Nama ketua kumpulan: _____________________________________ Ting:_______________

Panduan menulis laporan eksperimen

Tujuan: Ayat yg bermula dengan 'untuk mengkaji/menyiasat/menentukan...' Contoh – Untuk menyiasat

kesan bendasing terhadap takat didih air suling.

Penyataan Masalah:
Ayat pertanyaan: Adakah/apakah/bolehkah/bagaimanakah... tentang kaitan antara p.u
dimanipulasikan dengan p.u bergerak balas dan berakhir dengan tanda soalan (?)
Contoh – Adakah bendasing boleh meningkatkan takat didih air suling?

Hipotesis:
Pilih dari tiga bentuk ayat yg boleh digunakan dibawah(mengikut kesesuaian):
1) Semakin bertambah/berkurang p.u dimanipulasikan semakin bertambah/berkurang p.u
bergerak balas.
-sesuai bagi p.u dimanipulasikan yg mempunyai data bernombor yang cenderong utk bertambah
@ berkurang.
2) Jika p.u dimanipulasikan begini, maka p.u bergerakbalas begitu.
- sesuai bagi p.u dimanipulasikan yg mempunyai dua data perbandingan sahaja (biasanya tidak
melibatkan nombor).
- Contoh – Jika bendasing/garam dimasukkan kedalam air suling, maka takat didih air suling
akan meningkat.
3) Jangkaan hasil eksperimen.
- Contoh- Bendasing/garam (p.u dimanipulasikan) boleh meningkatkan takat didih(p.u
bergerakbalas) air suling.

Pemboleh Ubah:
a) dimanipulasikan : Iaitu perkara yg dibezakan sebelum eksperimen dijalankan. Contoh –
Kehadiran garam/bendasing.
b) bergerak balas : Iaitu perkara yg akan dicatat hasil dari eksperimen. Contoh – Takat didih
c) dimalarkan : Iaitu perkara yg disamakan dalam eksperimen(biasanya tentang bahan,
bukan radas). Contoh – Isipadu air suling.

Bahan: Apa-apa yang digunakan dalam eksperimen dan apabila selesai akan dibuang. Contoh – Air
suling dan garam.
Radas: Apa-apa yang digunakan dalam eksperimen dan apabila selesai akan disimpan kembali. Contoh –
Dua bikar 250ml, rod kaca, tunku kaki tiga, penunu Bunsen dan termometer.

Cara Kerja:

[Lakaran gambar rajah yg sesuai]

Minggu Sains 2012 - Idatat

 1. Persedian radas. contoh - Dua buah bikar 250ml dilabelkan A dan B masing-masing.
2. Mengawal p.u. dimalarkan. contoh – Bikar A dan B disikan dengan 200ml air suling.
3. Mengawal p.u. dimanipulasi. contoh – Bikar B disikan dengan 5 gram garam dan dikacau
hingga larut (bikar A tidak ditambah garam).
4.Mengawal p.u. bergerakbalas. contoh – kedua-dua bikar A dan B dipanaskan hingga mendidih.
Takat didih diukur dengan termometer dan dicatatkan dalam jadual keputusan.

Keputusan:
- Menyediakan sekurang-kurangnya jadual dua lajur. Lajur pertama untuk p.u. dimanipulasikan
dan lajur kedua untuk p.u. bergerak balas.

Contoh:

(p.u. dimanipulasikan + unitnya) (p.u. bergerak balas + unitnya)

contoh – Kehadiran garam/bendasing contoh – Takat didih (°C)
Bikar A (Air suling) 100
Bikar B (Air suling + garam) 104

Analisis :
a) Kiraan/Plot graf jika perlu.
b) Pemerhatian
Jelaskan perbezaan yang dapat diperhatikan sahaja daripada p.u. bergerak balas dalam jadual
keputusan. Contoh - Takat didih air suling + garam lebih tinggi dari takat didih air suling sahaja.

Pentafsiran data:
-Inferens
Tuduhan yang boleh dibuat berdasarkan bukti yang telah ditunjukkan dalam pemerhatian anda.
(tuduhan ini menjawab penyataan masalah di atas atau menyempurnakan tujuan eksperimen
ini.Biasanya kaitkan dengan teori yg anda belajar ).Contoh – kehadiran bendasing/garam telah
menyebabkan peningkatan takat didih air suling.

Kesimpulan:
-Jika hasil keputusan menyokong/sama seperti yg dinyatakan dalam hipotesis
• maka salin balik hipotesis kepada kesimpulan.
• Nyatakan hipotesis diterima.
-Jika sebaliknya
• Nyatakan hipotesis ditolak.
• maka tulis semula ayat hipotesis yang dibetulkan mengikut keputusan eksperimen.

Contoh – Bendasing/garam boleh meningkatkan takat didih air suling. Hipotesis diterima.

Minggu Sains 2012 - Idatat

 The name of group leader: _____________________________________ Form: _______________
Guide for the experiment report

The Aim : A sentence started with 'to investigate or to determine ... " Example - To investigate the effect
of impurities on the boiling point of distilled water.

Problem Statement:
A question: What / which / whether / how etc... about the relationship between manipulated
variable and responding variable and ended with a question mark (?)
Example - Is impurities can increase the boiling point of distilled water?

hypothesis:
Choose from three types of sentences that can be used below (as appropriate):
1. The increase or decrease manipulated variable the increase or decrease responding variable.
- appropriate for manipulated variable that have the numerical data which tends to decrease or
increase.
2. If manipulated variable this way, then responding variable will be so.
- suitable for manipulated variable that having two data comparisons (usually does not involve
numbers).
- Example - If the impurity / salt added into distilled water, the boiling points of distilled water will
increase.
3. Expected results of the experiment.
- Sample- Impurity / salt (manipulated variable) can increase the boiling point (responding
variable) of distilled water.

variables:
a)Manipulated variable: What is distinguished or differenciated before the experiment is carried out.
Example - The presence of salt or impurities.
b)Responding variable: What is recorded from the results of the experiment.
Example - Boiling point
c)Constant or fixed variable: What is same in the experiment (usually about substance, not the
apparatus). Example - The volume of distilled water .

Materials: Anything used in the experiment and when completed will be removed. Example - Distilled
water and salt.
Apparatus: Anything used in the experiment and when completed will be kept back. Example - Two 250 ml
beakers, glass rod, tripod stand, Bunsen burner and thermometers.

Procedure:

[draw a suitable diagram here]

Minggu Sains 2012 - Idatat

 1. Preparation of apparatus. Example - Two 250 ml beakers labeled A and B, respectively.
2. Control of constant variable. Example - Beaker A and B is filled with 200 ml of distilled water.
3. Control of manipulated variable. Example - Beaker B is added with 5 grams of salt and stirred
to dissolve (beaker A with no added salt).
4. Control of responding variable. Example - Content of beakers A and B are heated to boil.
Boiling point is measured with a thermometer and recorded in a table.

Results:
- Provide at least two-column table. The first column for manipulated variable and the second
column is for responding variable.

Example:

(manipulated variable + unit) (responding variable + unit)

example - The presence of salt or impurities example - Boiling point (° C)
Beaker A (distilled water) 100
Beaker B (distilled water + salt) 104

Analysis:
a) Calculation/Plot the graph if necessary.
b) Observation
Clarify the differences that can only be observed from responding variable in the table of result.
Example - Boiling point of distilled water + salt is higher than the boiling point of distilled water
only.

Interpreting data:
-inference
Blame that can be made based on evidence that has been shown in your observation. (The blame
should answer the problem statement or accomplish the purpose of the experiment. Usually
associate it with the theory you learn). Example - The presence of impurities or salt causing the
rises in boiling point of distilled water.

Conclusion:
-If the result support or same as stated in the hypothesis
• then copy back the hypothesis to conclusion.
• State that hypothesis is accepted.
-If otherwise
• State that hypothesis is rejected.
• then write the hypothesis that is corrected in accordance with experimental results.

Example - Impurities or salt can increase the boiling point of distilled water . Hypothesis is
accepted.

Minggu Sains 2012 - Idatat