Name : Ruri Indarti

NIM : 150341600730
Offering : A-A1
Date : February 12, 2018

ENGLISH COMPARED TO BAHASA INDONESIA

Similarities Between the two Languages

1. Both English and bahasa Indonesia use the same 26 letter alphabet, divided similarly
between vowels and consonants. Neither language uses accent marks for any of the 26
letters.

2. The ways of arranging sentences and paragraphs are similar.

Saya (subjek) makan (predikat) nasi (objek) di ruang makan (keterangan tempat).
I (s) eat (p) rice (o) in the dining room (k).
Adikku bermain bola di halaman.
My younger brother playing football in the yard.

3. Both languages use similar methods of classifying word types into nouns, verbs,
adverbs, adjectives, pronouns, etc ,
a. Nouns/ kata benda = table (meja), cup (cangkir), book (buku), kertas (paper)
 b. Verbs / kata kerja = eat (makan), run (berlari), buy (membeli), and walk (berjalan)
c. adjectives/ kata sifat = wise (bijak), cold (dingin), (hangat), smooth (halus)
d. pronouns/kata ganti = we (kami), they (mereka), it (itu)

4. Both languages form words in the same way by attaching prefixes and suffixes to root
words
Example 1 preffix : Possible, Impossible ; active, inactive ; happy, unhappy ; obey,
diseobey
membeli, menyapu, tersebar, perenang, asimetris, bikonveks, inaktif, hipertensi
Example 2 suffix : Jobless , Acceptable, Criticize, Naturalism, Biology
emosional, nasionalisme, sosiologi, editor, duniawi, novelis

5. Both languages have transitive & intransitive structures

Example 1 :
(Transitive) : Open the window, please ! (Buka pintunya !)
(Intransitive) : The mall opens at 9 a.m (Mall buka jam 9 pagi)
Example 2 :
(Transitive) : Close your eyes (Tutup matamu)
(Intransitive) : Most shops here closed at 5 p.m (Semua toko disini tutup jam 5 sore)

6. Both languages have passive & active voices - bahasa Indonesia uses "di-" prefix to
indicate the passive voice while English uses the "-ed" suffix.
Example 1 :
(aktif bhs indo) Rina membersihkan ruangan.
(aktif bhs inggris) Rina clean the room.
(pasif bhs indo) Ruangan dibersihkan oleh Rina.
(pasif bhs inggris) The room was cleaned by Rina
Example 2 :
(aktif bhs indo) Ibu memasak nasi.
(aktif bhs inggris) Mother cook rice.
(pasif bhs indo) Nasi dimasak oleh Ibu.
(pasif bhs inggris) The rice was cooked by mother.
7. Both languages use similar numbering systems except that bahasa Indonesia uses a
decimal(dot) instead of a comma as 3 digit separator (be aware that English is
inconsistent with terms for large numbers - American system and British/European
system are different)
Example :

8. Both languages use similar punctuation marks such as commas, periods, parenthesis,
question marks, quotation marks, hyphens, etc.
Example 1 :
Apa yang kamu lakukan ?
What are you doing ?
Example 2 :
Anisa, Lita, dan Maura bermain bersama di halaman.
Anisa, Lita and Maura play together in the yard.
9. Symbols are nearly the same for both languages
ENGLISH INDONESIAN
SYMBOL NAME NAMA LAMBANG
SYMBOL
period; full stop . tanda titik
comma , tanda koma
semicolon ; tanda titik koma
colon : tanda titik dua
apostrophe ' tanda penyingkat; apostrof
dash; hyphen - tanda hubung; tanda penyambung
underline mark _ tanda garis bawah
ellipsis ... tanda ellipsis
slash / tanda garis miring; setrip
backslash \ tanda garis miring balik
tilde ~ Tilde
asterisk * nanjam; tanda bintang
left arrow < tanda panah sebelah kiri
right arrow > tanda panah sebelah kanan
parenthesis ( ) tanda kurung
square brackets [ ] tanda kurung siku
brackets (non-square) { } tanda kurung kurawal
question mark ? tanda Tanya
exclamation point ! tanda seru
percent; percentage % persen; persentase
ampersand; and & Dan
double quotation marks " " tanda petik; tanda kutip
single quotation marks ' ' tanda petik tunggal
equal sign = sama dengan
approximately @ kira-kira
not equal to ¹ tidak sama dengan
plus sign; positive + positif; tambah
minus sign; negative - negatif; kurang; minus
less than < lebih kecil daripada
greater than > lebih besar daripada
less than or equal to £ lebih kecil daripada atau sama dengan
greater than or equal to ³ lebih besar daripada atau sama dengan
square root Ö akar kuadrat
total; sum of Å jumlah; sigma
times; multiplied by X tanda kali
divided by ¸ tanda bagi

10. Capitalization is nearly the same for both languages

Example 1 : Rita pergi ke Bandung.
Rita goes to Bandung.
Example 2 : Sekolah libur pada hari Minggu.
The school was free in the Sunday.

11. There are many words that are identical to both languages and even more that are
very similar. See our website lists - 780 identical words and 1,200 that are very
similar. Most spellings for names of the world's countries are the same or very
similar in both languages.
Example (identical word):
estrogen n. = estrogen; a female sex hormone
facsimile n. = an exact copy; a fax
fatal adj. = fatal; deadly; resulting in death
fauna n. = fauna; all of the animals in a certain area
federal adj. = federal; government with limited central control
festival n. = festival; a celebration; festive event
fetishism n. = fetishism; an unusual object of worship
fiber n. = fiber; a strand similar to a thread
film n. = Film
filter n. = filter; a screening device to catch impurities
final adj. = final; last; at the end
fit adj. = fit; suitable and proper; in good condition
fitting n. = electrical fitting; light socket
flat n. = a flat; an apartment
flu n. = flu; influenza

Example (Similar Words) :

autentik adj. = authentic; genuine
autisme n. = autism; a type of serious mental condition
autistik adj. = autistic; affected with autism
autobiografi n. = autobiography; a story of a person's life written by that person
autograf n. = autograph; a signature
autokrat n. = autocrat; an absolute ruler
automotif adj. = automotive; regarding automobiles
autopsi n. = autopsy; an examination of a corpse to determine the cause of death

Differences Between the two Languages

1. Bahasa Indonesia is still a root-based language with nice complete root word families
while English has diverged and the study of root words is not as useful. Many original
English root words are now not used and forgotten although some of their derived forms
remain popular.

Word Roots in English

ROOT MEANING EXAMPLES

-ast(er)- (G) star asteroid, astronomy, astronaut, asterisk
-audi- (L) hear audible, audience, auditory, auditorium
-auto- (G) self automatic, automate, autobiography, autograph
-bene- (L) good benefit, benign, benefactor, benevolent
-bio- (G) life biography, biology, biodegradable, symbiotic
-chrono- (G) time chronic, synchronize, chronicle, chronology
-dict- (L) say dictate, diction, edict, dictionary, addict
-duc- (L) lead, make deduce, produce, educator, conducive
-gen- (L) give birth gene, generate, generous, generation
-geo- (G) earth geography, geology, geometry, geopolitics
-graph- (G) write autograph, graphic, epigraph, demographic
-jur-, -jus- (L) law jury, justice, adjure, conjurer, justification
-log-, -logue- (L) thought logic, obloquy, apology, dialogue, analogy
-luc-, -lum- (L) light lucid, translucent, illuminate, elucidate
-man(u)- (L) hand manual, manure, manicure, manipulate
-mand-, -mend- (L) order demand, recommend, remand, mandatory
-mis-, -mit- (L) send missile, transmission, emit, submit, permit
-omni- (L) all omnivorous, omnipotence, omniscient
 -path- (G) feel empathy, pathetic, apathy, pathos, antipathy
-phil- (G) love philosophy, bibliophile, philanthropy
-phon- (G) sound phonics, telephone, euphony, microphone
-photo- (G) light photograph, photon, photocopy, photogenic
-port- (L) carry export, portable, rapport, deport, important
-qui(t)- (L) quiet, rest acquit, tranquil, requiem, quiescent
-scrib-, -script- (L) write ascribe, script, describe, transcribe, proscribe
-sens-, -sent- (L) feel resent, sensitive, sentence, sentient
-tele- (G) far off telecast, telephone, telekinesis, telepathy
-terr- (L) earth terrain, territory, extraterrestrial, terrace
-vac- (L) empty evacuate, vacate, vacancy, vacuous
-vid-, -vis- (L) see visible, video, envisage, invisible, revision

* Hallie Kay Yopp et al., Vocabulary Instruction for Academic Success. Shell Education, 2008)

2. English has tenses for verbs while bahasa Indonesia has no similar concept.
Present Tense
1. Aktif : Tika read the history book of Indonesia.
2. Pasif : The history book of Indonesia is read by Tika.
Present Continuous
1. A : I am writing the new short story.
2. P : The new short story is being written by Sarah
Present Perfect
1. A : My father has fixed the car
2. P : The car has been fixed by my father.
Present Perfect Continuous
1. A : Danny has been doing the homework.
2. P : The homework has been being done by Danny.
Past Tense
1. A : We cleaned the room.
2. P : The room was cleaned by us.
Past Continuous Tense
1. A : We were watching the movie when you came.
 2. P : The movie was being watched by us when you came.
Past Perfect Tense
1. A : Tika had listened the news before you told her.
2. P : The news had been listened by Tika before you told her.
Past Perfect Continuous
1. A : Evans had been preparing the schedule for two weeks.
2. P : The schedule had been being prepared by Evan for two weeks.
Simple Future
1. A : I will finish this job at 4.00 PM.
2. P : This job will be finished by me at 4.00 PM.
Future Continuous
1. A : They will be finishing the job at 4.00 PM.
2. P : The job will be being finished at 4.00 PM.
Future Perfect
1. A : They will have finished the job before 5.00 PM.
2. P : The job will have been finished before 5.00 PM.
Future Perfect Continuous
1. A : They will have been completed the job for six hours by the time it finished.
2. P : The job will have been being completed for six hours by the time it finished.
Dalam bahasa Indonesia tidak ada tenses.

3. Bahasa Indonesia doesn't have gender (male/female/neuter personal pronouns)

Example 1 : in bahasa Indonesia : Dia (entah laki-laki atau perempuan) sangat baik.
in English : She (dia perempuan) is very kind.
He (dia laki-laki) is very kind.
Example 2 : Itu adalah pensilnya (nya-laki-laki/perempuan)
That’s his pencil / That’s her pencil
4. Bahasa Indonesia doesn't have a plural suffix which is comparable to the English "s".
Indonesian plural concept is understood by context or by the addition of other words to
express the concept of something being "more than one".
Example 1 : Ada beberapa dalam kotak pensil.
There are pencils in the pencilcase.
Example 2 : Kue-kue itu enak.
The cakes are delicious.
5. Pronunciation is different but not drastically different.
Example : in Bahasa Indoneisa, pronounciation same with the writing. lari dibaca lari. makan
dibaca makan. While in English, we read (ran) and we read eat (it).

6. Bahsaa Indonesia doesn’t use contractions such as aren’t, won’t, etc.

Example 1 : He won’t be a doctor
Dia tidak ingin menjadi dokter

7. Indonesian sentences almost always have the primary thought or focus on the
beginning of the sentence, the main thought comes first and the adjunct second. English
is more varied and inconsistent.
Example paragraph in Indoneisan :
Merk smartphone sekarang banyak sekali pilihannya seiring bertambahnya perusahaan
teknologi yang berdiri. Ada beberapa merk smartphone yang terkenal di antara kita
contohnya Samsung, Apple, Xiaomi dan Oppo. Meskipun begitu janganlah menghamburkan
uang untuk membeli smartphone yang tidak kita butuhkan, belilah sebagai kebutuhan.

Example paragraph in English :

Milk is a drink that is exceptionally helpful for the body. This is on account of, milk contains
numerous vitamins and minerals that are extremely valuable. The sustenance of the most
generally in milk is calcium, the substance that makes our body and bones get to be more
grounded and become higher. Notwithstanding calcium, drain likewise contains protein.
Protein is required for building cells in the body. Last, drain additionally has fat that will be
utilized as a vitality source as a part of the body. Along these lines, drinking milk is useful for
our bodies.

8. Many English words can be used in different ways (e.g. same-spelled words with
different meanings) while bahasa Indonesia has fewer.
Example : see and sea have same spelled but the meaning is different (see = melihat and
sea= laut). Dalam bahasa Indonesia jarang ditemukan yang seperti itu.

9. Modifying adjectives are usually placed before the noun in English but after nouns in
bahasa Indonesia
Example 1 : Dia berambut keriting.
She has curly hairs.
Example 2 : Dia memiliki mata yang kecil
She has small eyes

10. There are no articles in bahasa Indonesia (no a, an or the), although the se- prefix
can act in a similar manner such as in secarik = a scrap or sebuah = a piece (of fruit).
Example 1 : Secangkir kopi = a cup of coffe
Example 2 : Sepotong keju = a slice of cheese

12. English doesn't use the circumfix affix

English doesn’t use the circumfix affix while Indonesian use it.
Example :
Mempertahankan
Mempertaruhkan
Memalukan
Memberikan

13. English uses figurative forms a lot more frequently than in bahasa Indonesia
Example :

Idiom : Give me your hand

Metaphor : Life is a curly slide, full of twist and turns

Simile : Busy as a bee

Personification : The tree invited us to come and play.

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, figurative forms jarang digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari,
lebih banyak digunakan dalam menulis pusi, cerpen, atau lainnya.

13. English has different spellings for 3rd person singular verbs while bahasa Indonesia
does not change the verb. (example: "I go, you go, he goes" - "I go" is 1st person
singular, "you go" is 2nd person singular and "he goes" is 3rd person singular with
"goes" as a different spelling of "go".)
Example 1 : I buy, you buy, She buys
 Aku beli, kamu beli, Dia beli
Example 2 : I drink, you drink, He drinks
Aku minum, kamu minum, dia minum

14. Hyphens - English uses hyphens to form adjectives & nouns from differing words,
compounding them with the combined meaning (e.g. life-giving = adj.). Bahasa
Indonesia uses hyphens for repetition of the same word or almost-same words
(reduplication, expressing repetition or indicating things smaller than real size like
toys).
Example :
better-living, semi-formal, one-eights (1/8)
kupu-kupu,, sama-sama, kura-kura

15. In spoken Indonesian, there are no linking verbs corresponding to the English words
"be, am, is, are, was, were".
Example 1 :
Saya makan.
I am eating.
Example 2:
Mereka akan selesai bekerja pada pukul 4 sore.
They will be finishing the job at 4.00 PM.