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LIMPIA
Thermodynamics
Surroundings -
where we make
our observations. Source: UN
BOUNDARY
Types of Systems
Open - exchanges matter
Matter
and energy with
surroundings. Energy
Isolated - no interchange
with surroundings.
Thermodynamics
First Law
Law of conservation of
energy.
Source: UN
The Laws of Thermodynamics
Second Law
Heat cannot be transfer
from a colder to a hotter
body. Entropy of a
system always remains
constant or increases with
time
Source: UN
The Second Law (Kelvin)
No process is possible in which the sole
result is the absorption of heat from a
reservoir and its complete conversion
into work.
In other words, |w| < qh and the efficiency
of a heat engine is necessarily less than
100%.
Heat Engines
A heat engine converts Th
heat into work.
qh
Th = T of heat source
Tc = T of heat sink Engine w
qh = heat supplied
qc = heat released qc
w = net work produced
Tc
Source: UN
Efficiency
Efficiency on energy transformation is
less than 1 (<100 %).
EI EO EO / EI < 1
ED
The Third Law
Third Law
The third law of thermodynamics states that if
all the thermal motion of molecules could be
removed, a state called absolute zero would
occur. Absolute zero results in a temperature
of 0 Kelvins or -273,15° Celsius.
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
Two systems that are separately in
thermal equilibrium with a third system
are also in thermal equilibrium with one
another.