Review

Reviewed Work(s): Security: A New Framework for Analysis by Barry Buzan, Ole Wæver
and Jaap de Wilde
Review by: Mats Ruge Holte
Source: Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 36, No. 5 (Sep., 1999), pp. 608-609
Published by: Sage Publications, Ltd.
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/424540
Accessed: 20-10-2017 21:26 UTC

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608 journal of PEACE RESEARCH volume 36/ number 5 / september 1999

its disconnection
disconnectionfrom
frommundane
mundaneconcerns.
concerns.
AtAt
thethe Turkish
Turkishperspectives
perspectiveson the
on country's
the country's
inter- inter-
same
same time,
time, all
allthe
thestrengths
strengthsofofcosmopolitanism
cosmopolitanism national
nationalrole.
role.As As
such,
such,
this this
book book
provides
provides
inter- inter-
are also
also present:
present:thethebreadth
breadthand anddepth
depthofof
itsits esting
estingreading
reading forfor
anyone
anyone
tryingtrying
to understand
to understand
moral
moral vision,
vision, its
itsbasis
basisininhumanitarian
humanitarian andand
demo-
demo- Turkey's
Turkey'soutlook
outlook on on
international
internationalaffairsaffairs
at a at a
cratic
cratic concerns,
concerns,andanditsitswish
wishtotoconnect
connectthe
the
con-
con- time
timewhen
whenTurkey
Turkeyis seeking
is seeking
to find
to its
find
place
itsonplace on
cerns
cerns ofof everyday
everydaylife
lifewith
withthe therealities
realities
ofof
power
power the
the international
internationalstage.
stage.
in aa globalizing
globalizingworld.
world.All
Allininall,
all,there
there
areare
few
few
dis-
dis- PT
appointments
appointments and
andmany
manystrengths
strengthsinin
this
this
impressive
impressive volume.
volume.ItItdeserves
deservestotobecome
become
a basic
a basic
text.
text.
DS * Booth, Ken, ed., 1998. Statecraft and Security:
The Cold War and Beyond. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. 358pp. ISBN
0-521-479-770.
* Aydin, Mustafa, ed., 1998. Turkey at the
Ken Booth, who needs no introduction for stu-
Threshold of the 21st Century: Global Encounters
and/vs Regional Alternatives. Ankara: Inter- dents of International Relations, invited 'a group
national Relations Foundation. 232pp. ISBNof influential and distinguished scholars to write
975-96633-0-9. short and accessible think-pieces on major
themes, with minimal academic paraphernalia,
This book, issuing from a conference of the
andsame
a high ratio of ideas and argument to descrip-
name held in November 1997 by the tive detail' (xiii). The idea was to honour Michael
International Relations Foundation of Ankara in
MccGwire - and, indeed, one chapter in this
book, written by Booth and five co-authors,
cooperation with Ankara University and NATO,
describes the life-time achievements of this out-
groups together papers presented by 13 acade-
mics and bureaucrats on Turkey's role in inter-
standing scholar. But this volume offers the best
national relations after the Cold War. The book credit to his memory simply by presenting what
is divided into six parts, with the final part MccGwire valued most: a high concentration of
serving as a summary and evaluation. The con- unorthodox and thought-provoking ideas. After
ference papers are thematically, if somewhat arbi-making a short but rich excursion into the history
trarily, arranged under these sections, each of the Cold War, the book expands into nine
addressing a particular aspect of Turkey's inter- essays on the 'powers and politics' of the current
national role. The first part begins with the pol-period, which is commonly defined through the
itical aspects of Turkey's regional role as well as
term 'post-'. One may complain that the unique
its trans-Atlantic links, starting, not suprisingly,position of the USA has not received adequate
with its relations to NATO. This continues in attention, that Russia and the turbulent space
the second part with the military dimension around of it have been not analysed with really pen-
Turkey's strategic importance and security con-etrating insight, or that the Middle East has been
cerns. The third part focuses on Turkey's much- completely forgotten. But the amount and
touted role as a bridge between continents, variety of clean academic thought here is perhaps
presenting its ties from Central Asia to the beyond compare. In the final section, Barry
Balkans. This is followed by an examination of itsBlechman, Anthony Giddens, Philip Allott, and
European dimension and relations to the EU, Ken Booth himself attempt a look
ominously followed by a section entitled 'Are 'beyond' - offering few answers or conclusi
There Alternatives for Turkish Endeavours?' but plenty of questions and challenges. This b
Each part is followed by a discussion of the is a real treat for the scholar and a treasure for
papers presented and questions to the speakers. student.
Participants at the conference were academics, PB
including authoritative names from Turkish and
foreign universities, and policymakers, including
NATO and Turkish Ministry officials. The con-
tributions are not heavily theoretical but are * Buzan, Barry; Ole Waiver & Jaap de Wilde,
aimed at policymakers in Turkey and abroad. 1998. Security: A New Framework for Analysis.
Some contain flagrantly pro-Turkish analyses London: Lynne Rienner. 239 pp. ISBN
but, even so, these prove valuable in revealing 1-55587-784-2.

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 BOOK NOTES 609

With the end of the Cold War, the Western had

had to
to confront
confrontthe
the
problem
problem
of of
what
what
to do
towith
do with
economic system has expanded beyond its tra- 'peace'
'peace' ininwhatever
whatever frayed
frayed
shape
shape
hadhad
beenbeen
ditional boundaries, and the economic rivalry attained. Jarat Chopra, Director of the
between the participants has increased accord- International Relations Program at Brown
ingly. In this timely book, Buzan and his co- University, Rhode Island, is the foremost advo-
authors claim that this has strengthened the case cate of methods of peace-maintenance. He draws
for a wider security agenda because it has sharp- on extensive experience from the field as well as
ened the actors' general fears of becoming the academic experience and uses studies of Somalia
losers in the system. The authors further assert and Western Sahara to propound in coherent
that the lessened military antagonism of the post- argument the case for peace-maintenance in two
Cold War era has acted to create a situation basic stages: political and operational. He
where the threat to the position of a state is not observes that the UN tends to confuse the words
'diplomatic' and 'political'. Peace-maintenance is
only seen as coming from the military sector, but
also as being a consequence of economic, 'specifically the overall political framework, as
environmental, societal, and political factors. Thepart of which the objectives of diplomatic activi-
book thus poses an alternative to the traditionalties, humanitarian assistance, military forces and
posture of security studies by advancing thecivilian components are not only coordinated but
widened agenda and being at the forefront ofharmonized' (p. 9). The operational concepts are
international relations. Buzan and his co-authors governorship, control, partnership, and assist-
make a particularly significant contribution hereance. This unified concept is important because it
by successftlly confronting the claimed lack of coincides with the UN's belated realization that
theoretical coherence of the widened agenda in these operations should be coordinated more for-
general and the Copenhagen School in particular. mally with the operations of NGOs. The UN has
By employing a constructivist approach, the been moving in this direction by trying to ratio-
authors have managed to create a coherent ana- nalize the tasks undertaken by its affiliated
lytical framework in which they draw a distinc- humanitarian and economic agencies to coax
tion between the securitization and the maimed, often self-maimed, states into eventu-
politization of threats. This enables them to ally running the government of their own people.
extend the security agenda beyond its military Chopra argues not for a busy-body form of neo-
core without encountering the frequent pitfall colonial
of trusteeship but for a far more compre-
the 'wideners' who claim that 'everything is hensive and ordered approach based on the
security'. By specifying the relevant sectors andapplication of international law. Critics who have
levels of analysis, and by showing the intercon-written that peace-maintenance cannot be
nected and mutually constitutive character of applied in practice should read this volume care-
these, Buzan, Waever, and de Wilde have deliv- fully and remember the daily evidence of the
ered a valuable contribution to the study of results of 'the violence of non-intervention' (p.
security in today's post-Cold War international198).
system. AM
MRH

* Cortright, David, ed., 1997. The Price of

* Chopra, Jarat, 1999. Peace-Maintenance. The Peace: Incentives and International Conflict
Evolution of International Political Authority.Prevention. Lanham, MD: Rowman &
London: Routledge. 261pp. ISBN 0-415- Littlefield, 347pp. ISBN 0-8476-8557-8.
19483-0.
This book is one of the weightier spinoffs from
The international community has sought forthe Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly
decades, mainly through the UN, to organize Conflict. It seeks to explore the possibilities of
peace between warring states and parties. This using incentives to reduce tensions and prevent
process has evolved from traditional, interposi- conflict escalation. The starting point is the rela-
tional peacekeeping into a more assertive phase of tive inattention in both theoretical and policy-
peace-enforcement. The methods used and oriented research to the use of incentives in
results obtained have been mixed and generallyinternational politics, compared with the volumi-
not durable. Those involved in these processesnous
all literature on the use of coercion, deterrence,

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