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Process Dynamics and Control

©2006, R.S. Parker


ChE 1034, Summer 2006 (06-03)
Instructor: Jeffry A. Florian
1272 BEH
florian@sage.che.pitt.edu.

University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA 15261
“Pop Quiz” and Pictures
• Hope you’re feeling photogenic
• Complete (individually) your “Pop Quiz” while
others are getting pictures taken
• Collect “handouts” after your picture has been taken
• GO!
Welcome!
• Course: ChE 1034, Process Dynamics and Control
• Instructors: Prof. Robert S. Parker and Jeffry A.
Florian
• TA: Stephen (Chad) Kanick
• Course Text: Process Dynamics, Modeling, and
Control, by B.A. Ogunnaike and W.H. Ray
available in Benedum Hall Library
• Reference Text: Process Dynamics and Control,
2nd Ed. by D. Seborg, T. Edgar, and D. Mellichamp
• Software: MATLAB (©2003, The MathWorks,
Natick, MA)
Syllabus Highlights
• Absolute grading scale

Homework 25%
Project 20%
Exam I 15%
Average Minimum Grade
Exam II 15%
85% A-
Final Exam 20%
75% B-
Class Participation 5%
65% C-
Total 100%
Bonus Quizzes +2 to +4%
Grand Total >100%
Homework and Project Details
• Homework
• consult your friends
• name your consultants
• per problem grading scale: 0-1-2

• Project
• group work (4 members, you choose)
• experiment, simulation, report, presentation
• more detail to come
Is Homework Necessary?

90

80

70
Course Grade

60

50

40

30

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1


Homework Completion Percentage
Exam and Bonus Quiz Details
• Exams
• comprehensive
• focus on recent material
• “cheat-sheet” allowed (1 page)

• Bonus quizzes (2-4)


• randomly announced
• group quiz (2-5 people/group)
• 0/1 grading
• bonus point(s) for final course grade
Class Web Site
• URL: http://sage.che.pitt.edu/che1034/
• Announcements, corrections, hints
• CLASS NOTES FOR DOWNLOAD
• available by 10AM course days
• best if brought to class
• supplement lecture

• Non-pitt.edu email users: forward your pitt email to


the address you use!
Class Participation
• PLEASE PARTICIPATE
• 3×5 card #1: name, email, home town and state,
nickname, birthday
• I call on people at random to answer questions
• you will receive “thinking time” (usu. ∼1 min)
• “I don’t know” results in a table consultation
• critical thinking: I may play the Devil’s advocate

• Two Minute Drill


• start of class (and maybe in the middle too)
• recap previous day’s main results and skills
• everyone gets a turn (maybe everyday)

• Are there any questions?


Why Study Process Control
• Academic Motivation
• integrate knowledge from previous courses
• solidify/improve math & computational skills
• learn “systems thinking”

• Exercise: what is the general form for a mass


balance?
• what is step 1 in ChE 0035?
• identify the key word in the title of this course
that makes it different than almost every other
course in ChE
Industrial Motivation for Control
• Necessary for
• safe operation
• reliable (consistent) operation
• efficiency of operation
• product quality

• Major impact on profitability of a company


• Career option: Process Control Engineer
• high mobility
• high visibility
• technically challenging
Nomenclature
• Variable – something that changes with time
• Input (variable) – independently changes the process
operating state [Fi , cA0 , R, Q]
• manipulated – at the discretion of the controller
• disturbance – no control over these

• Output (variable) – give information about a process


• measured – sensors available (GC, UV spec, etc.)
• controlled – related to process performance;
specifications from engineer, company, etc.
• uncontrolled – not involved with performance
• unmeasured – no measurement device available

• Setpoint – the desired value for controlled outputs


Elements of a Control Loop
• Process – the reactor, distillation column, etc. that
requires control
• Sensor – the measurement device; samples
measured outputs and inputs
• Transmitter – communicates a measurement to the
controller
• Controller – the “decision maker”; the key element
we will learn to design in this course
• Actuator – the valve (or other control element)
responsible for implementing the manipulated
variable change calculated by the controller
A Driving Example
1. control objective (setpoint)
2. controlled variable
3. manipulated variable
4. actuator
5. sensor
6. controller
7. disturbance

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