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MIXTURE & ALLIGATION

Simple Mixture : When two different ingredients are mixed Let Mixture 1 has ingredients A and B in ratio a : b
together, it is known as a simple mixture. and Mixture 2 has ingredients A and B in ratio x : y.
Compound Mixture : When two or more simple mixtures are mixed Now, M unit of mixture 1 and N unit of mixture 2 are mixed to
together to form another mixture, it is known as a compound mixture. form compound mixture. Then, in the resultant mixture, the
Alligation : Alligation is nothing but a faster technique of solving ratio of A and B is
problems based on the weighted average situation as applied to a x
M N
the case of two groups being mixed together. Quantity of ingredient A q A a b x y
The word ‘Alligation’ literally means ‘linking’. (i)
Quantity of ingredient B q B b y
Alligation rule : It states that when different quantities of M N
a b x y
the same or different ingredients of different costs are mixed
together to produce a mixture of a mean cost, the ratio of And,
their quantities is inversely proportional to the difference in qA
Quantity of A in resultant mixture (M N)
their cost from the mean cost. qA q B
Quantity of Cheaper Price of Dearer Mean Price qB
Quantity of Dearer Mean Price Price of Cheaper Quantity of B in resultant mixture (M N)
qA q B
Graphical representation of Alligation Rule : (ii) When qA and qB are known and M and N have to be found
Quantity Quantity out
a b
x qA
Mean
Quantity of mixture 1 Q1 x y qA qB
Average (d)
Quantity of mixture 2 Q2 qA a
qA qB a b
b–d d–a
And,
Quantity of a b d Quantity of mixture 1
Quantity of b d a Q1
× Quantity of resultant mixture
Price of the Mixture : Q1 Q 2
When quantities Qi of ingredients Mi’s with the cost Ci’s Quantity of mixture 2
are mixed then cost of the mixture Cm is given by
Q2
Ci Q i × Quantity of resultant mixture
Cm Q1 Q 2
Qi Removal and Replacement
Straight line approach of Alligation (i) Let a vessel contains Q unit of mixture of ingredients A and
Let Q1 and Q2 be the two quantities, and n1 and n2 are the num- B. From this, R unit of mixture is taken out and replaced by
ber of elements present in the two quantities respectively, an equal amount of ingredient B only.
Q1 Q2 If this process is repeated n times, then after n operations
Av n
Quantity of A left R
1
Quantity of A originally present Q
n1 n2
and Quantity of B left = Q – Quantity of A Left
where Av is the average of the new group formed then n 1 corre-
(ii) Let a vessel contains Q unit of ingredient A only. From this
sponds to Q 2 – Av, n 2 corresponds to Av – Q 1 and R unit of ingredient A is taken out and replaced by an equal
(n1 + n2) corresponds to Q2 – Q1. amount of ingredient B.
Let us consider the previous example. If this process is repeated n times, then after n operations,
Alligation Rule for Compound Mixture : Remember that in n
R
compound mixture, same mixtures i.e., mixtures of same Quantity of A left = Q 1
ingredients are mixed together in different proportion to Q
make a new mixture. Quantity of B = 1 – Quantity of A left
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EXERCISE
1. Gold is 19 times as heavy as water and copper is 9 times 10. Sameer bought 10 kg of tea at ` 45 per kg and 8 kg at ` 50
heavy. In what ratio must these metals be mixed so that the per kg. He mixed both the brands and sold it at a total profit
mixture may be 15 times as heavy as water? of ` 32. What was the selling price per kg of the mixture?
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2 (a) ` 48 (b) ` 50
(c) 1 : 3 (d) 2 : 1
(c) ` 49 (d) ` 47
2. Six litres of a 20% solution of alcohol in water are mixed with
4 litres of a 60% solution of alcohol in water. The % alcoholic 11. Five litres of water is added to a certain quantity of pure
strength of the mixture is milk costing ` 3 per litre. If by selling the mixture at the same
(a) 80 (b) 40 price as before, a profit of 20% is made, what is the amount
(c) 36 (d) 48 of pure milk in the mixture?
3. A merchant lent out `1,000 in two parts, one at 8% and the (a) 22 litres (b) 25 litres
other at 10% interest. The yearly average comes out to be (c) 27 litres (d) None of these
9.2%. Find the amount lent in two parts. 12. A jar full of whisky contains 40% alcohol. A part of this
(a) ` 400, ` 600 (b) ` 500, ` 500 whisky is replaced by another containing 19% alcohol and
(c) ` 300, ` 700 (d) cannot be determined now the percentage of alcohol was found to be 26%. The
4. How many kg of salt at 42 paise per kg must a man mix with quantity of whisky replaced is:
25 kg of salt at 24 paise per kg so that he may, on selling the
mixture at 40 paise per kg gain 25% on the outlay? 1 2
(a) (b)
(a) 15 kg (b) 18 kg 3 3
(c) 20 kg (d) 24 kg
5. Alcohol cost ` 3.50 per litre and kerosene oil cost ` 2.50 per 2 3
(c) (d)
litre. In what proportion these should be mixed so that the 5 5
resulting mixture may be ` 2.75 per litre?
13. How many kg of custard powder costing ` 40 kg must be
(a) 2 : 5 (b) 1 : 3
mixed with 16 kg of custard powder costing ` 55 kg so that
(c) 4 : 7 (d) 2 : 3 25% may be gained by selling the mixture at ` 60 kg?
6. Two liquids are mixed in the proportion of 3 : 2 and the
(a) 11 kg (b) 14 kg
mixture is sold at ` 11 per kg at a 10% profit. If the first liquid
costs ` 2 more per kg than the second, what does it cost per (c) 12 kg (d) 20 kg
litre? 14. From a cask full of milk, 10 litres are taken out of 50 litres and
(a) ` 11 (b) ` 10.50 is filled with water. This was done twice. What is the quantity
(c) ` 11.50 (d) ` 10.80 of milk now left in the cask?
7. A chemist has 10 litres of a solution that is 10 per cent nitric (a) 20 litres (b) 32 litres
acid by volume. He wants to dilute the solution to 4 per cent
(c) 25 litres (d) 30 litres
strength by adding water. How many litres of water must he
add ? 15. Two equal glasses filled with mixtures of alcohol and water
(a) 15 (b) 20 in the proportions of 2 : 1 and 1 : 1 respectively were emptied
(c) 18 (d) 25 into third glass. What is the proportion of alcohol and water
8. A mixture of glycerine and water contains 35% glycerine by in the third glass?
weight. Twenty five grams of water is added to such 100 (a) 5 : 7 (b) 7 : 5
grams of mixture. What % of glycerine by weight is there in (c) 7 : 6 (d) 6 : 7
the new mixture? 16. A butler stole wine from a butt of sherry which contained
(a) 25 (b) 23 32% of spirit and then replaced what he stole, by wine
(c) 29 (d) 28 containing only 18% spirit. The butt was then of 24%
9. A and B are two alloys of gold and copper prepared by strength only. How much of the butt had he stolen?
mixing metals in the ratio 7 : 2 and 7 : 11 respectively. If equal
quantities of the alloys are melted to form a third alloy C, 3 5
(a) (b)
then the ratio of gold and copper in alloy C will be 8 7
(a) 5 : 7 (b) 5 : 9 4 7
(c) 7 : 5 (d) 9 : 5 (c) (d)
7 11

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17. Several litres of acid were drawn off from a 54 litre vessel, 19. An alloy contains copper and zinc in the ratio 5 : 3 and
full of acid and and equal amount of water was added. Again another alloy contains copper and tin in the ratio 8 : 5. If
the same volume of the mixture was drawn off and replaced equal weights of both the alloys are melted together, then
by water. As a result now, the vessel contained 24 litres of the weight of tin in the resulting alloy per kg will be:
pure acid. How much of the acid was drawn off initially ?
26 5
(a) 12 L (a) (b)
5 26
(b) 16 L
(c) 18 L 7 40
(d) 24 L (c) (d)
40 7
18. The number of millilitres of water added to reduce 9 ml of 20. A mixture of Nitric acid and Sulfuric acid is taken in the ratio
aftershave lotion, containing 50% alcohol, to a lotion of 1 : 2 and another mixture of the same is taken in the ratio
containing 30% alcohol is 2 : 3. How many parts of the two mixtures must be taken to
(a) 3 attain a new mixture consisting of Nitric acid and Sulfuric
(b) 4 acid in the ratio of 3 : 5 ?
(c) 5 (a) 3 : 5 (b) 5 : 3
(d) 6 (c) 2 : 3 (d) 3 : 2

ANSWER KEY
1 (b) 6 (d) 11 (b) 16 (c)
2 (c) 7 (a) 12 (b) 17 (c)
3 (a) 8 (d) 13 (b) 18 (d)
4 (c) 9 (c) 14 (b) 19 (b)
5 (b) 10 (c) 15 (b) 20 (a)

HINTS AND EXPLANATIONS

1. (b) By the rule of alligation, we have
100
4. (c) Here, cost price of mixture 40 32 paise
Gold Copper 100 25
19 times 9 times q1 32 24 8 4
q2 42 32 10 5
15 times 4
and hence q1 25 20 kg
5
15 – 9 = 6 19 – 15 = 4 5. (b) By the rule of alligation, we have

6 Cost of Alcohol Cost of Kerosene Oil

Required ratio 3:2 Rs 3.50 ` 2.50
4
6 20 4 60
2. (c) % alcoholic strength in mixture 36 cost of
6 4 mixture
Quantity lent at 8% 10 – 9.2 0.8 2 ` 2.75
3. (a)
Quantity lent at 10% 9.2 8 1.2 3
Quantity of money lent at 8%
2 2.75 – 2.50 = 0.25 3.50 – 2.75 = 0.75
1000 ` 400
2 3
and quantity of money lent at 10% 0.25 1
Required ratio i.e. 1: 3
3 0.75 3
1000 ` 600
2 3
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100 2.5
6. (d) C.P. of mixture 11 ` 10 Ratio of pure milk and water in mixture = 5 :1
100 10 0.5
Let the cost of second liquid be ` x.
For five litres of water, quantity of pure milk
Then, cost of first liquid be ` (x + 2).
= 5 × 5 = 25 litres
(x 2) 3 2x
10 12. (b) By the rule of alligation, we have :
5
5x + 6 = 50 x = ` 8.8
cost of first liquid = ` (8.8 + 2) = ` 10.80 Strength of Strength of
first jar 2nd jar
7. (a) Out of 10 litre of solution, there is 1 litres of nitric acid 40% 19%
and 9 litres of water.
Let x litres of water be added to the solution so that the Mean
diluted solution is of 4% strength. strength
4% of (10 + x) = 1 x = 15. 26%
8. (d) % of glycerine in new mixture
7 14
Original % of glycerine
× 100
mixture weight + water added
So, ratio of 1st and 2nd quantities = 7 : 14 = 1 : 2.
35 2
100 28% Required quantity replaced = .
100 25 3
9. (c) Gold Copper
100 60
Type A 14 4 13. (b) C. P. of mixture ` 48
(100 25)
Type B 7 11
Type C 21 15 Let x kg be mixed. Then,
The ratio of the Gold and Copper in the type C
alloy = 7 : 5. 40 x 55 16
48
16 x
10. (c) C. P. of mixture of 18 kg = 10 × 45 + 8 × 50 = ` 850
S. P. = C. P. + Profit = 850 + 32 = ` 882 8x 16[55 48] x 14 kg
S. P. = ` 882 for 18 kg
10 1
882 14. (b) 10 litres are withdrawn of the whole
S. P. for 1 kg. ` = ` 49 50 5
18
11. (b) Here, S. P. of mixture = C. P. of pure milk = ` 3 per litre Quantity of milk after 2nd operation

100 20 2
C.P. of mixture 1 16
Now, S. P. of mixture 50 1 50 32 litres
100 5 25

3×100
C.P. of mixture =
120
Also, C. P of water = ` 0
By the rule of alligation :
C.P. of pure milk
`3
Rs 2.5 per litre 2 1
15. (b) Alcohol in 1st glass ; water in 1st glass
3 3
1 1
Alcohol in 2nd glass = ; water in 2nd glass =
C.P. of water 2 2
`0
In 3rd glass,

2 1 7 1 1 5
Alcohol ; water =
2.5 (mixture) 3 2 6 3 2 6

7 5
Required ratio : 7 :5
6 6
2.5 0.5

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16. (c) By the rule of alligation, 18. (d) The given solution has 50% alcohol. Water which is to
be added has 0% alcohol concentration.
Alcohol concentration :
Wine containing Wine containing
32% spirit 18% spirit
Original solution water
50% 0%

Wine containing
24 % spirit
30% (mixture)

6 8
30 20

Water should be added in the ratio 2 : 3

Quantity of 32% spirit 6 3
Quantity of 18% spirit 8 4 Quantity of water to be added 2
9 6 ml
3
3 19. (b) The first alloy does not have tin. Therefore, quantity
Now, wine of 32% spirit = of the butt
7 5
of tin in 2 units of the resulting alloy =
13
3 4
The rest part i.e 1 of the butt has been Quantity of tin in one unit of the resulting alloy
7 7
stolen. 5
17. (c) Let a container contains x units of liquid and y units of 5
= 13
liquid is taken out from it. If this operation is repeated 2 26
n times, then the final quantity of the liquid in the
20. (a) By alligation rule
n
y
container is x 1 . CPcheaper CPdearer
x 1/3 2/5
Therefore, from this equation, we have 3/8
2
y 1/40 1/24
24 54 1
54 The ratio in which the two are to be mixed is
(y = amount of acid initially drawn off)
1 1
2 : =3:5
y 24 4 40 24
or 1
54 54 9
y 2
or 1 or x 1
54 3 54 3
or y = 18 litres

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