulting from an internal
explosion of specified gases, and contain such an explosion sufficiently that an
explosive gas-air mixture existing in the atmosphere surrounding the enclosure
will not be ignited. Enclosed heat generating devices shall not cause external
surfaces to reach temperatures capable of igniting explosive gas-air mixtures in
the surrounding atmosphere. Enclosures shall meet explosion, hydro-static, and
temperature design tests.
NEMA 7 Enclosure
Definition:Enclosures are for indoor use in locations classified as Class I, Groups A, B, C, or D and shall be
capable of withstanding the pressures resulting from an internal explosion of specified gases, and contain
such an explosion sufficiently that an explosive gas-air mixture existing in the atmosphere surrounding the
enclosure will not be ignited. Enclosed heat generating devices shall not cause external surfaces to reach
temperatures capable of igniting explosive gas-air mixtures in the surrounding atmosphere. Enclosures shall
meet explosion, hydro-static, and temperature design tests.
Applications: NEMA 7 enclosures are mostly made of heavy cast iron, cast stainless steel or cast
aluminum. The cover flange and the base flange are machined flat and even for a type surface fit. The
enclosures are typically used in facortories, chemical refineries or offshore drilling platforms.
NEMA 9
Enclosures are intended for indoor use in locations classified as Class II, Groups
E, F, or G, and shall be capable of preventing the entrance of dust. Enclosed
heat generating devices shall not cause external surfaces to reach temperatures
capable of igniting or discoloring dust on the enclosure or igniting dust-air
mixtures in the surrounding atmosphere. Enclosures shall meet dust penetration
and temperature design tests, and aging of gaskets (if used).
NEMA 9 Enclosure
Definition:Enclosures are intended for indoor use in locations classified as Class II, Groups E, F, or G, and
shall be capable of preventing the entrance of dust. Enclosed heat generating devices shall not cause
external surfaces to reach temperatures capable of igniting or discoloring dust on the enclosure or igniting
dust-air mixtures in the surrounding atmosphere. Enclosures shall meet dust penetration and temperature
design tests, and aging of gaskets (if used).
Applications:NEMA 7 enclosures are mostly made of heavy cast iron, cast stainless steel or cast aluminum.
The cover flange and the base flange are machined flat and even for a type surface fit. The enclosures are
typically used in facortories, chemical refineries, offshore drilling platforms or dusty environment.
NEMA 12
Enclosures constructed (without knockouts) for indoor use to provide a degree of
protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment;
to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against circulating dust, lint,
fibers, and against dripping and light splashing of liquids.
NEMA 12 Enclosure
Definition:- Enclosures constructed (without knockouts) for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to
personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against
falling dirt; against circulating dust, lint, fibers, and against dripping and light splashing of liquids.
NEMA 12 enclosures are designed to prevent the ingress of dust, water, and oil. NEMA 12 enclosures are
most often used for indoor applications of automation control and electronic drives systems. Some
examples are packaging, material handling, non-corrosive process control, and manufacturing applications.
Gasketed doors seal the enclosure's contents from airborne contaminants and non-pressurized water and oil.
These NEMA enclosures are available in sizes from small wall mounts to two-door floor mount models
NEMA 12K
Same as NEMA 12 including enclosures constructed with knockouts.
NEMA 13
Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to
personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a
degree of protection against falling dirt; against circulating dust, lint, fibers, and
against the spraying, splashing, and seepage of water, oil, and non-corrosive
coolants.
Notes for NEMA 4 & 12 Enclosures
Nemaco's “412” enclosures combine the attributes of NEMA 4 and NEMA 12 in an
attractive, clean line enclosure. This enclosure features reversible doors for left or right
opening, concealed hinges or removable hinges available and mounting feet are available
for conventional wall mounting. Sometimes rear mounting holes with seals are available
for a more attractive installation. Nemaco's enclosures are available from small sizes to
large buildings.
4. CORTOCIRCUITOS
I=S/(raiz(3)*VL)
I*1.6=kA asimetricos rms.
I*2.7=kA.asimetricos pico.
Luego para comparar contra los eqvipos se usa un factor de proteccion de un 20% apro
ximadamente
1.METALCLADThis means complete enclosure of all live parts and separation of major
portions of the circuit to retard the spread of faults to others compartments.
2.GENERADORES.
rpm=7200/n.polos (60hz)
g.electrico=g.geometrico*npolos/2
.
STANDBY RATING
Typical Load Factor: 60% or lees
Typical hours per year: 500h
Typical peak demand: 80% of standby rated ekW with 100% of rating available for the duration
of an emergency outage
Typical application: building services standby and enclosed/sheltered enviroment.
PRIME RATING
Typical Load Factor: 60% to 70%
Typical hours per year: no limit
Typical peak demand: 100% of rating used ocationali
Typical application: industrial pumping construction peak shaving or cogeneration.
CONTINUOUS RATING
Typical Load Factor: 70% to 100%
Typical hours per year: no limit
Typical peak demand: 80% of standby rated ekW with 100% of rating available for the duration
of an emergency outage
Typical application: base load utility, cogeneration, parallel operation.
ISO 8528-1
CONTINUOS OPERATING POWER
is the power a generator set can operate at a continuous load for an unlimited number of hours
under stated ambient conditions
PRIME RUNING POWER
is the maximun power a generation set has during a variable power sequence for an unlimited
numbers of hours under stated ambient conditions.
LIMITED TIME RUNNING POWER
ls the maximun power that a generator set delivers for up to 500h per year under stated ambient
conditions.