BRIDGES SECTION PROJECT NOTE 42/91 Design 1 BS5400 : Part 4 Ciause 6.4.1 states that moments and shear forces due to concentrated oad in slab bridges and in the top slabs of beam and slab, voided stab and box beam bridges can be obtained from elastic analysis such as those due to Westergaard or Pucher (Ref. (i) and (j)). For cantilever stabs, design charts prepared by Sawko (Re. (i)) can be adopted to evaluate the design forces. 2. ‘The references mentioned above can provide the influence surfaces of forces in terms of forces per unit length at a design point. In determining the design forces induced by a Wheel, the size of the load including dispersal of it to the concrete stab should be taken into account. Although the cade has allowed the dispersal of loads down to the neutral axis of the structural concrete slab (B$5400 part 2 clause 6.2.3), for simplicity, the dispersal should only be made down to the top surface as itis for punching shear design (€S5400 part 4 clause 5.4.4.2). A rectangular or circular patch load is assumed in BS5400 : Part 2 clause 6.3.2. 3. ‘The total design force at a particular design point can be calculated by superimposing all the forces induced by a given pattern of whee! loads acting on the slab, The wheel loads should be located at a position to produce the most critical design forces, In general only ‘one ax'e of HB load needs to be considered. The effect of the ather axles on the design section is negligible. 4 Ref (il) produced only a design chart (Table 23) for the shear force influence surface for the comer point at the free transverse edge of a semi-plate-strip with two simply ‘supported longitudinal edges. For infinite long slab, it is suggested that the shear force can be assumed to be halved of the value. 5 tt should be noted that design charts in Ret (ii) are mainly prepared for the moment or shear due to a concentrated load acting within a slab of infinite length. Therefore, for load ‘acting near the free edge of the slab, i is recommended that the moment or shear be assumed to be twice of those obtained from an infinitely long slab. Reinforcement should bbe provided for the increased design forces at the free edge over a length equal to 0.6 times the span of the stab which is based on the assumption of 60 degree horizontal spread of load. Towards support 1 the edge ‘Actual shgar/length Design shear/tengtn6 The total maximum design forces per unit length including the bending moment and shear force obtained from the design charts and modified as per paragraphs 4 and § should be used for the determination of reinforcement across the section, cA In addition to the flexural shear which is normally not a critical forces for siab design under a concentrated load, the slab should be checked for punching shear. In this case, Gispersal of wheel loads should be taken to the top surface of the concrete siab only (885400 part 4, Clause 5.4.4.2). Guidance on the punching shear design is given in Project Note 19/88 and the detailed design procedure given in 855400 : Part 4 Clause 5.4.42 can be followed 8 Reference 0 Computation of stresses in bridge slabs due to whee! loads. Public roads, Vol. 2, No. 1 March 1930 - Westergaard H.M. w. Influence Surfaces of Elastic Plates Wien. New York - A. Pucher i) Design of cantilever slabs for Spine Beam Bridges University of Liverpool - F. Sawko. wo Reinforced Conerete Designer's Handbook, 10th edition, E & FN SPON - C.E. Reynolds Lsm File: JOB\PN4291 Date: 4/12/91