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WIKIPEDIA
Help:Section
‘See also: MOS:SECTIONS and WP: Manual of Style/Accessibility § Headings
This help page is a how-to guide.
~ It details processes or procedures of some aspect or aspects of
Wikipedia's norms and practices. Itis not one of Wikipedia's policies or
guidelines, as it has not been thoroughly vetted by the community.
A page can and should be divided into sections, using the section heading
syntax. For each page with more than three section headings, a table of
contents (TOC) is automatically generated. This page explains the syntax of
these clements. For information about how to name sections or how to use
sections to structure articles, please read the Wikipedia:
Contents
Creation and numbering of sections
Numbering
Sorting order
Table of contents (TOC)
Positioning the TOC
Floating the TOC
Limiting the TOC's depth
Linking to the TOC
Replacing the default TOC
Horizontal TOC
Section linking
Section linking and redirects
Section editing
‘Adding a section at the end
Editing before the first section
Preview
Subsections
Editing a footnote
Editing a page with large sections
Sections within parser functions
Editing sections of included templates
Sections vs. separate pages vs. transclusion
Section transclusion
Labeled section transclusion
‘Template-style section transclusion
Section marking
Section transclusion
Sections for demo above
Demo http:!/example.com
See also
Footnotes
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Wikipedia:Processes
Article creation
Introductory
Getting started with Wikipedia
Article wizard
Your first article
Suggested articles
Most-wanted articles
Requested articles
Images needing articles
Concepts and guidelines
Standard layout
Lead section
Sections
Stub articles
Categorization
Development processes
Atticle development
Moving a page
Merging articles
Featured article criteria
The perfect article
Meta tools and groups
WikiProject: Articles for creation
Special:NewPages
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New articles by topic
Recent additions (DYK)
anesier2018 Halp'Saction - Wikipedia
Creation and numbering of sections
For details on how to name sections, or about using them properly to structure articles, see
Wikipedia:Guide to layout.
Sections are created by creating their headings, as below.
= Subsection ===
‘sub-supsection
Please do not use only one equals sign on a side (=Heading=). This would cause a section heading to be as large as the
page's name (title). ‘The maximum number of equals signs is six.
Heading names of sections (including subsections) should be unique on a page. Using the same heading more than
‘once on a page causes problems:
+ An internal ink (wiklink) to a section, inthe form [[Article name#Section heading], will only link to the first
section on the page with that name, which may not be the intended target ofthe link, See also Linking to sections
of articles.
= When a section with a duplicate name is edited, the edit history and summary will be ambiguous as to which
section was edited,
= When saving the page after a section edit, the editor's browser may navigate to the wrong section
Numbering
For registered users who use Preferences —+ Appearance + Auto-number hea
of contents and at beginning of each section heading.
igs, sections are numbered in the table
Sor
For the ordering of (appendix & footer) sections, sce: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout § Order of article elements,
g order
Table of contents (TOC)
"wi
‘able of contents" redirects here. For Wikipedia's contents, see Portal:Contents.
For each page with at least four headings, a table of contents (TOC) is automatically generated from the section
headings unless the magic word __NOTOC__ (with two underscores on either side of the word) is added to the article's,
wikitext,
Positioning the TOC
When either _FORCETOC__ or _TOC__(with two underscores on either side of the word) is placed in the wikitext, a
‘TOC is generated even if the page has fewer than four headings.
Using __FORCETOC__ places the TOC immediately before the first section heading. Using _ TOC__places the TOC at
the same position as this code.
‘Most articles have introductory text before the TOC, known as the "lead section". Although usually a section heading
should immediately follow the TOC, using __TOC__can prevent you from being forced to insert a meaningless heading
just to position the TOC correctly (i.e. not too low). However, if there is any text at all between the TOC and the first
heading, this will cause problems with accessibility.
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Floating the TOC
‘The TOC can, in some instances, be floated either right or left using {{TOC right} or {{TOC_left}} when it is
beneficial to the layout of the article, or when the default TOC gets in the way of other elements. Before changing the
default TOC to a floated TOC, consider the following guidelines:
1. If floating the TOC, it should be placed at the end of the lead section of the text, before the first section heading.
Users of screen readers do not expect any text between the TOC and the first heading, and having no text above
the TOC is confusing, See the last line in the information about elements of the lead section,
2. When floating a TOC, check whether the page layout will be harmed if the TOC is hidden by the user.
3. Long lists may create very long TOCs. The TOC should not be longer than necessary, whether its floated or not.
{{TOC Limit} can be used to reduce the length of the TOC by hiding nested subsections, rather than a floating
TOC:
4, The default TOC is placed before the first headline, but after any introductory text (unless changed by the page's,
editors). Ifthe introductory summary is long enough that a typical user has to scroll down to see the top of the
TOC, you may float the TOC so it appears closer to the top of the article. However, the floating TOC should in
most cases follow at least the first paragraph of article text.
5. Floating a wide TOC will produce a narrow column of readable text for users with low resolutions. If the TOC’s
‘width exceeds 30% of the user’ visible screen (about twice the size of the Wikipedia navigation bar to the left),
then itis not suitable for floating. (Percentages assume a typical user setup.) If text is trapped between a floating
TOC and an image, floating can be cancelled at a certain text point, see Forcing a break.
6. If the TOC is placed in the general vicinity of other floated images or boxes, it can be floated as long as the
flowing text column does not become narrower than 30% of the average user's visible screen width
7. Alefteloated TOC may affect bulleted or numbered lists.
‘Template:TOC right was proposed for deletion in early July 2005, but there was no consensus on the matter. The
archive of the discussion and voting regarding this may be seen at Wikipedia:Templates for deletion/TOCright. The
‘Manual of Style discussion can be found here.
Limiting the TOC's depth
By default, the TOC includes all the headings in the page, whatever their level. When an article or project page has a
very large number of subsections, it may be appropriate to hide lower-level subsections from the TOC. You can specify
a limit for the lowest-level section that should be displayed using {{TOC_ Limit |n}}, where n is the number of = signs
that are used on each side of the lowest-level section header that should be displayed (e.g, 3 to show ===sub-
sections=== but hid ). The Limit=n parameter can also be given to {{TOC left}} or
{{TOC right}} the same way.
ub- sub-section:
Linking to the TOC
‘The TOC is automatically generated with HTML id="toc". You can make a link to itwith ([#toc]]
= Same page:
= wikicode: [[#toc| Contents]
* link: Contents
= a related template: {{Back to contents}}
= Different page:
«= wikicode: [[Help:Wiki markup#toc|Contents]]
* link: Contents
Replacing the default TOC
The auto-generated TOC is not maximally appropriate or useful in all article types, such as long list articles and
slossaries, so there are numerous replacement templates. ‘To use one, put _NOTOC__ at the top of the article, and
place the alternative TOC template, such as ({Compact_ToC}} (which can be customized for many list styles) where
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needed.
Horizontal TOC
‘The template {{Horizontal TOC} lays out the TOC in a horizontal list rather than a vertical one. It can be practical in a
TOC with many brief entries. The ability to display a long TOC without scrolling makes it suited for tables where the
rows contain section headings. See for example: Legality of cannabis by country. See also: Legality of cannabis by U.S.
jurisdiction, Ithas 2 TOCs; a short vertical one, and a long horizontal one.
Section linking
In the HTML code for each section there is an
" attribute holding the section title. This enables linking directly to
sections. These section anchors are automatically used by MediaWiki when it generates a table of contents for the
page, and therefore when a section heading in the ToC is clicked, it will jump to the section. Also, the section anchors
can be manually linked directly to one section within a page.
‘The HTML code generated at the beginning of this section, for example, is:
pan class="ew-headline” ide"Sectior
link to this section (Section linking) looks like this:
[[Help:Sectiontsection Linking|Section Linking]]
(NB section links are case sensitive, including the first character (Help:Link).)
To link to a section in the same page you can use [[#section name|displayed text]], and to link to a section in
another page [[page name#section nane|displayed text]
‘The anchors disregard the depth of the section; a link to a subsection or sub-subseetion ete. will be [ [subsection
name}] and [[#sub-subsection name]] ete.
‘An underscore and number are appended to duplicate section names. E.g, for three sections named "Example", the
names (for section linking) will be "Example", "Example_2” and "Example_g". However, after editing section
"Example_2" or "Example_g" (see below), one, confusingly, arrives at section "Example" from the edit summary.
If a section has a blank space as heading, it results in a link in the TOC that does not work. For a similar effect see
NS.0.
To create an anchor target without a section heading, you can use the {{anchor}} template or a span:
.
To format a link to a section with a section sign ("§") rather than with "é" or custom text, use {(Seetion link} (or
{{slink}}). For example, {Section link|Foo|8ar}) is equivalent to a Foo#Bar link, but is formatted Foo § Bar.
Notes:
= An internal link in a section heading does not cause complications to section linking; however, editors who have
their preferences set to edit sections by clicking on the header will not be able to click these links:
= #Demoa
= Help:Section#Demo hitp://a
‘= http://meta, wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Section#Demo_http:.2F.2Fa
‘= The pipe trick does not work for section links:
= [[#section] ]] >
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* [[pagetsection| ]] ->
= [[namespace:page#section| ]] >
For linking to an arbitrary position in a page see Section linking (anchors).
Section linking and redirects
A link that specifies a section of a redirect page corresponds to a link to that section of the target of the redirect.
A redirect to a section of a page will also work, try e.g. the redirect page Section linking and redirects.
A complication is that, unlike renaming a page, renaming a section does not create any redirect from the old section
name. Therefore incoming links to the old section name will have to be fixed. This problem can be fixed by adding a
manual anchor link to the old name, using the Anchor template.
However, if you do not want to retain links to the old names, you will need to track them down and fix them. There is
no separate What links here feature for sections: the list does not distinguish between links to one section or another
and links to the entire page. The following possible workarounds will help "future proof” incoming links you make to a
section, but they will not help with tracking down simple links to sections during a rename:
= Instead of linking directly to a section, link to a page that redirects to the section; when the name of the section is
changed, just change the redirect target. With this method, pages linking to the section can be identified by using
What links here on the redirect page. The tools:~dispenser/cg)-bin/rdcheck.py tool can be used to find existing
section redirects.
+ Use a manual anchor when you wish to link to a section, so that you do not have to rely on the section name
being stable.
= Puta comment in the wikitext at the start of a section listing pages that link to the section.
+ Make the section a separate page/template and either transclude it into, or just link to it from, its parent page;
instead of linking to the section one can then link to the separate page.
Redirect pages can be categorized by adding a category tag after the redirect command. In the case that the target of
the redirect is a section, this has to some extent the effect of categorizing the section: through the redirect the category
page links to the section; however, unless an explicit link is put, the section does not link to the category. On the
category page, redirects are displayed with class redirect-in-category, so they can be shown in e.g. italics; this ean be
defined in MediaWiki:Common.ess. See also WP:Categorizing redirect
Section editing
Sections can be separately edited by clicking special edit links labeled "[edit" by the heading or by right clicking on the
section heading. This is called "section editing".
‘The section editing feature will take you to an edit page by a URL such as
https: //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help: Section&action-edit§ion=13,
2a may be
numbered 3, section 3 is then numbered 4, ete. You can also directly type in such URLs in the address bar of your
Note that here section numbers are used, not section titles; subsections have a single number, e.g., secti
browser.
‘This is convenient if the edit does not involve other sections and one needs not have the text of other sections at hand
uring the edit. (But if one does need the article during a section edit, you could open the section "edit" link in a new
window, or during section editing, open the article or page in a different window). Section editing alleviates some
problems of large pages by making it slightly faster and much easier to find the text that you want to change! Tt also
may help when the full page is just too large for the browser to handle all-at-once in the editor.
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Adding the code _NOEDITSECTION__ anywhere on the page will remove the edit links. It will not disable section
editing itself; the URL can still be accessed manually.
Inserting a section can be done by editing either the section before or after it. An editor can merge one section with the
previous section by deleting the heading. Note that in these cases the preloaded section name in the edit summary is
not correct, and has to be changed or deleted.
Adding a section at the end
‘Navigation on pages from “talk” namespaces provides a special link labeled "New section’, "+", or "Add topic" used to
create a new section to the end of the page.I Pages having the code __NEWSECTIONLINK__in wikitext also display this
link, regardless of the namespace.
‘The URL for such an action looks like:
https: //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?tith
Vikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit§ioi
In this case, a text box having as title "Subject/headline", will appear and the content you type in it will become the
name of the new section heading, There is no input box for the edit summary; it is automatically created. Do not edit
the last existing section to create a new one, because it will result in a misleading edit summary which will conceal
creation of the section and may confuse other users.
See also linking in an edit summary to a section, "Post a comment" feature
Editing before the first section
By default, there is no link to edit the lead section of a page, so the entire page must be edited. Lead section editing can
be enabled through Preferences + Gadgets > Appearance —+ Add an [edit] link for the lead section of a page.
Preview
‘The preview in section editing does not always show the same as the corresponding part of the full page, e.g. if on the
full page an image in the previous section intrudes into the section concerned. Also, s usually become hidden; see
#Editing a footnote for a solution.
‘The edit page shows the list of templates used on the whole page, i. also the templates used in other sections.
Subsections
Subsections are included in the part of the section that is edited. Section numbering is relative to the part that is
edited, so on the relative top level there is always just number 1, relative subsections all have numbers starting with 1:
1.1, 1.2, ete. eg., when editing subsection 3.2, sub-subsection 3.2.4 is numbered 1.4. However, the heading format is
according to the absolute level.
E
To edit a footnote rendered in a section containing the code , edit the section with the footnote mark
ing a footnote
referring to it (see Help:Footnotes). However, the resulting text of the footnote is not shown in a preview of the section
via "Show previe
"Publish changes”. A workaround is to temporarily add a or {reflist}} tag at the end of the section
prior to previewing it. But after you are satisfied with the text of the reference shown in the preview, this temporary tag,
must be removed before the edit is published,
so any mistake made by the editor will not be discovered until after the section edit is saved via
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Editing a page
Ifa page has very large sections, or is very large and has no division into sections, and one's browser or connection
h large sections
does not allow editing of such a large section, then one can still:
= append a section by specifying a large section number (too large does not matter); however, one has to start with
a blank line before the new section heading
= append content to the last section by not starting with a section heading; however, with the limitations of one’s
browser or connection, one cannot revert this, or edit one's new text
If one can view the wikitext of a large section, one can divide the page into smaller sections by step by step appending
‘one, and finally deleting the original content (this can be done one large section at a time). Thus temporarily there is
partial duplication of the content, so itis useful to put an explanation in the edit summary.
parser functions
Parts of this help page (those related to the following section
&D about conditional transclusion) need to be updated. Please
update this help page to reflect recent events or newly available
information. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page.
When conditionally (using a parser function) transcluding a template with sections, the "edit" links of this and
subsequent sections will edit the wrong section or give the error message that the section does not exist (although the
page (including TOC) is correctly displayed and the TOC links correctly). This is because for the targets of the "edit"
links the content of conditionally included templates is considered part of the page itself, and the sections are counted
after expansion.
Thus the “edit” links of the sections of the included template link to the page itself instead of the template, and the
“edit” links after the included template link to the correct page but the wrong section number.
‘More generally conditional sections give such a complication.
‘The problem does not occur when transcluding a template with a conditional name (which has more advantages). Use
‘emplate:void (backlinks edit _(hitps://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:void?action=edit)) for the template to
transclude to produce nothing,
Editing sections of included templates
‘The editing facilities can also be applied to a section of an included template. This section, Help:Editing sections of
included templates, is an example.
For the purpose of section editing the extent of a section is governed by the headers in the calling page itself, It may
consist of a part before the template tag, the template tag, and a part after the template tag, even if the template has
sections.
It tends to be confusing if the extent of sections according to the system is different from what the rendered page
suggests. To avoid this:
* if template has headers, do not put any text before the first header
* in the calling page, start a new section after a template that itself has sections
It may be convenient, where suitable, to start a template with a section header, even if normally the contents of the
template would not need a division into sections, and thus the template is only one section. The edit facilities for
editing sections can then be used for editing the template from a page that includes it, without specially putting an edit
link. This template is an example, it does not need a division into sections, but has a header at the top.
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One downside with this solution is that you can't change the seetion level in the page that inctudes the template. This
‘means that the section level you use in the template will be the same that is displayed on all your pages where you
include the template, despite the fact that this might conflict with your intended hierarchy on the different pages.
Note that a parameter value appearing in a template, for example "{{{}})", is, if we want to preserve the parameter,
not edited by editing the template but by editing the template call, even though the rendered page and its edit links do
not automatically show that. Some explanatory text and/or an extra edit link can be useful. In this case, to edit "
{({a})}" we have to edit the template tag on the page calling the template. If we use section editing the relevant section
dit link is that at the header appearing before the header in the template itself.
‘The _NOEDITSECTION__ tag in any template affects both that template, the pages it's included on, and any other
templates included on the same page.
{fake heading}} can be used in templates and help pages where the appearance of a heading is desired without
showing in the table of contents and without an edit link.
Sections vs. separate pages vs. transclusion
Advantages of separate pages:
What links here feature
separate edit histories
some template limits apply per page
. automatic redirect on renaming
loading one small page is faster than loading one large page — but are readers more likely to want to use just one
section or to browse many of the sections of the topic? - see advantages of combined pages
6. can separately be put in categories (however, see also below)
7. with Semantic MediaWiki: have separate annotations
Advantages of one combined page with sections:
1. loading one combined page is faster and more convenient than loading several divided ones
2. searching within one large page or its wikitext with a local search function is faster and has advantages over
searching several pages using the site search engine or a web search engine
3. the TOC provides for convenient navigation.
4, more likelihood of editorial cohesion of a concept compared to having several definitions likely to be
independently edited
5. duplication of items relevant to each section, such as navigation templates and infoboxes is avoided
An alternative is composing a page of other pages using the template feature (creating a compound document by
transclusion). This allows easy searching within the combined rendered page, but not in the combined wikitext. As a
disadvantage, a title for each page has to be provided. For the pre-expand include size limit this is disadvantageous
even compared with one large page: the pre-expand include size is the sum of the pre-expand include sizes of the
‘components plus the sum of sizes of the wikitexts of the components.
Section transclusion
Labeled section transclusion
Main page: Help:Labeled section transclusion
Template-style section transclusion
‘Template-style section transclusion (TST) is an older method of transcluding sections.
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Section marking
‘Mark off sections in the text using this markup:
nlydnelude>{ (Hifeq: {((transeludesection]}}) [chaptert]|
Section transclusion
Use a template call to transclude the section. For example, to transclude a section called chapter from a page called
pagex:
pagexItranscludesection=chaptert}}
‘The target page defines the location of the section.
Sections for demo above
‘This section is linked to from #Section linking.
See also
= mw:Extension:Auto-Anchor
= Template:sections
= mHelp:Parser function#ANCHORENCODE - encoding special characters (e.g. |@#$%"8"()) in the anchor is
different from percent-encoding
Manual of style
+ Wikipedia: Manual of Style (layout)
= Wikipedia: Manual of Style (lead section)
+ Wikipedia: Manual of Style (accessibility)
+ Wikipedia: Manual of Style (summary style)
Footnotes
1. Section editing has not reduced edit conflicts since 2006, which is when the Media
conflicts was significantly improved,
ki softwar
handling of edit
2. The Vector skin can hide the link under the » drop-down menu, although it is n
appearance in English Wikipedia.
1e case for the default Vector
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Catalogue of CSS classes - Useful styles - Classes used in microformats «
Ambox classes - Common,js and common.css -
User CSS for monospaced coding font
Preferences - Skins - Customizing watchlists (Hide pages) - Gadgets -
Beta Features - User soripts (Guide - Techniques) - IRC Scripts - User styles -
Tools (Navigation shortcuts - Browser tools - Alternative browsing -
Editing tools - Optimum tool set) - Cleaning up vandalism tools Citation tools
+ Wikimedia Cloud Services
Bots (Creating) - Twinkle - HotCat - WPCleaner - igloo - AutoWikiBrowser -
Navigation popups - STiki - AIC helper script - Huggle
See also: Category: Wikipedia information pages - Category:Wikipedia how-to
Further navigation at: Help pages (Administrators) - Templates - Referencing (Citation metadata) -
Accessibility - Bots - User scripts - Accounts.
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