Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

PONT DALLE EN BÉTON ARMÉ

(SOLID SLAB BRIDGE DESIGN)

I. Hypothesis
Structure
Clear Span Length L= 14000 mm
TotalWidth W W= 10760 mm
Roadway Wr Wr = 10000 mm
Wearing Surface dw dw = 75 mm
Width of Barrier B B= 380 mm
Materials
Density of Wearing Surface ρw = 2250 kg/m3
Concrete Density ρc = 2400 kg/m3
Concrete Strength f'c = 30 Mpa
Reinforcement Strength fy = 400 Mpa
Elastic Modulus of Concrete Ec = 27691.5 Mpa
Elastic Modulus of Steel Es = 200000 Mpa
L

SOIL SOIL

ELEVATION VIEW

B Wr B
Future Wearing Surface
h

SECTION VIEW
B
Wr/2
Wr
W

Wr/2
B

TOP VIEW

II. Determine the section of bridge

Check minimum recommended depth [Table A2.5.2.6.3-1]

Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

1.2[S mm + 3000mm]
hmin = = 680 mm
30

Thus, We take huse = 680 mm

III. Calcul du hourdis

Il y a deux méthodes: méthode d'empérique et méthode de basée sur analyse struturale.
Dans ce projet, on ultilise la méthode de basée sur analyse struturale.

IV. Choisir les facteurs de résistence, ϕ

Strengt Limit State
Flexural and Tension 0.9
Shear and Torson 0.9
Axial Compression 0.75
Bearing on Concrete 0.7
Compression in Strut-and-Tie Models 0.7

V. Select Load Modifier, η [A1.3.2.1]

Strength Service Fatigue

1. Ductility, Dη 0.95 1.00 1.00
2. Redundancy, ηR 1.05 1.00 1.00
3. Importance ηI 1.05 N/A N/A
4. η = ηD.ηR. ηI 1.05 1.00 1.00

VI. Combinaison des Charges

Strength I Limit State

U = η ⋅[ γ ⋅DC +γ ⋅DW +γ ⋅ (LL + IM)]

Sevice I Limit State

U =1×[1×DC +1×DW +1×(LL + IM)]

Fatigue Limite State

U = 0.75 (LL+IM)
Coefficient
Strength I Limite State Service Limite State Fatigue
γDC 1.25 1.00 -
γDW 1.50 1.00 -
γLL 1.75 1.00 0.75
IM 0.33 0.75

VII. Determine Live Load Strip Width [Table A.2.5.2.6.3-1]

Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

A. Calculer Interior strip

1. One-Lane Loaded Multiple presence factor included [C4.6.2.3]

E = equivalent width (mm)

ESint = 0.250 + 0.42* SQRT(L1 ⋅W1)

Where L1 = modified span length

L1 = min(L,18m) = 14000 mm

W1 = modified edge-to-edge width

W1 = min(W,9m) = 9000 mm

Thus ESint = 4964 mm

2. Mutliple Lane Loaded

𝑊
𝐸 𝑀 𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 2.10 + 0.12 𝐿1 ∗ 𝑊1 ≤
𝑁𝐿
Where L1 = min(L,18m) = 14000 mm

W1 =min(W,18m) = 10760 mm

W = actual edge-to-edge = 10760 mm

𝑊𝑟
NL = number of design lane A [3.6.1.1.1] 𝑁𝐿 = 𝐼𝑁𝑇 [3.6.1.1.1]
3600

Wr = Clear width of road way equal to = 10000 mm

NL = 2.78

We take: NL = 2

EMint = 3572.826 mm

Thus : The Considered Interior Strip is taken Eint = 3573 mm

3. Multiple Presence Factor

Number of Lane Load Multiple Presence Factor

1 1.2
2 1
More than or equal 3 0.85
Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

B. Calculer Exterior Strip [A4.6.2.1.4]

According to clause [4.6.2.1.4b], the effective width of a strip without edge beam is the sum

of distance between the edge of the deck and theinside face of the barrier, plus 300mm, plus
one-quarter of the strip width specified in Article 4.6.2.1.3 and also 4.6.2.3 or 4.6.2.10 but

not exceeding either one-haft the full strip width or 1800mm.

For simplification, we consider an exterior strip width for Eedge = 1800 mm

Thus, the exterior strip width : Edge = 1800 mm

VIII. Applicability ofLive Load for Decks and Deck Systems

Slab-type bridges shall be designed for all of vehiclar live loads sprcified in AASHTO

section [A3.6.1.2], including the lane load[A3.6.1.3.3].

1. Maximum Shear Force - Axle Loads on Slab Bridge Observed Point at support

Design Truck Load [3.6.1.2.2]

145kN 145kN

35kN
L1 Lk=4.3to 9m 4.3m 4.3m

design Tendem Load [3.6.1.2.3]

110kN 110kN

1.2m

Design Lane Load [3.6.1.2.4]

9.3 kN/m

L
 9.3 kN/m

Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

1.1. Influence Line for Shear Force

145kN 145kN
Design for Truck
35kN
L1 Lk=4.3to 9m 4.3m 4.3m

Lm1
Lm2
Lm3

(𝑃 ∗ 𝐿𝑚 )
𝑃−
𝐿𝑡
Vtrappuis = η1*P1 + η2*P2 + η3*P3 𝜂=
𝑃

We take: Lk = 4.3 m where, Lk can vary from 4.3m ~ 9m Figure3.6.1.2.1-1

P1= 145 kN Lm,1= 0 m η1= 1.00

P2= 145 kN Lm,2= 4.3 m η2= 0.69
P3= 35 kN Lm,3= 8.6 m η3= 0.39

Vtrappuis= 258.96 kN

Design for Tendem

Vtenappuis = η1*P1 + η2*P2

P1= 110 kN Lm1= 0 m η1= 1.00

P2= 110 kN Lm2= 1.2 m η2= 0.91

Vteappuis = 210.5714 kN

Design For Lane

q= 9.3 kN/m
l
V appuis =1/2*q*L = 65.1 kN

Maximum Shear Force: Vmax = 258.96 kN

The static effect design truck or tendem shall be increased by percentage of IM ( Dynamic

Load Allowance), but not be applied to the design pedestrain load or to the design lane load.

Table 3.6.2.1-1 Dynamic Load Allowance, IM

Component IM
Deck-Joints_All Limit States 75%
All Other Components
1/ Fatigue and Fracture Limite State 15%
Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

2/ All Other Limit State 33%

The factor to be applied to the static load shall be taken as: (1+IM)

VLL+IM = 409.5225 kN Where IM= 33%

Thus: Shear Design is taken V = 409.5225 kN

1.2. Maximum Bending Moment at Mid-Span - Axle Load We observe at L/4 & L/2
1.2.1. Design Load of Truck
Influence Line at L/2 L/2 = 7 m
145kN 145kN

35kN
L1 Lk =4.3to 9m 4.3m 4.3m

Lm1
Lm2=L/2
Lm3

P1= 145 kN Lm1= 2.7 m η1= 1.35

P2= 145 kN Lm2= 7 m = L/2 η2= 3.5
P3= 35 kN Lm3= 11.3 m η3= 1.35

M( @ L/2 )= 750.5 kN

Influence Line at L/4 L/4 = 3.5 m L= 14 m

145kN 145kN
35kN
4.3m Lk=4.3 ~ 9m

Lm2=L/4

Lm3

P1= 35 kN Lm1= N/A m η1= 0

P2= 145 kN Lm2= 3.5 m η2= 2.625
P3= 145 kN Lm3= 7.8 m η3= 1.55

M( @ L/4 )= 605.375 kN.m

Mtruck = 750.5 kN.m

1.2.2. Design Load of Tendem

Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

Influence Line at L/2

110kN 110kN

1.2m

L/2
L

P1= 110 kN Lm1= 7 m η1= 3.5

P2= 110 kN Lm2= 8.2 m η2= 2.9
ML/2 = 704 kN.m

Influence Line at L/4

110kN 110kN

1.2m

L/4
L

P1= 110 kN Lm1= 3.5 m η1= 2.63

P2= 110 kN Lm2= 4.7 m η2= 2.33

ML/4 = 545 kN.m

Maximum Moment @ L/2: ML/2 = MAX (ML/2Ten,ML/2Tr) = 750.50 kN.m

Maximum Moment @ L/4: ML/4 = MAX (ML/2Ten,ML/2Tr) = 605.4 kN.m

1.2.3. Design of Lane Load

q= 9.3 kN/m

General Equation: M(x) = 1/2*q*L*x - 1/2*q*x2

M(L/4)= 170.89 kN.m

M(L/2)= 227.85 kN.m

The Static Effect for Moment is taken (1+IM), but not be applied for lane load deign [3.6.2.1]

We use : IM= 33%

At L/2 : MLL+IM = (1+IM) Mmax + M(L/2) = 1226.02 kN.m

Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

At L/4 : MLL+IM = (1+IM) Mmax + M(L/4) = 976.04 kN.m

IX. Live Load Force Effect

1. Interior Strip

Shear and Bending Moment are given in VIII is per multiple strip Eint where Eint = 3573 mm

𝑉𝐿𝐿+𝐼𝑀
𝑉𝐿𝐿+𝐼𝑀 = VLL+IM = 114.62 kN
𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑀𝐿𝐿+𝐼𝑀
𝑀𝐿𝐿+𝐼𝑀 = MLL+IM = 343.15 kN.m At L/2
𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡

MLL+IM = 273.18 kN.m At L/4

2. Exterior Strip

Since Eext = 1800 mm

One lane width was considered is 3600mm, but Eedge = Eext = 1800 mm

1 𝑉𝐿𝐿+𝐼𝑀 𝑥1.2
𝑉𝐿𝐿+𝐼𝑀 = VLL+IM = 136.51 kN
2 𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡
1 𝑀𝐿𝐿+𝐼𝑀 𝑥1.2
𝑀𝐿𝐿+𝐼𝑀 = MLL+IM = 408.67 kN.m At L/2
2 𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡

MLL+IM = 325.34542 kN.m At L/4

X. Force Effects Other Load

1. Interior Strip, 1m of width
DC:
𝑤𝐷𝐶,𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝜌𝑐 ∗ 𝑔 ∗ ℎ = 16.32 kN/m per m g = 1m of width strip
1
𝑉𝐷𝐶 = ∗ 𝑤𝐷𝐶,𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐿 = 114.24 kN per m
2
1
𝑀𝐷𝐶 = ∗ 𝑤𝐷𝐶 𝐿2 = 399.84 kN.m per m
8

DW: Bituminous Wearing Surface, 75 mm

𝑤𝐷𝑊,𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝜌𝐷𝑊 ∗ 𝑔 ∗ ℎ𝐷𝑊 = 1.69 kN/m2

1
𝑉𝐷𝑊 = ∗ 𝑤𝐷𝑊,𝑖𝑛𝑡 ∗ 𝐿 = 11.81 kN per m
2
1
𝑀𝐷𝑊,𝑖𝑛𝑡 = ∗ 𝑤𝐷𝑊,𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐿2 = 41.34 kN.m per m
8

2. Exterior Strip, 1m Wide

Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

Barrier = 4.65 kN/m

Assume that barrier load spread overwidth of one-half strip at edge.

DC :
𝑤𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟
𝑤𝐷𝐶,𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 𝑤𝐷𝐶,𝑖𝑛𝑡 + = 18.903 kN/m per m
𝐸𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟
1
𝑉𝐷𝐶,𝑒𝑥𝑡 = ∗ 𝑤𝐷𝑐𝐶𝑖𝑛𝑡 ∗ 𝐿 = 132.32 kN per m
2
1
𝑀𝐷𝐶,𝑒𝑥𝑡 = ∗ 𝑤𝐷𝑐𝐶𝑖𝑛𝑡 ∗ 𝐿2 463.13 kN.m per m
8

DW :
(𝐸𝑒𝑥𝑡 − 𝐷𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟 )
𝑤𝐷𝑊,𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 𝑤𝐷𝑤,𝑖𝑛𝑡 + = 1.33 kN/m
𝐸𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟
VDW = 9.319 kN per m

MDW = 32.62 kN.m per m

XI. Investigate Service Limit State

1. Durabilities [A5.12]

Cover for Unprotected Main Reinforceing Steel(mm), Ref. [Table 5.12.3-1] such as below:

1. Deck surfaces subject to tire stud or chain wear is 60 mm

2. Bottom Clear Cover of Slab 30 mm

3. Bar Diameter in use DB32 mm

Effective Depth: 634 mm

a). Moment - Interior Strip

M interior = η Σγ i Q i = 1.[1.M DC + 1.M DW + 1.M LL+IM ] = 784.33 kN.m At L/2

M Interior = η Σγ i Q i = 1.[1.M DC + 1.M DW + 1.M LL+IM ] = 714.37 kN.m At L/4

Trail Reinforcement:
𝑀
𝐴𝑠 =
𝑓𝑠 𝑗𝑑
Assume: j= 0.875

fs=2/3fy= 240.00 Mpa Cracking Control

Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

At L/2 : As(L/2)= 5891.04 mm2/m n= 8 DB32 @124

As(L/4)= 5365.53 mm2/m n= 7 DB32 @141
Thus, Area of reinforcement at interior strip is taken:As,interior = 5891.04 mm2 / m

b). Moment - Exterior Strip

As formula above:

Mexterior = 904.42 kN.m per m at L/2

Mexterior = 821.09 kN.m per m at L/4

As = 6792.992 mm2/m n= 9 DB32 @110

As = 6167.138 mm2/m n= 8 DB32 @124

As,exterior = 6792.99 mm2 / m

Thus, Area of reinforcement at exterior strip is taken:

2. Control of Cracking [5.7.3.4]

𝑍
𝑓𝑠 ≤ 𝑓𝑠𝑎 = 1 ≤ 0.6𝑓𝑦
𝑑𝑐 ∗ 𝐴 3

a. Interior Strip - Checking Tensile Stress Against f r [5.4.2.6, 5.7.3.4]

Minterior = 784.33 kN.m

with b= 1.00 m
𝑀
𝑓𝑐 = = 10.18 Mpa
1 2
6∗𝑏∗ℎ

𝑓𝑟 = 0.8. (0.63 ∗ 𝑓 ′ 𝑐) = 2.76 Mpa Modulus of rupture [5.4.2.6]

We find : fc > 0.8.fr ==> SECTION IS CRACKED

Elastic -Cracked Section : [5.7.1]

𝐸𝑠
𝑛= = 7.22 Modular ratio
𝐸𝑐
As = 5891.04 mm2/m

within M= 784.33 kN.m

Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

n.As= 42547.73 mm2/m

B= 1 m

x
d

d-x
Strain Stress

Find the location of neutral axis (x)

1 2
𝑏𝑥 = 𝑛𝐴𝑠(𝑑 − 𝑥)
2
2𝑛𝐴𝑠 2𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑑
𝑥2 + 𝑥− =0
𝑏 𝑏
𝑥 2 + 2𝐵𝑥 − 𝑐 = 0

B = 42.54773

c = 53950.52

𝑥 = −𝐵 + 𝐵2 + 𝐶 = 193.5896 mm

Moment of Inertia of Cracked Section:

1
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = 𝑏𝑥 3 + 𝑛𝐴𝑠 𝑑 − 𝑥 2
= 1.067E+10 mm4 / m
3
Steel Stress:
𝑓𝑠 𝑀 𝑑 − 𝑥
= = 32.37 Mpa
𝑛 𝐼𝑐𝑟
fs= 233.8 Mpa

Z = 30000N/mm, It's in moderate exposure condition

Z = 23000N/mm, It's in servere exposure condition

We take : Z= 23000 N/mm

dc = is concrete cover measured from the extreme tension fiber to the center of nearest

bar, but not be larger than 50mm.

Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

===> dc = 46 mm

n= 8 DB32 @124 Number of reinforcement of Interior strip

b= 1000 mm ( Considered strip width)

2𝑑𝑐 𝑏
𝐴= = 11500 mm2
𝑛
𝑍
𝑓𝑠𝑎 = 1 ≤ 0.6𝑓𝑦 =
240 Mpa
𝑑𝑐 ∗ 𝐴 3
fsa > fs OK

USE DB32 @ 124

b. Exterior Strip, crack tensil stress

Mexterior = 904.42 kN.m per m

As = 6792.992 mm2

n.As = 49061.99 mm2

B = 49.06

C = 62210.6

x= 205.14 mm

Moment of Inertia Cracked Section

b= 1000 mm

Icr = 1.19E+10 mm4 / m

fs = 235.3875 Mpa

n= 9 DB32 @124 Number of Reinforcement at Exterior Strip

A = 10222.22 mm2

fsa = 240 Mpa

fs < fsa OK
Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

USE: DB32 @124

3. Deformations [5.7.3.6].

a. Dead Load Camber [A2.5.2.6]

𝑤𝐷𝐿,𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 2 ∗ 𝐸𝑒𝑥𝑡 (𝑤𝐷𝐶,𝑒𝑥𝑡 + 𝑤𝐷𝑊,𝑒𝑥𝑡 ) + 𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡,𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 (𝑤𝐷𝐶,𝑖𝑛𝑡 + 𝑤𝐷𝑊,𝑖𝑛𝑡 ) + 2 ∗ 𝑤𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟

Eint,tot = 6.4 m WDC,ext = 18.903 kN/m per m

Eext = 1.8 m (Fixed) WDC,int = 16.32 kN/m per m

WDW,ext = 1.33 kN/m per m WDW,int = 1.69 kN/m per m

Wbarrier = 4.65 kN/m per m

WDL,total = 197.3925 kN/m full width

1
𝑀𝐷𝐿 = ∗ 𝑤𝐷𝐿,𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ∗ 𝐿2 = 4836.1 kN.m
8
By using Ie [A5.7.3.6.2]
5 𝐿4
∆𝐷𝐿 = ∗ 𝑤𝐷𝐿,𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ∗
384 𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑒
3 3
𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝑀𝑐𝑟
𝐼𝑒 = ∗ 𝐼𝑔 + (1 − 𝐼𝑐𝑟 ≤ 𝐼𝑔
𝑀𝑎 𝑀𝑎
𝐼𝑔
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 𝑓𝑟 ∗
𝑦𝑏

𝑓𝑟 = 0.63 ∗ 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = 3.4507 Mpa

Ig = 2.82E+11 mm4

Mcr = 2861.4 kNm

Ma = 3401.0 kNm

fs = 240 Mpa

Eint,total = 6.4 m Icr,interior = 1.07E+10 mm4 / m As,inter = 5891.04 mm2 / m

Eexterior = 1.8 m Icr,exterior = 1.19E+10 mm4 / m As,exter = 6792.99 mm2 / m

Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

𝐼𝑐𝑟,𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 2 ∗ 𝐸𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 ∗ 𝐼𝑐𝑟,𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 + 𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡,𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ∗ 𝐼𝑐𝑟,𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 Icr,total = 1.1E+11 mm4

Ie = 2.1E+11 mm4 ===> ΔDL,Ig = 16.75 mm Short-terme

Long-term deflection factor for A's = 0, is equal K = 3-1.2 (A's/As)= 3

Camber = K*ΔDL = 50.25 mm

By Using Ig [5.7.3.6.2]
𝐼𝑒
∆𝐷𝐿,𝐼𝑒 = ∆𝐷𝐿,𝐼𝑔 ∗ = 12.65 mm
𝐼𝑔
Long-term deflection factoris take = 4

Camber = 50.5869 mm

Thus: the maximum camber is 50.59 mm

b. Live Load Deflection [2.5.2.6.2]

𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝐿𝐿+𝐼𝑀 = = 17.5 mm
800
Use design truck alone or design lane load plus 25% truck load [A.6.1.3.2]. When design truck

alone, it should be placed so that the distance between its resultant and the nearest wheel is bisected

by the span centerline. All design lanes should be loaded: [A2.5.2.6.2].

NL = 2 Number of considered lane

m= 0.85

(1+IM) = 1.33 Impact Factor

The value of Ie changes with the magnetude of the applied moment Ma. The moment associated

with the live load deflection includes the dead load moment plus the truck moment.

Case1: Design for only Truck Load

𝑀𝐷𝐿+𝐿𝐿+𝐼𝑀 = 𝑀𝐷𝐿 + 𝑚 ∗ 1 + 𝐼𝑀 ∗ 𝑀𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑘

MDL = 4836.1 kN.m

Mtruck = 750.5 kN.m

Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

MDL+LL+IM = 6532.997 kN.m

Ig = 2.82E+11 mm4 fr = 3.45065 Mpa

Mcr = 2861.41 kN.m

Ma = MDL+LL+IM = 6532.997 kN.m

(Mcr / Ma )3 = 0.084024

Ie = 1.3E+11 mm4

Ec*Ie = 3.5E+15 N.mm2

We take load of truck to consider

For P1,2 = 145 kN = 327.845 kN

For P3 = 35 kN = 79.135 kN

𝑃1 ∗ 𝑥1 + 𝑃2 ∗ 𝑥2 + 𝑃3 ∗ 𝑥3
𝑥𝐺 =
𝑃1 + 𝑃2 + 𝑃3

145kN 145kN

35kN
Lk =4.3to 9m 4.3m

L
CL

Lk = 4.3 ~ 9m 4.3m

P3 R P2
P1

a a
xG

Mmax= ? kNm
 P3 R P2
Institut de Technologie du Cambodge P1 Projet du pont

a a
xG

Mmax= ? kNm

- For Front Wheel P3

P3=118.7kN
x

b
P3 = 79.135 kN
x1 = 0 m Then xG = 5.76 m
x2 = 4.3 m a= 0.728 m
x3 = 8.6 m b= 1.972 m
x= 7.73 m
𝑥
∆1 = 𝑃3 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝐿2 − 𝑏 2 − 𝑥 2
6𝐸𝐼𝐿
Δ_P3 = 0.547 mm

For Middle Wheel P2

P2=491.8 kN
x

b
P2 = 327.845 kN b= 6.27 m
x= 7.73 m

Δ_P2 = 5.28 mm

For Behind Wheel P1

P2=491.8 kN
x

P1 = 327.85 kN b = 3.43 m
x= 6.27 m
Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

Δ_P1 = 3.50 mm

Thus : Deflection due to Truck : ΔmaxTruck = 9.32 mm < ΔLL+IMallowable

Deflection is not a problem

Case 2: Design for Only Land plus 25% of Truck Load

5 𝐿4 𝑞𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 = 1 + 𝐼𝑀 ∗ 𝑤𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 ∗ 𝑚 ∗ 𝑁𝐿
∆𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 = ∗𝑞 ∗
384 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑒
qLane = 21.0273 kN/m

Δlane = 3.03 mm

Δ25% of Truck = 2.331 mm

Δ25% of Truck+Lane = 5.358 mm OK

Case3: Design for Tendom Cencentrated Load at mid span

We consider tendom load as a cencentrated load located at mid span for having a critical deflection

P=110kN

L/2 L/2

1 𝐿3
∆ 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑚 = ∗ 𝑞𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑚 ∗
48 𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑒

qtendom = 497.42 kN

Δtendom = 8.2 mm OK

XII. Investigate Strength Limite State

1. Flexural Rectagular Stress Distribution [5.7.2.2] & [5.7.3.2]

f'c = 30 Mpa

β= 0.84

a). Interior Strip

Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

Strength I.
Minterior = η*Σγi.Qi = 1.05*[1.25*MDC + 1.5*MDW + (1+IM )*MLL+IM ]

MDC = 399.84 kNm per m MDW = 41.34 kNm per m

MLL+IM = 343.15 kNm per m 1+IM = 133%

Minterior = 1069.12 kNm per m

As,inter = 5891.04 mm2 / m for service limite state

b= 1000 mm consider 1m of strip

𝐴𝑆 ∗ 𝑓𝑦
𝑐=
0.85 ∗ 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝛽 ∗ 𝑏

c = 110.574 mm

a = β*c = 92.40854 mm

ds= 634 mm Effective depth of reinforcement

c/ds = 0.174407 < 0.42 Allowable maximum reinfrocement [ 5.7.3.3.1 ]

ratio of c and ds is = OK

ρ=As/(bd)= 0.009292 reiforcement percentage

Mn =As.fy.(ds-a/2) = 1385.092 kN.m

Φ= 0.9

ΦMn= 1246.583 kNm > Mu,interior OK

Thus: Arrangement of Longitudinal Reinforcement In Interior Strip is:DB32 @124

b). Edge Strip

Mexterior = η*Σγi.Qi = 1.05*[1.25*MDC + 1.5*MDW + (1+IM )*MLL+IM ]

MDC = 463.13 kNm MDW = 32.62 kNm

Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

MLL+IM = 408.67 kNm

Mexterior = 1229.94 kNm

Asedge = 6792.992 mm2 / m

b= 1000 mm
𝐴𝑆 ∗ 𝑓𝑦
𝑐=
0.85 ∗ 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝛽 ∗ 𝑏

c = 127.504 mm

a = β*c = 106.5567 mm

ds= 634 mm Effective depth of reinforcement

c/ds = 0.20111 < 0.42 Allowable maximum reinfrocement [ 5.7.3.3.1 ]

ratio of c and ds is = OK

ρ=As/(bd)= 0.010714 reiforcement percentage

Mn =As.fy.(ds-a/2) = 1577.935 kN.m

Φ= 0.9

ΦMn= 1420.14 kNm > Mu,edge OK

Thus: Arrangement of Longitudinal Reinforcement at Exterior Strip is: DB32 @110

XIII. Distribution Reinforcement of the Deck

The amount of bottom transverse reinforcement may be takent as a percenage of the main
1750
reinforcement required for positive moment as % ≤ 50%
𝐿

14.8(%) <= 50% [5.14.4.1-1]

a) Interior Strip
ρ= 0.148

As,inter = 5891.04 mm2 / m

Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

As,transv = ρ*As,inter = 871.30 mm2 / m DB16 @188.0

b). Edge Strip

ρ= 0.148

As,edge = 6792.992 mm2 / m

As,transv = 1004.697 mm2 / m DB16 @188.0

XIV. Shrinkage or Temperature Reinforcement [5.10.8]

The shrinkage or temperature reinforcement shall not be spaced farther than 450mm or 3 time of

compenent thickness.

Ash > 0.11*Ag / fy = 187 mm2 / m DB10 @313.3 In the both directions

XVI. Fatigue Limite State

U = 0.75*(LL+IM) IM = 15%

Fatigue load shall be one design truck with 9000mm axial spacing no multiple present factor

applied (m =1).

4.3 m 9m

P1 P2 P2

P1 = 35 kN `P2 = 145 kN P3 = 145 kN

Verify fmax < fallowable

fallowable = 145-0.33*fmin +55(r/h) where fmin =0, because deck is treated as a simple beam, thus, there

there no moment reversal.

fmin = 0 r/h= 0.3

Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

ff = 161.5 Mpa

1+IM = 1.15 for fatigue condition

η= 1.00

γ= 0.75

CL
x

P1 R P2 P3

A C B

L/2+x/2 L/2-x/2

x1 x2 x4

L= 14000 mm

P1= 35 kN

P2 = 145 kN

x= 0.836 m x4 = 6.5819 m

x2 = 4.3 m

x1 = 3.12 m

ΣMA =0, RB = 84.625 kN

Mmax = Mc = 556.997 kNm

Then Mfatigue = ηΣγiQi= 480.41 kNm

- Tensile Load Stress fmax

𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑑 − 𝑥 where n= 7.22

=
𝑛 𝐼𝑐𝑟

d= 634 mm As = 6792.99 mm2 / m

x= 193.59 mm b = 1000 mm
Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Projet du pont

Cracking around reinforcement DB25, then cracking inertia is determined:

Φ= 25 mm
𝑏𝑥 3 12𝜋Φ4 𝑥2
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = + + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑛𝐴𝑠 𝑑2 = 2.2E+10 mm4
12 64 4
fmax = 80.02565 Mpa < ff OK

XVI. Resume the answer

Calculation Result Actual Use
1. Longitudinal Reinforcement at the bottom at exterior strip: DB32 @ 110 @ 100
2. Longitudinal Reinforcement at the bottom at interior strip: DB32 @ 124 @ 120
3. Transversal Reinforcement at the bott at exterior&interior strip: DB16 @ 188 @ 180
4. Longitudinal Reinforcement at the top at exterior strip: DB10 @ 313.3 @ 300
5. LongitudinalReinforcement at the top at interior strip: DB10 @ 313.3 @ 300
4. Transversal Reinforcement at the top at exterior & interior strip: DB10 @ 313.3 @ 300

XVII. Conclusion

Après avoir fait ce projet du pont, il nous permet d'avoir le concept, le dimesionnement et le calcul
sur le pont dalle de béton armé (solide slab bridge) par le norme AASHTO. En plus,il nous donne
aussi un model pour calculer d'autres types du pont.

Dans ce projet, on n'a calculé que les sections d'armatures de la portée L/2 et L/4. Pour qu'on peut
économiser l'argent sur l'utilisation d'armatures, on doit calculer plusieurs points sur cet portée.
Et on a vérifier seulement le milieu de la portée L/2, le point le plus critique qu'on doit considérer
comme le flèche et le moment. On n'a pas vérifier l'effort tranchant parce qu'il n'est pas le point
critique pour le pont dalle grâce au largeur de la dalle importance. En conclusion, on a adopté sur
la vérification et le calcul de ce pont dalle en béton armé.