A mobile database is a database that can be connected to by a mobile computing

device over a mobile network. A database that is portable and physically separate from
the corporate database server. But Mobile Database is capable of communicating with
that corporate database server from remote sites allowing the sharing of corporate
database.

NEED FOR MOBILE DATABASE Need for data to be collected as it happens Business
Today Means Anytime, Anywhere, Any Device Mobile users must be able to work
without a wireless connection due to poor or even non-existent connections. Need to
access data while the mobile user is disconnected from the network—wireless or
otherwise. This capability is best implemented by incorporating persistent data storage
using a mobile database in your application.

FEATURES OF MOBILE DATA BASE Provide relational database services but require
little memory Analyze and manipulate data on a mobile device Handle SQL queries on
the road Users can choose to - Work online with a central DBMS server - Download
data & work on them - Capture real-time data & Synchronize later Are customized for
mobile applications

APPLICATIONS OF MOBILE DATABASES

BUSINESS

 information on customers, competitors, and market trends – anytime, anywhere

 Salespersons can update sales & customer data on the move.
PUBLIC SECTOR
US Army uses mobile database technology to get current inventory and
readiness info that can save them logistical costs.
HEALTH SECTOR
1 Used by Physicians to store and retrieve information while making their rounds
2 Used by doctors & Para medics to retrieve vital patient history & treatment info
while attending to patients in battle fields & remote accident locations

1. THREE PARTIES• Mobile databases typically involve three parties: FIXED

HOSTS MOBILE UNITS BASE STATIONS
2. 14. Fixed hosts perform the transaction and data management functions with the
help of database servers. Mobile units are portable computers that move around
a geographical region that includes the cellular network (or "cells") that these
units use to communicate to base stations. (Note that these networks need not
be cellular telephone networks.) Base stations are two-way radios, installations in
fixed locations, that pass communications with the mobile units to and from the
fixed hosts. They are typically low-power devices such as mobile phones,
portable phones, or wireless routers.
 The internet is a network of computers linking many different types of computers all over the world.
It is a very large wide area network (WAN) connecting computers and networks around the world
It makes it possible for millions of users to connect to one another via telephone lines, cable lines and
satellites.

how did the Internet developed?

internet was born in late 1960’s
The internet has its root in the ARPANET system of the Advanced Research Project Agency of U.S.
Department of Defense which linked together mainframe computers to form a communication networks.
ARPANET is known as the forefather of internet.

Basic services of internet

Electronic mail
It is also known as e-mail in short
it enables to send and receive a mail (message).
It is Faster than paper mail
Images, audio, video can be sent along with text.

File transfer Protocol (FTP)

It enables users to move a file from one computer to another computer.

Telnet
Telnet service enables users to login to another computer on internet from their local computer for using:
Computing power of remote computer
Software on remote computer
Database of remote computer
This action is called ‘remote login’.

Usenet News
Usenet news service enables a group of internet users to exchange their views, ideas, information on some
common topic of internet.
A newsgroup is like a large notice board accessible to all members belonging to the group.

The World Wide Web

It is a most popular method of accessing internet.

It uses a concept called hypertext.
Hypertext documents on internet are known as web pages.
Web pages are created by using a special language called Hyper Text Markup Language (html)

Uses of the Internet ?

1. On-line communication
2. Software sharing
3. Exchange of views on topics of interest
4. Posting of information
5. Product promotion
6. Feedback about products
7. Customer support services
8. Online journals and magazines
Digital Library

A digital library is a library in which collections are stored in digital formats (as opposed
to print, or other media) and accessible by computers.

The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks.
A digital library is a type of information retrieval system.

It provides the architecture to model, map, integrate, condense and transform scattered
information housed in digital documents.

Types of digital libraries

Document Digital Libraries

It is a distributed network of interlinked information mainly for electronic publishing

Books, reports, paper materials, electronic files, video and audio

Digital document formats( word processing, spreadsheets, audio recordings, digital

video)

Data warehouses

these are Central Information repositories for combining and storing vast amounts of
historical and reference data from a number of different sources.

It is a physical separation of an organization’s operational data systems from its

decision support systems.

Benefits

No physical boundary, Round the clock availability, Multiple accesses, Structured

approach, Information retrieval, Preservation and conservation, Space, Networking,
Cost

Limitations

Although digital libraries do away with these fees, digital libraries can be no less
expensive in their own way to operate.

large costs incurred for the conversion of print materials into digital format, for the technical
skills of staff to maintain them, and for the costs of maintaining online access (i.e. servers,
bandwidth costs, etc.).
Meaning

 A spatial database is a database that is optimized to store and query data related to objects in space
, including points , lines and polygons.

 Some spatial databases handle more complex structures such as 3D objects, topological coverages,
linear networks, and TINs

Features

 Spatial Measurements: Computes line length, polygon area, the distance between geometries, etc.

 Spatial Functions: Modify existing features to create new ones, for example by providing a buffer
around them, intersecting features, etc.

 Spatial Predicates: Allows true/false queries about spatial relationships between geometries.
Examples include "do two polygons overlap" or 'is there a residence located within a mile of the area
we are planning to build the landfill.

 Geometry Constructors: Creates new geometries, usually by specifying the vertices (points or
nodes) which define the shape.

 Observer Functions: Queries which return specific information about a feature such as the location
of the center of a circle.

Advantages

 Minimises Data Redundancy by enabling Data Integration thus providing Data Consistency .

 Data Sharing

 Data Independence

 Uniform Security, Privacy and Integrity Controls

 Data Replication

Disadvantages

 Product Expense

 High Overheads – Maintenance and Support specialists – High end hardware

 Skills – Require trained users

 DBMS unnecessary when

– Database and applications are simple, well defined, and not expected to change.

 Examples of non-spatial data

Names, phone numbers, email addresses of people

 Examples of Spatial data

Census Data, NASA satellites imagery - terabytes of data per day,Weather and Climate Data

Rivers, Farms, ecological impact