Definition : Cloud computing is a method of providing a set of shared computing resources

that includes applications, computing, storage, networking, development, and deployment

platforms, in other word is a large pool of systems are connected in private or public networks,
to provide dynamically scalable infrastructure for application, data and file storage (Hurwitz,
2012).

architectural components of cloud computing :

1. Software as a Service (SaaS) : Cloud services on this type are provided in the form of
software. Examples of SaaS are Google Apps (Docs, Spreadsheets, etc.), Office 365,
and Adobe Creative Cloud. On SaaS Service service users only need to use the
application without having to understand and take care of how the data is stored or how
the application is in maintenance, because it is a service provided by the service
provider.
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS) : Cloud counterparts of this type are provided in the form
of platforms that users can use to create applications on them. Examples of PaaS are
Amazon Web Service, Microsoft Azure, etc. The things a PaaS service user can do is
build apps, upload apps, test, and configure.
3. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) : The IaaS Cloud service is essentially a physical
server box and a virtual computer. IaaS provides companies with computing resources
including servers, networks, storage and data center space.
4. Daas (Data as a Service) : DaaS allows consumers to pay for what they are actually
using rather than the site license for the entire database. some DaaS offerings provide
table-style abstractions that are designed to scale out to store and retrieve a huge amount
of data within a very compressed timeframe. Example : Amazon S3, Google BigTable,
and Apache HBase, etc (Kumar, 2012)

diffrence between cloud and grid computing :

grid computing : one of the types of Parallel Computing, is the use of resources that involve
multiple computers geographically dispersed but connected via communication channels
(including the Internet) to solve large-scale computing problems. The faster the communication
path is open, the chances to combine computing performance from separate computing sources
are increasing.
In addition, Grid aims to provide the maximum computing capacity for a huge task through
resource sharing. Cloud aims to suffice as many small-to-medium tasks as possible based on
users’ real-time requirements. Therefore, multi-tenancy is a very important concept for Cloud
computing. (kumar,2012).
Issues in cloud computing
1. Privacy : the risk of user data will be accessed by others because hosting is done
together
2. Reliability : cloud also has downtimes and slowdowns as our local server.
3. Compliance : refers to the risk of deviations from the provider's level of compliance
with regulations applied by the user
4. data ownership refers to the risk of losing ownership of data once data is stored in the
cloud
5. data mobility : refers to the possibility of data sharing between cloud services and how
to recover data if one day the user to termination process to cloud computing services.
 6. Long- Term Viability : refers to The possibility of data will be lost after the cloud
system is damaged or broke
7. Issues in Cloud Interoperability, such as Intermediary Layer, Open Standard, Open
API, and SaaS and PaaS Interoperability.
Popular cloud computing platforms

Security and privacy issue

Security on Demand which Cloud computing can manage five component together to
achieve goals :
1. Availabilty : cloud computing system enables its users to access the system (e.g.,
applications, services) from anywhere.
2. Confidently : because Data Security is a crucial element that warrants scrutiny,
costumer fear losing data to competition and the data confidentiality of consumers.
3. Data integrity : keeping data integrity is a fundamental task, because data is the main
souce that build up cloud computing.
4. Control : refers to regulate data in the system of cloud.
5. Audit : to control and watch what happend to out data in the cloud system.