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A = {1, 2, 3} B = {4, 5, 6}

cartisan product of Set A and set B:


A×B = {(), (), (), (), (), ()}

-proper subset or proper inclusion :


A ⊂ B ∧ A 6= B

-set inclusion is transitive :


A⊂B∧B ⊂C →A⊂C
-Also
A⊂B∧B ⊂C →A=B

-if every element of A is an element of B :


A ⊂B or B ⊃A

-set belonging : ∈ ∨ 3
-set inclusion : ⊂ ∨ ⊃

-set belonging : ∈ ∨ 3
-set inclusion : ⊂ ∨ ⊃
-⊂ is always reflexive and A ⊂ B is always True
-but
-if is A ∈ B ever True ?

{x | x is positive and even }


{ x, | x < 2 }
|ψi

Let A = { x | ψ(x) > 0 }; also, given |ψi ∈ H, then ψ(x) := hx|ψi.

Logical Operators
and : ∧
or : ∨
not : ¬
if then : →
if and only if (if f ) : ↔
f or all : ∀
f or some(there exists) : ∃

∃ y(x ∈ A) is means x ∈ A

x = x → x2 = x2
a>b ∧ b>c → a>c

-order is dosen’t mattre


A = {1, 2, 3} = A = {3, 1, 2}

1
-elements can repet more then once
A = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3} = A = {1, 2, 3}

-membership
for A = {1, 2, 3}
1∈A

A31

{x | x = 1 ∧ x = 2 ∧ x = 3}

{x | xisanaturalnumber}

-examples
{1, 2} ∪ {1, 2} = {1, 2}
{1, 2} ∪ {2, 3} = {1, 2, 3}
{1, 2, 3} ∪ {3, 4, 5} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
-properties
A∪B =A∪B

A∪B =B∪A
A ∪ (B ∪ C) = (A ∪ B) ∪ C
A ⊆ (A ∪ B)
A∪A=A
A∪ = A

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