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Teknik Elektronika, FT UNY Teknik Elektronika, FT UNY
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Teknik Elektronika, FT UNY
X ( s ) x(t ).e st dt
0
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The Laplace Transform
The Laplace Transform of a function, f(t), is defined as;
L[ f (t )] F(s) f (t )estdt Eq A
j
1
1
L [ F ( s )] f (t ) F ( s ) e ts
ds Eq B
2 j j
*notes
1 st
L[u(t )] 1e dt e |
st
s 0
Teknik Elektronika, FT UNY
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L[u(t )]
s
The Laplace Transform of a unit step is:
1
*notes s
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The Laplace Transform
The Laplace transform of a unit impulse:
Mathematically:
t 0
*note
L[ (t )] (t )e st dt e 0 s 1
0
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The Laplace Transform
This image cannot currently be display ed.
e st 1
L[e u( t )] |0 at
(s a) sa
1
A transform e at u(t )
pair sa
L[tu(t )] te st dt
0
u=t
udv uv | vdu
0
0
0
dv = e-stdt
1 A transform
tu(t ) pair
s2
Teknik Elektronika, FT UNY
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The Laplace Transform
(e jwt e jwt ) st
L[cos( wt )] e dt
0
2
s
cos( wt )u(t )
s w2
2
As t a , x 0 and as t , x . So,
f ( x )e f ( x )e
s ( x a ) as sx
dx e dx
0 0
L[ f (t a )u(t a )] e as F ( s )
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The Laplace Transform
Frequency Shift
L[e at
f (t )] [e at f (t )]e st dt
0
f ( t )e
( s a ) t
dt F ( s a )
0
L[e at f (t )] F ( s a )
s
F ( s)
s w2
2
(s a)
and F ( s a )
(s a)2 w 2
(s a)
L[e at cos( wt )]
( s a)2 (w)2
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The Laplace Transform
Time Integration:
and
1
dv e st dt , v e st
s
1
L f (t )dt f (t )e st dt
0 s0
Teknik Elektronika, FT UNY
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F ( s)
s
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The Laplace Transform
Time Differentiation:
df (t )
L[ ] sF ( s ) f (0)
u e st , du se st dt and
df ( t )
dv dt df ( t ), so v f ( t )
*note
dt
df
L f (t )e st | f (t ) se st dt
dt 0
0
Teknik Elektronika, FT UNY
0 f (0) s f (t )e st dt
0
So we have shown: df (t )
L sF ( s) f (0)
dt
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The Laplace Transform
Time Differentiation:
We can extend the previous to show;
df (t ) 2 2
L 2
s F ( s ) sf (0) f ' (0)
dt
1 s
Penskalaan x(at) X
a a
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Sifat-sifat Transformasi Laplace
Sifat x(t) X(s)
Konvolusi frekuensi 1
x(t) y(t) X (s) *Y (s)
(modulasi) 2j
Diferensiasi dn
(-t)n x(t) X (s )
frekuensi ds n
dn n 1
Diferensiasi waktu x(t ) s n X ( s ) s n 1 k x((0k) )
dt n k 0
s n X (s )
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Pecahan Parsial X(s)
• Jika X(s) berbentuk pecahan parsial yang pembilang dan
penyebutnya berbentuk polinomial
P( s)
X (s)
Q( s)
Ak lim ( s pk ). X ( s )
s pk
k 1,2,...n
x(t) menjadi :
x(t ) A1e p1Teknik
t
2e
p2t
AElektronika, ... An e pnt
FT UNY
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Pecahan Parsial X(s)
Jika pi = pk*, maka penyelesaian dapat
diselesaikan secara khusus yang menghasilkan
x(t) merupakan fungsi Cosinus dan Sinus
Ak lim ( s pk ). X ( s )
s pk
1 d r l
Akl lim ( s pk ) r . X ( s )
l s p
Elektronika,
(r l )! ds r Teknik k FT UNY s pk
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Sistem LTI dengan penyelesaian Pers
Diferensial koefisien konstan
x(t) Sistem y(t)
LTI
• Sistem mempunyai hubungan
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Transformasi Laplace
Contoh soal s4
X ( s)
( s 1)( s 2)( s 3)
A A A
X ( s) 1 2 3
s 1 s 2 s 3
s4 3
A1
( s 2)( s 3) s 1 2
s4
A2 2
( s 1)( s 3) s 2
s4 1
A3
( s 1)( s 2) s 3 2
3 2 1
X ( s) 2
2
s 1 s 2 s 3
x(t ) 32 e t 2e 2t 12 e 3t
Teknik Elektronika, FT UNY
t0
Transformasi Laplace
Contoh soal 1
X ( s)
s ( s 2 2 s 2)
A A s A3
X ( s) 1 2 2
s s 2s 2
A1 ( s 2 2 s 2) s ( A2 s A3 )
X ( s)
s ( s 2 2 s 2)
( A1 A2 ) s 2 (2 A1 A3 ) s 2 A1
X ( s)
s ( s 2 2 s 2)
1
A1
2
1
A2
2
A3 1
Teknik Elektronika, FT UNY
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Transformasi Laplace
1 s 1 1
X ( s) 2
2
s s 2s 2 2
1 1 s2
X ( s) 2
s 2 ( s 1) 2 12
1 1 s 1 1 1
X ( s) 2
s 2 ( s 1) 1 2 ( s 1) 2 12
2 2
Transformasi Laplace
s
X ( s)
( s 1)( s 2) 2
A A A12
X ( s ) 1 11
s 1 s 2 ( s 2) 2
s
A1 1
( s 2) 2 s 1
1 d s 1
A11 1
(2 1)! ds s 1 s 2 ( s 1) 2 s 2
1 s
A12 2
(2 2)! s 1 s 2
1 1 2
X ( s)
s 1 s 2 ( s 2) 2
x(t ) e t e 2t 2te 2t
t 0 Teknik Elektronika, FT UNY
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Transformasi Laplace
y 7 y 10 y x 3 x
dengan
x(t ) e t , t 0
y (0 ) 1
y (0 ) 1
2
2
.
s Y ( s ) sy ( 0 ) y (0 ) 7 sY (s) y(0 ) 10Y ( s) sX ( s) x(0 ) 3 X (s)
walaupun x(0 ) e 1, x(0 ) 0 karena belum ada masukan
0
s 7s 10Y (s) s 7 s 3 s 1 1
2 1
2
( s 3)
( s 1) s 152
Y ( s)
s 7s 10
2
(s 3) s 152
Y ( s)
(s 1)(s 2 7s 10) (s 2 7s 10)
(s 3) s 152
Y ( s)
(s 1)(s 2)(s 5) (s 2)(s 5)
1 13 16 112 5
Y (s) 2 2
(s 1) (s 2) (s 5) (s 2) (s 5)
y(t ) 2 e 13 e t 16 e t 11
1 t t
2 e 2e
Teknik
5 t
Elektronika, FT UNY
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The Laplace Transform
f(t) F(s)
(t ) 1
1
u ( t ) __________f (__________
t) F ( s)
1
e st
sa
1
t
s2
n!
tn
sn1
n!
t n e at
( s a )n 1
w
sin( wt )
s2 w2
s
cos( wt )
s2 w2
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The Laplace Transform
Transform Pairs:
f(t) F(s)
w
e at sin( wt )
(s a)2 w 2
f(t) F(s)
to s
f ( t t0 )u( t t 0 ), t 0 0 e F ( s)
Teknik Elektronika, FT UNY
to s
f ( t )u( t t 0 ), t 0 e L[ f ( t t 0 )
e at f ( t ) F (s a)
n
d f (t )
s n F ( s ) s n 1 f ( 0 ) s n 2 f ' ( 0) . . . s 0 f n 1 f ( 0 )
dt n
dF ( s )
tf ( t )
ds
t 1
f ( )d F ( s)
0 s
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The Laplace Transform
Using Matlab with Laplace transform:
Example Use Matlab to find the transform of te 4 t
The following is written in italic to indicate Matlab code
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