Pronouns and Relative Pronouns Guide

Pronouns ‫الضمائر‬
First Person ‫متكلم‬ Second Person ‫مخاطب‬ Third Person ‫غائب‬

‫مفرد‬ I ‫أنا‬ You ‫ أنتي‬/ ‫أنت‬ He ‫ هو‬/ She ‫ هي‬/ It ‫لغير العاقل‬
‫جمع‬ We ‫نحن‬ You ‫ أنتن‬/ ‫أنتم‬ They ‫ هن‬/ ‫هم‬
Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive Pronouns

Pronouns Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns
‫ضمائر الفاعل‬ ‫ضمائر المفعول‬ ‫صفات الملكية‬ ‫ضمائر الملكية‬ ‫ضمائر االنعكاس‬
I me my mine ‫ملكي‬ myself ‫ بنفسي‬/ ‫نفسي‬

He him his his ‫ملكه‬ himself ‫ بنفسه‬/ ‫نفسه‬
She her her hers ‫ملكها‬ herself ‫ بنفسها‬/ ‫نفسها‬
It it its its ‫ ملكها‬/ ‫ملكه‬ itself / ‫ نفسها‬/ ‫ بنفسه‬/ ‫نفسه‬
) ‫لغير العاقل‬ ) ‫)بنفسها ( لغير العاقل‬
We us our )ours ‫ملكنا‬ ourselves ‫ بأنفسنا‬/ ‫أنفسنا‬
They them their theirs ‫ملكهم‬ themselves ‫ بأنفسهم‬/ ‫أنفسهم‬
You you your yours ‫ملكك‬ yourself ‫ بنفسك‬/ ‫نفسك‬
You you your yours ‫ملككم‬ yourselves ‫ بأنفسكم‬/ ‫أنفسكم‬
Choose the correct answer:

1) I know he didn’t write this. It’s not _______________ handwriting.
a) her b) my c) his d) your
2) As a child, Sara liked to make ______ own lunch to take to school.
a) my b) her c) his d) your
3) My brother likes to study by ______________ , not with his friends.
a) himself b) herself c) yourselves d) themselves
4) Mariam’s husband has started a new job and ___________ really enjoys it.
a) I b) he c) it d) they
5) We took the cat to the animal hospital because ____________ leg was hurt.
a) its b) their c) our d) my
6) My father has a new villa . ________________is very expensive.
a) He b) It c) Its d) Itself
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7) Did you enjoy the soup? She made it _______________ .
a) yourself b) herself c) themselves d) ourselves
8) This is my school bag . Where is ____________________ .?
a) my b) me c) your d) yours
9) My brother is an accountant. ______________ works in a school.
a) He b) His c) He’s d) He is
10) The family living next door is friendly. I like _______________children a lot.
a) they b) their c) them d) theirs
11) My friends and I spend Friday together. _________ favorite hobby is swimming.
a) Our b) We c) Their d) Us
12) Is that your book on your desk? Yes, it is _______.
a) mine b) me c) my d) I
13) The people living next door are friendly. I like_______ a lot.
a) they b) them c) their d) theirs
14) Waleed’s car is red. _______ is blue.
a) My b) He c) Mine d) Me
15) Hamad watched his children carefully as_______ crossed the street.
a) they b) us c) them d) him
16) We are going soon, so you can come with _______.
a) we b) them c) they d) us
17) I wonder why Salem rushed off. Did you upset______?
a) he b) him c) we d) they
18) Ali would like to invite ________ to his wedding.
a) you b) I c) they d) she
19) “Is that your book on the desk?” “Yes, it is ___________________ .
a) mine b) me c) myself d) my
20) I want to phone Mr. and Mrs. Dennis. Do you have ____________ phone number?
a) they b) them c) their d) theirs
21) Asma and her cousins go abroad together. _______ Favorite country is Holland
a) Hers b) They c) She’s d) Their
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Relative Pronouns ‫ضمائر الوصل‬
. ‫نستخدم ضمير الوصل ليحل محل االسم أو الضمير في الجملة الثانية‬

Ex: The boy was tall. He broke the glass. The boy, who broke the glass, was tall.
Relative Usage Example

Pn.
Who ) ‫للعاقل ( فاعل أو مفعول‬ The boy, (who) I met, was playing.
The boy, who studies hard, gets high marks.
Whom ) ‫للعاقل ( مفعول فقط‬ The boy, (whom) I met, was playing.
Which ‫لغير العاقل‬ I drove the car which my father bought me.
That ‫للعاقل وغير العاقل‬ The boy, (that) I met, was playing.
I drove the car that my father bought me.
Whose ‫للملكية ( مع العاقل وغير‬ This is the woman whose son died.
) ‫العاقل‬ The dog, whose leg was broken, was small.
When ‫للوقت‬ The holiday is a nice time when we enjoy.
Where ‫للمكان‬ This is the school where we learn.
Why ‫للسبب‬ I don’t know the reason why he was absent.
How ‫للكيفية أو الحال‬ He told me how to face challenges.
What all ‫لألشياء مسبوقة ب‬ This is all what I have.
‫مالحظات هامة‬
. ‫ مع غير العاقل‬Which ‫ مع العاقل و‬Whom ‫اذا سبق الضمير حرف جر فأننا نستخدم‬
Ex : The boy , with whom I played yesterday , made an accident.
This is the school in which I learnt.
. ‫ ) عند استخدامهم مكان المفعول‬who , whom , which , that ( ‫يمكن أن نحذف‬
Ex: The boy I met yesterday was playing. / I drove the car my father bought me.
. ‫الحظ أن هناك فاعل اخر في الجملة‬
:‫ال يجوز أن نحذف ضمير الوصل اذا أتي مكان الفاعل في الجملة الثانية‬
Ex : The boy , who studies hard , gets high marks.
/ I ate the apple that was on the table.
whoever ) ‫أي شخص ( سواء فاعل أو مفعول‬ ) wherever ( ‫أي مكان‬

whomever )with ‫أي شخص ( مفعول فقط ويسبقه حرف جر مثل‬ (whenever ( ‫أي وقت‬
whichever ) ‫ ايهما ( لألختيار بين اثنان‬/ ‫أي‬ ‫ ) ) تستخدم للتعبير عن‬however ( ‫مع ذلك‬
) whatever ( ‫أي شيء‬ .‫التناقض‬
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1) I gave the letters to my friend John, _________ was on his way to England.
a) who b) which c) whom d) whose
2) They had a party for Reem , _______________ science project won a prize.
a) that b) which c) whom d) whose
3) We should plan a menu ______________ includes fish.
a) where b) which c) what d) whose
4) I prefer travelling in the winter ________ the weather is more comfortable.
a) who b) where c) which d) when
5) I’m going to Kenya, ________________ I hope to go on safari.
a) who b) whom c) which d) where
6) The lady ________________ car was damaged in the accident is very sad.
a) who b) whose c) whom d) which
7) The person ______________ visited your house was very nice.
a) who b) which c) what d) where
8) Mustafa ____________you met in my house , was so smart .
a) whose b) whom c) when d) which
9) The shop owner wondered ____________I was looking for.
a) what b) how c) why d) when
10) That old green house is the place _______________ I grew up.
a) when b) which c) that d) where
11) Children _____________ eat a lot of sugar often get fat.
a) which b) who c) whose d) whom
12) The story, ________ was written by Najeeb, will probably win an award.
a) who b) whose c) which d) where
13) The pilot ________ is flying the plane is very clever.
14) This is the house in ________ I live.
15) The pupil ________ is clever succeeds every year.
16) Fatima, ________ mother makes lovely cakes, has invited us to tea.
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17) This is the house ________ my grandfather was born.
a) which b) when c) who d) where
18) The teacher ________ we all like is ill today.
a) how b) whom c) whose d) which
19) The house________ they have rented is in the center of town.
a) who b) where c) which d) whose
20) He is the man ________ wife died last week.
a) whose b) where c) who d) which
21) I really enjoyed the time ________ we went to that Italian restaurant.
a) who b) when c) whom d) which
22) The student ________ the teacher punished last week is still angry.
a) whose b) which c) when d) whom
23) He bought all the books ________are required for the course.
a) that b) who c) where d) whose
24) I remember the day________ I graduated like it was just yesterday.
a) which b) who c) when d) whom
25) The lady wondered ______________ the post office was closed.
a) who b) how c) why d) what
26) A dictionary is a book _____________ we can find meanings of words.
a) who b) where c) when d) which
27) The boy didn’t understand _________ his friend was crying.
a) who b) which c) why d) what

1) _______________ is a huge crack in the wall caused by the last earthquake.
a) Their b) There c) This d) It
2) ___________ new students from Bahrain in our class.
a) There is b) They are c) There are d) He is
3) _______________ was a long queue in front of the cinema.

a) Their b) There c) They d) These
4) ………………… a lot of errors in the student’s essay.
a) there is b) they are c) their d) there are
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Question Words
Who ‫من‬ ‫ الفاعل او المفعول العاقل‬How ‫كيف‬ ‫الحال أو وسيلة المواصالت‬
When ‫متى‬ ) tomorrow( ‫ الوقت او الزمن‬How old ‫كم عمر‬ (10 years old ( ‫العمر او السن‬
Where ‫أين‬ ) to school... ( ‫ المكان‬How many ‫كم عدد‬ ) two / three …. ( ‫العدد‬
Which ‫آى‬ ) the red ..( ‫ االختيار أو التفضيل‬How much ‫كم ثمن‬ ‫ ) أو الكمية‬2 Dollars (‫السعر‬
What ‫ماذا‬ ) car / dog .. ( ‫ غيرالعاقل‬How far ‫ما بعد‬ ) 5 km far ( ‫المسافة‬
Why ‫لماذا‬ ) because – to – for ( ‫السبب‬ How long ‫كم طول‬ ‫ ) أو المدة‬3 m long (‫طول األشياء‬
for a day / since 1990 ( ‫الزمنية‬
Whose ‫لمن‬ ) Ali’s / his … ( ‫الملكية‬ How tall ‫كم طول‬ ) 150 cm ( ‫)طول األشخاص‬
How + adj = What + n
How tall? What height?

How long? What length?
How old? What age?
How much? What price?
How big? What size?
How far? What distance?
How many ( ‫) اسم جمع‬ How many boys … ?

How much ( ‫) اسم ال يعد‬ How much water …. ?

1) ________________ were you late for dinner?
a) Who b) Why c) What d) Which
2) _________________ is the tallest person in your family?
a) Whom b) Who c) Why d) Whose
3) _________________ time does your class start?
a) What b) When c) Where d) How
4) How ________________, is Dubai from RAK? - 96 Km.
a) old b) long c) far d) much
5) _______________ sugar do you want in your tea?
a) How many b) How often c) How far d) How much
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6) The shop owner wondered _______________ I was looking for.
a) what b) how c) why d) when
7) ---------------- is your friend? - 18 years old.
a) How many b) How long c) How far d) How old
8) _____________ is responsible for this damage? - The children.
a) What b) Whose c) Who d) Whom
9) _____________ do you plan to stay in Abu Dhabi?
a) How much b) How many c) How long d) How far
10) _____________ - It's 7.30 .
a) What the time is b) What is time c) What is it time d) What time is it
11) ------------------ can you achieve your objectives? By planning a strategy.
a) When b) What c) How d) Where
12) ----------------did they cancel their plan? - Because of the bad weather.
a) Where b) When c) How d) Why
13) _______________ car is this ? - It's my brother's .
a) Whose b) who c) which d) whom
14) ____________ did it rain last week? - Heavily
a) How b) Where c) Why d) When
15) ______________ have you been studying? - For three hours.
a) How many b) How often c) How long d) How far
16) ____________ did it take you to finish the project? -A whole month.
a) How old b) How often c) How much d) How long
17) ---------------- is the weather like in Dubai? - Very fine.
a) When b) What c) Where d) Why
18) ---------------- have discovered a treasure? - The workers
a) Whom b) Which c) Who d) What
19) ----------------- did the car accident take place? - Last night.
a) How b) Why c) Where d) When
20) ------------------ is Ali fond of? - Collecting stamps.
a) What b) Where c) When d) Why
21) -------------------- does Mary go to the library? - Twice a week.
a) How often b) How many c) How much d) How far
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22) ------------------ is the capital from this village? - 50 kilometers
a) How much b) How big c) How long d) How far
23) ---------------- are clothes made of? - Cotton and other plants.
a) How b) When c) Where d) What
24) ---------------- will she phone her friend? - To ask about the homework.
a) How b) Why c) When d) Where
25) ---------------- did they travel? - By a 4 -wheel drive car.
a) Why b) When c) How d) Where
26) ---------------- will her wedding cost? - 40,000 DHs.
a) How old b) How often c) How much d) How long
27) ---------------- did he pay? - With a visa card.
a) How b) Why c) When d) Where
28) ---------------- does Ali organize his time? - Carefully.
a) How b) Why c) What d) When
29) --------------------- notebook is this? - Tom’s.
a) Who b) Whose c) Which d) What
30) --------------------- color do you prefer black or blue? - Black.
a) Whom b) Who c) What d) Which
31) --------------------- color do you prefer? - Black.
a) Whom b) Who c) What d) Which
32) ________________ is this building? - 50 meters.
a) How high b) How long c) How far d) How big
33) _____________ doesn’t Mona like? Playing chess.
a) Who b) Which c) What d) Whose
34) _____________ boy is your cousin, the fat or the thin one?
a) Who b) Which c) What d) Whose
35) ____________ are you going? I’m going to the market.
a) Who b) When c) Where d) What
36) ____________ did it take you to finish the exam?
a) How often b) How far c) How long d) How much
37) ____________ luggage are you going to take?
a) How much b) How many c) How d) How far
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. ‫ نكون السؤال المذيل بأستخدام الفعل المساعد ثم ضمير يعود علي الفاعل‬-
.‫ اذا كانت الجملة مثبتة ننفي الفعل المساعد واذا كانت الجملة منفية نكتب الفعل المساعد في شكل األثبات‬-
. ‫ ) للماضي البسيط‬did ( ‫) للمضارع البسيط و‬do , does ( ‫ اذا لم يكن هناك أفعال مساعدة نستخدم‬-
Sentence Tag Question Sentence Tag Question

It is very cold , isn’t it ? My friends play football don’t they ?
They will come , won’t they ? ,She watches TV , doesn’t she ?
My friends haven’t have they ? He has to study , doesn’t he ?
studied
He can ,drive a car can’t he Ali broke his leg , didn’t he ?
,
I’m not fine today , am I ? Let’s play soccer , shall we ? ) ‫( أقتراح‬
I’m a good student aren’t I ? Let us go out , will you ? ( ‫) طلب أذن‬
,
Open the door , will you ? ( ‫) أمر‬ Let us ‫ ( بعد‬will you ? ( ‫ و‬Let’s ‫ ) بعد‬shall we ? ( ‫نستخدم‬
Don’t come late , will you ? ) ‫( نهي‬ Every one is here , aren’t they ?
‫ ) في األمر والطلب المهذب‬will you ? ( ‫نستخدم‬ every one / ( ‫ ) اذا كان هناك‬they ( ‫نستخدم الضمير‬
. ‫والنهي‬ . ‫ ) في الجملة‬every body
: ‫هناك بعض الكلمات تعبر عن النفي وعند وجودها في الجملة نضع الفعل المساعد مثبت ومنها‬
Scarcely - hardly – rarely – never – neither – nor – none – no one – no body – nothing –
no where – little – few – quite often Ex: I have little water, do I?
1) The little girl’s playing with her sister, -----------------she?
a) hasn’t b) has c) isn’t d) is
2) He never helps the poor , …………. he ?
a) does b) doesn't c) is d) isn't
3) Reem ate little food , ………. she ?
a) did b) didn't c) does d) doesn't
4) You’d better study, ………. you ?
a) had b) would c) hadn't d) wouldn't
5) You’d rather come early, …………. you ?
a) would b) wouldn't c) had d) hadn't
6) I'm studying my lessons now,……… I ?
a) am b) amn't c) aren't d) wasn't
7) I'm not playing now, ………… I ?
a) am b) amn't c) are d) aren't
8) Your sister watches TV every day,…………… she ?
a) does b) doesn't c) is d) did
9) Let's go to the park, ………………. ?
a) will we b) shall we c) do we d) don't we
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Verb ‫الفعل‬
Helping (aux.) verb Main verb

‫فعل مساعد‬ ‫فعل أساسي‬
‫المصدر‬ be ‫اذا كانت الجملة مبنية للمعلوم يأتي بعدهم فعل منتهي‬
. ‫ ( ليعبر عن أزمنة مستمرة‬ing ) ‫ب‬
‫المضارع‬ am / is / are Ex: My sister is sleeping now.
‫الماضي‬ was / were

‫اذا كانت الجملة مبنية للمجهول يأتي بعدهم فعل في‬
V3 been . ‫التصريف الثالث‬
Ex: Football was played yesterday.
‫المصدر‬ have
‫المضارع‬ have / has

. ‫يأتي بعدهم فعل في التصريف الثالث‬
‫الماضي‬ had Ex: I have just played football.
He has already eaten his dinner.
V3 had
‫المصدر‬ do
‫المضارع‬ do / does
. ‫يأتي بعدهم فعل في المصدر‬
‫الماضي‬ did Ex: Did you play football yesterday?
My brother doesn’t go to school.
V3 done
Subj. be ‫يكون‬ have ‫يمتلك‬ do ‫ يفعل‬/ ‫يعمل‬

I am('m) was have ('ve) had ( 'd ) do did
He
She is was have ('ve) had ( 'd ) does did
It (' s)
‫األسم المفرد‬
We
You are were has ('s ) had ( 'd ) do did
They ('re)
‫األسم الجمع‬
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1) His books and computer _______________ the only things on the desk.
a) am b) was c) are d) is
2) Her children _________called Fatimah and Mariam.
a) is b) am c) are d) was
3) The response of most participants to the recent changes ________________, positive.
a) were b) are c) be d) was
4) Yesterday _______________ an awful day.
a) were b) is c) be d) was
5) There _______________ a valuable collection of stamps in my album.
a) will b) is c) are d) were
6) Their new boss _______________ dark brown hair and green eyes.
a) is having b) have c) having d) has
7) The young _____________ the future in their hands.
a) has b) having c) are d) have
8) Both of my cousins ______________ long black hair and brown eyes.
a) are having b) have c) having d) has
9) The deaf __________ in need of hearing aids.
a) is b) are c) be d) was
10) ________________you going home when you heard the explosion? - Yes, I was.
a) Were b) Was c) Are d) Have
11) ________________ you make mistakes in composition? - Yes, I make some.
a) Do b) Did c) Does d) Done
12) _______________you ever been to London? - No, I’ve never been there.
a) Has b) Had c) Have d) Are
13) Where _________ you from?
a) are b) do c) is d) have
14) ___________ she a teacher?
a) Is b) Does c) Are d) Has
15) Where ___________ you yesterday?
a) are b) were c) was d) did
16) Where ___________ she born?
a) is b) was c) were d) has
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17) When __________ you last speak to Tom?
a) did b) do c) were d) had
18) _____________there any cheese left?
a) Are b) Is c) Do d) Has
19) ____________ there many people in the theatre last night?
a) Was b) Did c) Were d) Have
20) ___________ you come here often?
a) Do b) Does c) Are d) Have
21) How long __________ it take to get there?
a) is b) are c) does d) do
22) Where_________ you this morning?
a) were b) are c) is d) do
23) I __________ many problems with my health last year.
a) have b) had c) having d) has
24) __________ Ahmed come to school early yesterday?
a) Did b) Does c) Do d) doing
25) I'm sorry, I ______ understand what you said. Could you say it again?
a) haven't b) wasn't c) didn't d) hasn't
26) I don't know what I ______ doing at three o'clock. I can't remember.
a) were b) have c) was d) did
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To + inf. / V+ing
want - need - would like - hope – plan - try –

to + ‫مصدر الفعل‬
afford- fail- refuse – arrange- tend- decide- forget-
Ex: Does he want to play soccer ?
learn-promise - offer – manage )
My father told me to study well.
( ask - tell – advise – teach - persuade - expect -
encourage – help –remind ... )
to + ‫مصدر الفعل‬
It's + adj. (important / vital / necessary/ easy …. ) It's important to play sports.
( make / let ) – ( had better / would rather ) to ‫مصدر الفعل بدون‬

)Let's / Why not / Why don't you ? ) Comedy films make me laugh.
You’d better study all your lessons.
(go – like- prefer-hate-appreciate- enjoy -avoid-
keep- complete - finish -stop-quit-give up-mind-
V + ing
suggest-imagine-fear-miss-practice-deny-involve-
Did you go swimming yesterday ?
risk- fancy- can't stand-can't help- regret- look
Would you mind coming early ?
forward to -It’s no use / good – It's worth …..
( in , on , at , of , for , about , by , : ‫حروف الجر‬ V + ing

with , without , through ,during ….. ) I'm fond of reading stories.
( After , Before, when, : ‫الروابط الزمنية اذا حذفنا الفاعل‬ While running, he fell down.
while, As soon as…..)
( There is / are + object ) V + ing

There is a man waiting for you.
( Verb + object )
I saw some boys swimming in the sea.

1) I’d be happy _______________ you with that.
a) help b) to help c) helps d) helped
2) This children’s book is easy __________________
a) understand b) understood c) to understand d) understanding
3) Her mother told her_____________ her room.
a) clean b) cleans c) cleaned d) to clean
4) I like cooking but I hate ________________ the dishes.
a) wash b) washing c) washes d) washed
5) He prefers _________________ to walking.
a) run b) runs c) ran d) running
6) I need ___________ my time.
a) plan b) to plan c) planning d) plans
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7) I decided ______________ an intensive course in English soon.
a) to take b) to taking c) taking d) will take
8) Let me ____ you.
a) help b) helping c) to help d) helps
9) The scientist wants ____ his hypothesis.
a) prove b) proving c) proved d) to prove
10) The teacher asked Mona____ carefully.
a) listened b) listening c) to listen d) listens
11) Would you like ____?
a) come b) coming c) to come d) came
12) He refused ____ me the car.
a) lent b) lending c) to lend d) lend
13) She taught me ____ it.
a) do b) to do c) doing d) did
14) I don't feel like ____ a film.
a) watching b) watch c) to watch d) have watched
15) Do you mind ____ it with you?
a) take b) took c) to take d) taking
16) We are trying ___ this problem.
a) to solve b) solving c) solve d) solved
17) He stopped ___when he got married.
a) to smoke b) smoking c) smoked d) smoke
18) She made us______ the whole house.
a) cleaning b) clean c) to clean d) cleaned
19) I suggest _____________ our friends in the countryside.
a) visits b) visit c) visited d) visiting
20) I enjoy ___________ for food.
a) shop b) shopped c) shops. d) shopping
21) I advise you to avoid ______________ too fast.
a) drive b) to drive c) drove d) driving
22) I appreciate _______________ romantic poetry.
a) reading b) reads c) read d) readers
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23) I can't stand_____________ any person bleeding too much.
a) seeing b) saw c) to see d) seen
24) Let’s _______________ an English course during the summer vacation.
a) took b) take c) taking d) takes
25) You had better ____________ well before going to the interview.
a) dressed b) dress c) to dress d) dressing
26) Do you mind ____________ for more information on the Internet?
a) searched b) searches c) search d) searching
27) I look forward to ---------------- my family.
a) met b) meet c) meeting d) meets
28) I regret not __________ your party yesterday.
a) attending b) attend c) attended d) attends
29) I'd like ________ medicine at the UAE University.
a) to study b) studying c) study d) studies
30) You need a lot of qualifications ______ a doctor.
a) being b) been c) to be d) be
31) There are a couple of people ______ to see you, Dr Johnson. Shall I send them in?
a) waited b) are waiting c) have waited d) waiting
32) My little brother is fond of _____________ sweets since he was 4 .
a) eat b) ate c) has eaten d) eating
33)What about ------------------- our grandfather tomorrow?
a) visit b) visiting c) will visit d) visits
34) Why not _______________ in the Grand Mosque on Friday?
a) prays b) praying c) pray d) prayed
35) Before _________ a final decision, the boss wanted to get everybody's opinion.
a) make b) makes c) will make d) making
36) They are interested in -------------- stamps.
a) to collect b) collection c) collecting d) collects
37) After ------------------ the high school, he joined the university.
a) leave b) leaving c) left d) had left
38) I ‘m not keen on _____ tennis.
a) play b) playing c) to play d) played
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Ex : Please phone me when you go to the club. : ‫تذكر أن فعل األمر يكون في المصدر‬
Ex: Playing sports makes you fit. ( s ) ‫ ( في بداية الجملة ) والفعل األساسي بعده يكون منتهي ب‬ing ‫يمكن استخدام ( فعل منتهي ب‬
Choose the correct answer :

1) Please _______________ me when you get home.
a) call b) calls c) to call d) calling
2) My brother is finding that _________________ is not as easy as it looks.
a) drove b) drives c) driving d) driven
3) ____________too much sugar is bad for your health.
a) Eat b) Eats c) Eaten d) Eating
4) ___________when you are not hungry is bad.
a) Eating b) Ate c) Eat d) Eaten
5) I’ll be back in a few minutes ___________ here, please.
a) Wait b) Waits c) Waited d) Waiting
6) ________ him alone!’ shouted the mother to her daughter.
a) Leave b) Leaving c) Leaves d) Left
7) ____ the country to study is a very hard feeling.
a) Leave b) Left c) Leaving d) Living
8) ______________ English short stories to improve your language.
a) Reading b) Read c) Readers d) To read
9) _______________ TV less than 3 hours a day in order to study well.
a) Watching b) Watch c) Watched d) To watch
10) _____________ your homework is more important than watching TV.
a) Do b) To do c) Did d) Doing
11) _________ making that noise. I"m going crazy!"
a) Stop b) Stopping c) Stops d) Stopped
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Present Simple ‫مضارع بسيط‬
Affirmative ‫اثبات‬ Negative ‫نفي‬ Question ‫سؤال‬

- Inf. ( play / go ) ‫مصدر الفعل‬ ( don’t / doesn’t ) + ‫المصدر‬ ( do /does ) + ‫ الفاعل‬+‫? المصدر‬
-V+s ( plays / goes )) s + ‫) فعل‬ don’t / doesn’t ( play / go ) Do you play? / Does he play?
always - usually- sometimes - occasionally- often-rarely-seldom-never - every ( day/week .. )
Ex : I study my lessons every day. . ‫* يعبر المضارع البسيط عن حدث يحدث كل يوم او حقيقة علمية‬
Ex : The train leaves at 4:00 pm. .... ‫ الطائرات‬, ‫* نستخدم المضارع البسيط لمواعيد القطارات‬
After I finish university, I will have a job. .‫* نستخدم المضارع البسيط بعد الروابط الزمنية للتعبير عن المستقبل‬

1) Bollywood films usually ______________ with a wedding or something happy.
a) end b) ends c) ending d) to end
2) The train to London _____________at 09:35.
a) leave b) leaves c) leaving d) to leave
3) Najla neither hates nor __________________ golf.
a) loves b) love c) loving d) loved
4) My sisters_________ 4 mobile phones.
a) have b) are having c) is have d) having
5) Their mother_________ for all the family.
a) cook b) cooks c) cooking d) cooker
6) The Palio , a traditional horse-race , ____________place in Italy every year .
a) take b) had taken c) taking d) takes
7) I am used to getting up early in the morning because work __________ at 8.00 a.m.
a) starting b) started c) will start d) starts
8) Water______ at zero degrees.
a) freezes b) is freeze c) is freezing d) freeze
9) James _____________ early every day.
a) leaves b) leave c) left d) had left
10) The sun _____________ in the east.
a) rose b) rise c) rises d) rising
11) A new car _______________ more than you expect.
a) cost b) costing c) costs d) the cost
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12) Water ____________ at 100 degrees Celsius.
a) boil b) boils c) boiling d) has boiled
13) Mary never _____________ letters to her friends.
a) writes b) write c) is writing d) writing
14) They never _____________ blue wholly.
a) see b) sees c) will see d) has seen
15) Traders ------------------- many goods from China.
a) import b) imports c) are imported d) to import
16) My cousin ………… playing football.
a) enjoy b) enjoying c) enjoys d) is enjoy
17) My new teacher…………blond hair and blue eyes.
a) is having b) have c) having d) has
18) Your sister usually …………. swimming on the weekend
a) go b) going c) gone d) goes
19) In some countries, elections………… place every four years.
a) take b) takes c) taking d) are taking it
20) Where does your father ………………. ? He works in a bank.
a) works b) worked c) working d) work
21) She is going to call me__________ she knows what movies are playing tonight.
a) until b) when c) while d) before
22) Physics ……………… much effort.
a) require b) requiring c) requires d) required
23) Doing exercises …………… you fit and healthy.
a) keeping b) kept c) keep d) keeps
24) By the time you finish this course, you __________ a strong grasp of CEPA.
a) would have b) had had c) will have d) have
25) When it’s very hot outside, people ________________ inside.
a) stay b) stays c) to stay d) stayed
26) My brother usually _______________ to music when he’s studying.
a) listens b) listening c) listen d) is listening
27) Give me a call when you ______ home.
a) are getting b) got c) get d) have got
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Past Simple ‫ماضي بسيط‬
Regular ( played ) ‫منتظم‬ didn’t + ‫المصدر‬ Did + ‫الفاعل‬+ ‫? المصدر‬
Irregular ) went ) ‫شاذ‬ didn’t ( play / go ) Did you ( play / go…) yesterday?
yesterday - once - one day - ago - in the past - last ( day / week ..) - in 1990 - WW1

1) Mohammed _________ flying with his friends next Thursday.
a) is going b) went c) going d) has gone
2) Yesterday afternoon Sarah _______________ to the station to meet Paul.
a) went b) was going c) had gone d) has gone
3) Margaret Thatcher ______________ Britain’s first woman prime minister in 1979.
a) has become b) became c) will become d) was becoming
4) The old lady didn't ……………….. the fast car coming towards her .
a) seen b) see c) saw d) sees
5) I _____ up at seven o'clock yesterday.
a) got b) gets c) get d) have got
6) Shakespeare ______ many very famous plays and poems.
a) write b) writes c) wrote d) have written
7) The children _____________ their time at the park yesterday.
a) enjoyed b) enjoy c) enjoying d) enjoys
8) The Second World War ______________ in 1939.
a) broke out b) breaks out c) breaking out d) has broken out
9) The secretary ____________the mail to the manager’s office 15 minutes ago.
a) took b) takes c) has taken d) taking
10) They were very careful. They didn’t _______________ the printing errors.
a) overlooked b) overlooking c) have overlooked d) overlook
11) Our team ____________ the football match a month ago.
a) win b) wins c) won d) has won
12) The neighbors __________ their dog because it was making so much noise.
a) selled b) sold c) had sold d) sell
13) I have no idea where she __________ that dress, but she ought to return it!
a) buys b) bought c) was buying d) is buying
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14) We bought some bottles of water and ____________ them in the park.
a) drank b) drinking c) drink d) drinks
15) The boy fell from the tree and __________ his leg.
a) broke b) broken c) had broken d) was breaking
16) The last month _________ great developments in the Middle East.
a) witnessing b) witness c) witnesses d) witnessed
17) The water in this lake -------------------- 2 years ago.
a) dried b) drying c) dries d) has dried
18) Al Razi ------------------ in Tehran.
a) is born b) born c) was born d) bearing
19) Each Arab country ---------------- one English newspaper at least.
a) publish b) publishes c) publishing d) to publish
20) I was sure she ------------------- the answer.
a) know b) knows c) will know d) knew
21) Where did you ……………. yesterday? - I went to the zoo.
a) go b) went c) going d) to go
22) We __________ married twelve years ago at a beautiful ceremony in a park.
a) have been b) are c) were d) was
Future Simple ‫مستقبل بسيط‬

( will / shall ) + ‫( المصدر‬play) won’t + ‫ ( المصدر‬play ) Will + ‫ الفاعل‬+ ‫?المصدر‬
I will play tomorrow. I won’t play tomorrow. Will you play tomorrow?
(am-is-are)+going to + inf. (am-is-are) not + going to + inf. (Am-Is-Are)+ ‫ الفاعل‬+ going to +inf.?
I’m going to play tomorrow. I’m not going to play…… Are you going to play tomorrow?
Tomorrow - next (day / week ...) - soon - today - in the future - in (two weeks) - hope - wish
. ‫) للتعبير عن النية أو عندما يكون هناك دليل‬going to ( ‫نستخدم‬

Ex: Today, I’m going to visit my friend. / It’s cloudy. It’s going to swim.
: ‫ ) للتعبير عن المستقبل المؤكد‬am / is / are + V + ing ( ‫نستخدم المضارع المستمر‬
Ex: My sister has a ticket. She is traveling to London tomorrow.
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1) Khalid ____________ skiing with his classmates next weekend.
a) went b) going c) is going d) has gone
2) Ali ___________swimming with Badr and Hassan next Friday .
a) has gone b) went c) is going d) going
3) What ______ tonight? Anything special?
a) have you doing b) are you done c) are you doing d) do you
4) It’s so hot in here. I ______ turn the air-conditioning on.
a) will b) will be c) am d) am going to
5) The program ______ at three o'clock tomorrow.
a) will finish b) finishes c) finished d) has finished
6) Our great grandfathers ------------------- in tents.
a) live b) lived c) living d) has lived
7) I think I --------------- the exam
a) pass b) would pass c) will pass d) passing
8) I think I will ---------------- business administration at the university.
a) study b) studying c) to study d) studies
9) The plane --------------------- off in a few minutes.
a) will take b) would take c) to take d) taking
10) I am ________________ for the airport at two o’clock.
a) left b) leave c) leaves d) leaving
Present Continuous ‫مضارع مستمر‬

(am-is-are ) + v + ing ( playing) (am-is-are ) not + v+ ing ( Am-Is-Are) + ‫الفاعل‬+V + ing ?
I’m playing now. I’m not playing now. Are you playing now?
now - at this moment - at the present time - these days - this week - Look !- Listen !
Present Simple & Present Continuous ‫مضارع بسيط ومضارع مستمر‬
Ex: I'm studying my lessons now. . ) ‫* يعبر المضارع المستمر عن حدث مؤقت ( يحدث االن‬
Ex: The pollution is increasing every year. .‫*يعبر المضارع المستمر عن حدث يحدث بشكل تدريجي‬
Ex: I drink two cups of tea every day. ‫* ال نستخدم األزمنة المستمرة مع االرقام وانما نستخدم األزمنة البسيطة‬
/ I’m drinking tea now.
. ‫* نستخدم المضارع البسيط مع أفعال الحواس والشعور واالعتقاد والملكية ( لحظة الكالم ) ألنها أفعال ال ارادية‬
Ex: I see a bird in the sky now. / I think she is a kind girl. / He has a car.
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1) Our best friend…………..a wonderful holiday in Paris this week.
a) is having b) have c) having d) are having
2) He can’t talk to you because he ________________ his homework.
a) did b) does c) is doing d) will do
3) Look! The students________________, the school yard now.
a) is cleaned b) are cleaning c) cleans d) is cleaning
4) We can go out now .It ___________ any more.
a) hasn’t rained b) isn’t raining c) wasn’t raining d) doesn’t rain
5) Sorry, he can't come to the phone. He _____ a bath!
a) has b) is having c) having d) had
6) Look! It ______ again .Why does it always snow so much in Germany?
a) ’s snowing b) snow c) ’s snow d) snows
7) Jassem _____ his blue jeans today, but usually he wears a kandora.
a) wear b) is wearing c) wears d) wearing
8) Listen carefully, the principal ______________ about the CEPA exam.
a) talk b) is talking c) was talking d) has talked
9) Don't make so much noise. Fatma _____ to study for her math test.
a) tries b) tried c) is trying d) try
Past Continuous ‫ماضي مستمر‬

(was -were )+ v + ing (playing) (was /were )+ not + v + ing (was / were ) + ‫الفاعل‬+ V+ ing?
I was playing at 6:00 last day. I wasn’t playing at 6:00 last day. Were you playing at 6 last day?
While ( As ) ‫ بينما‬- When ‫ عندما‬- All ( day - night ) ) ‫ الليلة‬/ ‫ طوال (اليوم‬- at 6:00 yesterday
Past Simple & Past ‫ماضي بسيط وماضي مستمر‬

Continuous
‫ الحدث المستمر نضعه في الماضي المستمر والمفاجئ‬, ‫عندما يكون هناك حدثان في الماضي األول مستمر واالخر مفاجئ‬
Ex : While I was running , I fell down. / When I fell down, I was running. .‫في الماضي البسيط‬
While / As / Just as ‫بينما‬ ) ‫) ماضي مستمر‬
.‫ فأننا نستخدم الماضي المستمر‬, ‫أما اذا كان الحدثان مستمران في نفس الوقت‬
Ex : While I was studying , my sisters were playing.
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1) She ___________ apples for the dessert all yesterday afternoon.
a) peels b) was peeling c) was peel d) were peeling
2) The tourists at the desert camp __________ camels and trying Arab food.
a) rode b) ride c) had ridden d) were riding
3) I ___________________ all day yesterday. I am so tired.
a) was working b) worked c) works d) will work
4) She couldn’t answer the phone because she______________ when it rang.
a) drives b) drove c) has driven d) was driving
5) The students ________________, when their teacher came in .
a) wrote b) was writing c) were writing d) write
6) Majid _________________ when the door bell rang.
a) sleeping b) was sleeping c) slept d) is sleeping
7) John and Mary ______ living in London when they got married.
a) did b) was c) have d) were
8) What ______ you doing when I rang last night?
a) did b) were c) was d) have
9) While John __________ fish, he started to choke on a bone.
a) had eaten b) ate c) was eating d) were eating
10) While we ____________ walking along the corniche, we saw an accident.
a) fighting b) fight c) were fighting d) had fought
11) The whole family __________ when the alarm went off.
a) was sleeping b) sleeping c) slept d) sleep
12) They __________ the roof on the building when it collapsed.
a) would put b) were putting c) put d) putted
13) _________ when the house was burgled?
a) Had you sleep b) Were you sleeping c) Have you slept d) Will you sleep
14) She always __________ to her radio while doing her homework.
a) listens b) listening c) was listening d) listen
15) I took my umbrella ________ it was raining.
a) in order to b) whereas c) just as d) unless
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Present Perfect ‫مضارع تام‬

( have / has ) + V3 (played ) (have /has)+ not + V3 (played) ( have / has ) + ‫ الفاعل‬+ V3 ?
I have just played tennis. I haven’t played tennis yet. Have you played yet?
just - already - ever - never - for - since- yet - several times - so far - lately - recently
Present Perfect Continuous ‫مضارع تام مستمر‬

( have / has ) + been + V+ing (have /has)+ not + been+ V+ing (have /has) + ‫ الفاعل‬+ been+ V+ ing
I have been playing for 2 hours. I haven’t been playing ….. Have you been playing …..?
just - already - ever - never - for - since- yet - several times - so far - lately - recently
Present Perfect & Present Perfect Continuous ‫مضارع تام ومضارع تام مستمر‬
.‫نستخدم المضارع التام للتعبير عن حدث بدأ في الماضي وانتهي في الحاضر ( له أثر ) وقد يستمر في المستقبل‬
Ex: The road is wet. It has rained. / I haven't bought a car yet. I will buy one next year.
The players are resting. They have played a good match.
She’s been studying for two hours. (Duration) .‫المضارع التام المستمر يعبر عن مدة استمرار الحدث‬
She’s studied three lessons. (Result) ‫المضارع التام يعبر عن نتيجة الحدث‬
since ‫قاعدة‬
‫مضارع تام‬ since ‫ماضي بسيط‬
I have known him since we were children. / I haven't seen him since he traveled.

1) The train _______________ the station yet.
a) hasn’t left b) has left c) leaves d) leave
2) We ________________Hamad since his arrival last month.
a) don't see b) haven't seen c) won't see d) didn't see
3) We _____________ everywhere for Peter. Have you seen him?
a) looking b) have looking c) have been looking d) been looking
4) John ____________ his brothers since yesterday.
a) haven't seen b) didn't see c) doesn't see d) hasn't seen
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5) I'm not interested in seeing that film. I ______ it before.
a) was seen b) have seen c) was seeing d) have been
6) This is the best pizza I ______. I must get the recipe.
a) have ever had b) am ever having c) have been had d) will never have
7) We ______ all our money already. Please send us some more!
a) spend b) spends c) spent d) have spent
8) She______the house since 9 o’clock.
a) is cleaning b) has cleaning c) has been cleaning d) been cleaning
9) ______ everyone finished the exercise? Can we continue?
a) Was b) Had c) Did d) Has
10) I am looking for Paul …………………….him?
a) did you see b) do you see c) have you seen d) had you seen
11) They ____________ very hard for the past 3 weeks. They really need a break.
a) are working b) have working c) have been working d) been working
12) I _________ my homework.
a) have just done b) just have done c) have done just d) just done
13) How long _______________ collected stamps?
a) have he b) has he c) he has d) did he
14) How long ________________________ in Kuwait?
a) have you lived b) are you living c) has you lived d) live
15) I can’t have dinner with you. I __________ already.
a) eaten b) am eating c) have eaten d) eat
16) They _____________________ married for 3 years
a) are b) have c) have been d) has been
17) Faisal works in a hospital. He ______________ there for 2 years.
a) has worked b) have worked c) work d) has working
18) Belal _______________ had three accidents since he got his driving license .
a) was b) have c) had d) has
19) Mouza is ill. She has been ill ___________ the last few days.
a) for b) after c) till d) since
20) ------------- you ever -------------- Mount Everest ?
a) Has ---- climbed b) Did ---- climb c) Have ---- climbed d) Do ---- climb
25
Past Perfect ‫ماضي تام‬

had +( V3 ) ( played / gone ) hadn’t + (V3) (played/ gone ) had + ‫ فاعل‬+ ( V3 ) ( played ) ?
I had played tennis . I hadn’t played tennis . Had you played tennis?
( After - As soon as ) / ( Till - Until ) / ( Before - By the time )
Past Simple & Past Perfect ‫ماضي بسيط وماضي تام‬
‫ الحدث األول يكون ماضي تام والحدث الثاني يكون ماضي بسيط أو نضع‬, ‫عندما يكون هناك حدثان متعاقبان في الماضي‬
.‫الحدثان في الماضي البسيط‬
EX: He had studied well so he got high marks. He got high marks because he studied well.
I looked for the sky which I had lost. / She asked me what I had played.
When I went to the club, I had finished my homework.
‫الروابط الزمنية مع الماضي البسيط والماضي التام‬
After I had studied my lessons , I went out. (After / As soon as) ) ‫) ماضي تام‬
Before I went out , I had studied my lessons. ( Before / By the time ) ) ‫( ماضي بسيط‬
) had + P .P ( ‫ ) وبعدها ماضي تام‬didn’t + ‫ ) نستخدم ماضي بسيط منفي ( المصدر‬Till / Until ( ‫قبل‬
Ex: I didn’t go the club till / until I had studied my lessons.
:while , as , just as ‫وأيضا يمكن استخدام زمن الماضي البسيط مع كل الروابط السابقة مع عدا‬
Ex: I waited till the train came. / After I studied, I went out.
/ I saw many monkeys when I went to the zoo.

1) I didn’t go with them to the cinema because I __________ the movie already.
a) had seen b) was seeing c) see d) am seeing
2) They were worried about their son because they __________ from him for two months.
a) hasn’t heard b) don’t hear c) wouldn’t hear d) hadn’t heard
3) I don’t think he had __________ before he left school.
a) graduated b) graduate c) graduating d) graduates
4) We had a 6-hour stopover in London, and then __________ to Washington.
a) flew b) flied c) flight d) fly
5) By the time I got home, they _______________ dinner.
a) are eating b) ate c) had eaten d) eating
6) Jane _______________ worked for that company for 15 years when she retired.
a) had b) would c) has d) was
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7) The play______ before we got to the theatre.
a) was starting b) had started c) has started d) starts
8) After the exam __________, the students discussed the answers.
a) finishes b) was finishing c) had finished d) finishing
9) My brother went to the stadium after he ----------------- his homework.
a) had done b) did c) does d) doing
10) Mustafa ___________ driven for 6 hours before he arrived in Dubai last night.
a) has b) would c) had d) was
11) He __________ there for 20 years when he heard that he’d lost his job.
a) has worked b) works c) had worked d) would work
12) When the applause __________ down, she began her speech.
a) were quiet b) had quiet c) were quieting d) had quieted
13) Even before she finished her job search, she __________ a number of job offers.
a) has b) had have c) had had d) was having
14) When I was a child, we had a farm on which we __________ all sorts of vegetables.
a) were grown b) grow c) growing d) grew
15) When I was a child, I ______ a toy that looked like a dragon.
a) had b) was had c) was having d) have
16) The Smiths _________________ a new house a month after their son was born
a) have bought b) bought c) will buy d) were buying
17) When I was young, I ____________ many prizes at school.
a) win b) won c) have won d) winning
18) I had visited my aunt __________________ I took my plane to Venezuela.
a) while b) before c) if d) during
Expressing habit ‫التعبير عن العادة‬

Used to
: ‫للتعبير عن عادة في الماضي نستخدم‬ Ex: 1) When I was young, I used to

1) used to / didn't use to + ‫مصدر الفعل‬ ride a bike.
2) ( would + ‫( مصدرالفعل‬ 2) In my childhood, I would ride a bike
every day.
‫ ( مضارع‬am / is / are ) ( get / gets ) 1) Now I'm used to riding a bike.

‫ ( ماضي‬was / were ) ( got ) used to + ing
2) When I was young, I was used to
riding a bike.
27
1) She _______________ meat, but now she is a vegetarian.
a) eats b) ate c) used to eat d) eating
2) I _______________ a lot before I got married.
a) am used to travelling b) am used to travel c) use to travel d) used to travel
3) She used to ___________ meat but now she’s vegetarian.
a) eats b) ate c) eat d) eating
4) She --------------- meat, but now she is a vegetarian.
a) eats b) ate c) used to eat d) eating
5) During the last summer holidays, we __________ late almost every day.
a) would get up b) gotten up c) get up d) had gotten up
6) Every January during my childhood, my family __________ camping in the desert.
a) had gone b) had went c) would go d) was go
7) In the past, people ______________ in tents, but now they don’t.
a) to live b) lives c) lived d) used to live
8) Last week I ------------------- video games the whole night, but now I don’t.
a) played b) used to play c) playing d) play
9) Every time she took a test, she ___________ the highest mark in the class.
a) had got b) had gotten c) were getting d) would get
10) He ------------------- use to smoke.
a) didn't b) doesn't c) isn't d) hasn't
11) Hatem ______________ crying when his father shouts at him .
a) used to b) uses to c) was use to d) is used to
12) I ……………… sleeping at ten when I was a kid .
a) is used to b) use to c) got used to d) used to
13) She ___________ use to live in Dubai.
a) didn’t b) wasn’t c) isn’t d) doesn't
28
Active & Passive ‫المبني للمعلوم و المبني للمجهول‬
Active ‫مبني للمعلوم‬ Passive ‫مبني للمجهول‬
Ali writes letters everyweek . Letters are written ( by Ali ) everyweek.

She wrote a letter yesterday. A letter was written ( by her ) yesterday.
Saif will buy a car next year . A car will be bought ( by Saif ) next year.
Khaled is helping Ahmed now. Ahmed is being helped ( by Ali ) now.
She has already eaten the apple. The apple has already been eaten.
You should study your lessons . Your lessons should be studied .
( ‫ الفاعل ( صاحب الشئ‬+ have ( ‫ ) حسب زمن الحدث‬+ ‫ المفعول‬+ V3
‫الجملة العادية‬ ‫جملة السببية‬ ‫الجملة العادية‬ ‫جملة السببية‬

My sister makes me cake. I have cake made. My sister will make me I’ll have cake made.
cake.
My sister made me cake. I had cake made. My sister has just made I’ve just had cake
me cake. made.
My sister’s making me I’m having cake My sister had made me I had had cake made.
cake. made. cake.
My sister was making me I was having cake My sister’s going to I’m going to have
cake. made. make me cake. cake made.

1) Some British television programs ______________ on American television.
a) shows b) showing c) was shown d) are shown
2) Have you seen my new watch which _________________ to me by my uncle?
a) was brought b) brought c) brings d) bring
3) Do you like my new car? It _______________ for me by my father.
a) is bought b) are bought c) was bought d) bought
4) A new hospital ___________ in each village soon.
a) can build b) will build c) has built d) will be built
5) A student______ last month for cheating in the exam.
a) dismissed b) would be dismissed c) was dismissing d) was dismissed
29
6) A new hotel _____ in the center of town.
a) is being built b) built c) is building d) building
7) Sorry I'm late. I'm afraid my bike ______.
a) has been stolen b) were stolen c) being stolen d) be stolen
8) Most shops______ closed by the time I got to the shopping mall last night.
a) has b) would c) had d) was
9) My homework __________ at once.
a) has to do b) has to be done c) has done d) had to do
10) This portrait ______________ by a great artist.
a) has been painted b) paints c) painted d) painting
11) Oil and gas ------------------- to Europe.
a) exporting b) export c) is exported d) are exported
12) The car ------------------ by the mechanic recently.
a) has repaired b) repairs c) has been repaired d) repaired
13) Nine Jewish soldiers ------------------ in Palestine last February.
a) killed b) are killed c) were killed d) kill
14) This villa ------------------- twenty years ago.
a) builds b) was built c) is built d) built
15) We --------------------- to the party, but we didn’t go.
a) were invited b) are invited c) invited d) invite
16) Some houses ----------------- of palm fronds in the desert.
a) is built b) were built c) build d) built
17) Important projects ---------------- by the government lately.
a) have been made b) have made c) made d) make
18) I haven’t ______________my eyes tested for a long time.
a) had b) have c) made d) make
30
Adjectives
‫التساوي بين اثنان‬ comparative ‫عدم التساوي بين اثنان‬ superlative ‫عدم التساوي بين اكثر من اثنان‬
taller tallest
as ( tall / exciting ) as much more / less exciting than the
most / least exciting
not as / so ( tall / exciting ) as
‫صفات شاذة‬
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
bad / ill ‫ مريض‬/ ‫سئ‬ worse than ‫أسوأ من‬ the worst ‫األسوأ‬
good / well ‫ بخير‬/ ‫جيد‬ better than ‫أفضل من‬ the best ‫األفضل‬
many ‫ كثيرللعدد‬/ much ‫كثير للكمية‬ more than ‫أكثر من‬ the most ‫األكثر‬
little ‫قليل للكمية‬ less than ‫أقل من‬ the least ‫األقل‬
far ‫بعيد‬ farther than ) ‫أبعد من ) للمسافة‬ the farthest ) ‫األبعد ( للمسافة‬
further than ) ‫أبعد من ( للوقت‬ the furthest ) ‫األبعد ( للوقت‬
.) interesting ( ‫ ) لألشياء‬ing ( ‫) والصفات المنتهية ب‬interested( ‫) لألشخاص‬ed( ‫الصفات المنتهية ب‬
( The …. er / more ) : ‫* عند التعبير عن المقارنة المتوازية نستخدم‬

Ex : The more you study , the higher marks you will get .
The more you do sports , the healthier you will be .
: ‫* يمكن أن نستخدم زمن المضارع التام مع صفة المقارنة بين أكثر من أثنين‬
Ex : It is the highest mountain I have ever seen . / It is the best meal I have ever eaten.
: ( much taller / much more exciting ) ‫( قبل صفة المقارنة بين أثنين‬much / little ) ‫يمكن أن نستخدم‬
Ex : My friend is much older than me .

1) The acting was good, but the story itself was not very _______________
a) to interest b) interest c) interested d) interesting
2) That movie was really bad. It was probably the____________ movie I have ever seen.
a) bad b) worse c) worst d) most bad
3) The expensive car was _____________ beautiful than the cheap one.
a) too b) more c) as d) very
4) The blue whale is the ________________ sea animal.
a) larger b) large c) largest d) most large
31
5) Teachers often get __________________ by the end of their school day.
a) tiring b) tires c) tire d) tired
6) Football is________________ popular sport in the world.
a) the more b) the most c) most d) more
7) She always gets good grades, she must be _______________.girl in the class.
a) the most intelligent b) more intelligent c) the intelligent d) intelligent
8) My husband is ___________ patient with children than I am, I get angry very quickly.
a) so b) most c) too d) more
9) A book is _____________ than a toy-car.
a) a cheap b) cheapest c) cheap d) cheaper
10) Shakespeare is one of _____________ playwright s in the English literature.
a) the most famous b) more famous c) famous d) most famous
11) Planes are _____________ than cars.
a) fast b) faster c) fastest d) the fast
12) Algeria is one of the ______________ Arab countries.
a) biggest b) big c) bigger d) bigger than
13) The _______________ way to speak English is to practice it with native speakers.
a) good b) better c) best d) better than
14) Al Arab Tower in Dubai is one of the _______________ buildings in the region.
a) taller than b) tall c) taller d) tallest
15) The Empty Quarter is ____________ than Takla Makan.
a) the hottest b) hottest c) hot d) hotter
16) Everest summit is the -------------------- point on the earth.
a) higher than b) higher c) high d) highest
17) It's _________ than I thought.
a) good b) better c) gooder d) best
18) Brazil is __________ England.
a) big than b) bigger as c) bigger than d) big as
19) She is __________ in the class.
a) the best b) best c) better than d) as good as
20) She finished __________ than everyone else.
a) more quickly b) quickest c) quickly d) as quickly as
32
21) It was __________ test I have ever done.
a) the most hard b) the harder c) the hardest d) as hard as
22) There were __________ people at the game than expected.
a) many b) more c) most d) the most
23) This is the __________ kitchen I've ever seen.
a) dirtiest b) dirtyest c) dirtier d) as dirty as
24) She talks __________ you do.
a) the most b) as more as c) the more d) more than
25) Moa'z feels much ___________ since he stopped smoking .
a) fitter b) fit c) fittest d) the fittest
26) The new flat is ---------------------- than the old one.
a) more comfortable b) comfortable c) the most comfortable d) the comfortable
27) Ali is good at English. He can speak it________________,
a) -fluent b) fluently c) fluency d) more fluent
28) I _____________ believe that reading is the best means to improve your English.
a) strong b) stronger c) strongly d) strength
as ( adj ) as Ex : Ahmed is as tall as Ali.

not so ( adj. ) as Ex : Ali isn't so tall as Ahmed.
so ( adj. ) that Ex: Ali is so smart that he always gets high marks.
such ( adj. + n ) Ex : He is such a smart boy that he always gets high marks.
too ( adj. ) + to + inf. Ex : The tea is too hot to drink
enough ( to + inf.) / ( for + V+ing.) Ex : He isn't old enough to get ( for getting ) a driving license.

1) She is as smart _______________ her mother.
a) as b) very c) as d) too
2) The runner was ______________ tired to finish the race.
a) so b) very c) too d) that
3) Don’t worry, I’ll carry the bag to the car. It’s light ____________ to lift easily.
a) as b) than c) too d) enough
4) He enjoys travelling _______________ a lot
a) still b) quite c) too d) somewhat
5) We went to the airport early _____________ to avoid the crowd.
a) for b) so c) such d) enough
33
6) Jane is _____________ intelligent as Sarah.
a) to b) such c) very d) as
7) The car went _____________ fast that the driver couldn’t control it.
a) too b) so c) as d) very
8) The weather was ____________ cloudy that we couldn’t go on a picnic.
a) very b) so c) too d) as
9) We are ____________ tired that we can’t go for a walk.
a) so b) too c) as d) very
10) I am ------------------ tired to go to the meeting.
a) so b) very c) such d) too
11) The Physics' test was ……………… difficult for her to pass.
a) so b) too c) enough d) very
12) I'm not as successful __________ she is.
a) as b) like c) than d) that
13) The film is ______________ boring that no one wants to watch it.
a) very b) too c) so d) as
14) Happy time is __________ short as a dream .
a) as b) such c) like d) enough
15) The storm was ____________enough to uproot some trees .
a) stronger b) strong c) strongest d) strength
16) I usually have lots of energy but I am ________ tired right now.
a) even b) much c) not so d) really
17) It is ________ common for Emirati students to study at university.
a) only b) ever c) fairly d) anything
18) I love your shirt! Yes, I’m _______ pleased with it myself.
a) rather b) even c) enough d) much
19) Her voice is ____ beautiful. Do you think so? I think she sounds awful.
a) ever b) horrible c) any d) very
20) I want to know if the film is ________________ as good as people say it is.
a) too b) ever so c) not so d) really
34
Nouns
Singular ‫مفرد‬ Plural ‫جمع‬ Uncountable ‫ال يعد‬

boy boys water
egg eggs
A boy boys
Both
An egg Both eggs
boy Other boys Other water

Another The other
The other
Every boy All All water

boys
Each Most Most
This These This water

boy boys That
That Those
some some
any boys water
any
enough enough
Many Much
More More
Several Plenty of water
A lot of boys A lot of
Lots of Lots of
A few A little
Few Little water
boys
Fewer Less
35
A / An / The
‫ ) قبل االسم المفرد النكرة البادئ بحرف متحرك‬an ) ‫ ) و‬a man ( ‫ ) قبل االسم المفرد النكرة البادئ بحرف ساكن‬a ( ‫* نضع‬
. ) an old man / an hour ( ) a, e , i , o , u (
Ex: The boy, who studies hard, will get high marks. . ‫ ) قبل كل األسماء المعروفة‬the ( ‫* نستخدم‬
Some & Any
.‫ ) في السؤال العام قبل االسم الجمع واالسم الغير معدود‬any ) ‫ ) في االثبات و‬some ) ‫* نستخدم‬
Ex: I have some pens. / Is there any tea in the cup? / There isn’t any tea in the cup.
. ‫ ) في السؤال اذا كان يوحي بالطلب أو العرض‬some ( ‫* يمكن استخدام‬
Ex: Would you like some tea? / Can I have some tea?
many & much
( too many boys / too few boys ) ) too few( ‫ قليل جدا للجمع‬- (too many ( ‫* كثير جدا للجمع‬
( too much water / too little water ) ( too little ) ‫ قليل جدا للغير معدود‬/ ( too much ) ‫* كثير جدا للغير معدود‬
How many boys ? ‫ ( قبل االسم الجمع‬How many ) ‫* نستخدم‬

How much water ? ‫ ( قبل االسم الغير معدود‬How much ) ‫* نستخدم‬
Possessive ‫الملكية‬
‫ ) للتعبير عن‬children's books ( ‫ ) أو أسماء الجمع الشاذ‬The boy's book ( ‫' ) بعد األسماء المفردة‬s ( ‫* نضع‬
.‫الملكية‬
. ) the boys' books ( ) s ) ‫* نضع ( ' ) فقط بعد أسماء الجمع المنتظم أي المنتهية ب‬
: ‫* أمثلة علي الجمع الشاذ‬
man / men woman / women child / children foot / feet tooth / teeth

1) There’s a big sale on _________________ clothes at Carrefour.
a) child b) child’s c) children d) children’s
2) Please buy me some __________________ at the store.
a) pen b) a pen c) pens d) the pens
3) There's a big sale on ______________ hats at Al-Ain Mall.
a) men b) man c) man's d) men's
4) At least 10 ____________ work in this office.
a) peoples b) people c) person d) a person
5) The student didn’t have _______________ for the teacher.
a) answer b) some answer c) an answer d) an answers
36
6) My school is very near , it's only five ______________ walk from my house .
a) minute's b) minutes' c) minutes's d) minute
7) We need to buy _______________ for our living room.
a) chair b) some chair c) a chair d) a chairs
8) My sister would like to be ____________.
a) writer b) write c) writes d) a writer
9) Did you call Bill this weekend? Yes, once. He wasn’t home so I left _______________
a) a message b) messages c) the message d) message
10) My brother wants to be ______________.
a) teacher b) teach c) teaches d) a teacher
11) My ……………… usually goes to school by taxi.
a) sisters b) sister c) sister she d) sister is
12) Mohammed and Moataz went shopping last Friday without their …………….. .
a) wifes b) wife c) wive d) wives
13) My uncle ____________in the present government.
a) is a minister b) a minister c) minister d) is minister
14) I always take __________ at home.
a) lunch b) a lunch c) the lunch d) an lunch
15) His first job was working as _________ to the boss. Now he owns the company.
a) assistant b) an assistant c) the assistants d) assistants
16) She got some_________ fore her wedding present.
a) a gold b) gold c) the gold d) golds
17) Our ………sometimes goes on holiday.
a) bosses b) boss c) boss he d) boss is
18) My……………..usually gets up at 6 o'clock.
a) uncles b) uncle c) uncle he d) uncle is
19) My _______________usually goes to school by taxi.
a) sisters b) sister c) sister she d) sister is
20) The librarian, shows interest in the __________ of the library.
a) users opinion b) user's opinion c) users' opinion d) users opinions'
37
Articles / Demonstratives
1- My grandfather lived in ______________ house when he was young.

a) this b) these c) those d) an
2- Really he is ___________________ honest man.
a) an b) a c) the d) one
3-Who gave you_______ books?
a) that b) these c) they d) this
4- _______ are my books not yours.
a) This b) That c) These d) Then
5- Can you give me_______ pen, please?
a) that b) b) those c) these d) there
6- You have got to buy _______ uniform for your new job.
a) an b) a c) zero article d) the
7- Ahmed usually has _______ with his friends in the cafeteria.
a) the lunch b) the lunches c) lunch d) a lunch
8-Princess Rania has become famous for her work with_______ children.
a-a b) the c) an d) zero article
9- Nelson Mandela was born in _______ South Africa.
a) a b) an c) the d) zero article
10- _______ Soviet Union disappeared after 1989.
a) a b) the c) zero article d) an
11. Last summer we spent a few days at ……very nice hotel by the sea .
a) the b) an c) a d) so
12. She works as __________ teacher in a private school.
a) the b) a c) an d) some
13. Bill is good at playing __________ piano.
a) an b) no need c) the d) __
Quantifiers
1. She has ________________ idea what to study at university.

a) no b) any c) much d) none
2. The boy brought ________________ toys to his uncle’s house to play with.
a) any b) a lot c) much d) several
38
3. Call me if you want some help. I have ________ ideas that you might like.
a) few b) little c) a few d) a little
4. There isn’t ___________ milk in the fridge.
a) many b) any c) some d) none
5-There is ________________ cooked rice in the plate. It is enough for the time being.
a) little b) any c) a little d) a few
6-I have never read ________________ of these books.
a) some b) any c) much d) a little
7- I saw _______________ students on my way to the mall.
a) lots b) a little c) any d) several
8- Pass me _______________ salt if you don't mind.
a) lot b) a lot c) some d) many
9- He always eats too _______________oranges.
a) many b) much c) lots d) little
10 . There is ___________milk left in the refrigerator. I need to buy some.
a) little b) a little c) many d) a few
11. Thanks a lot, I don’t need _______________ help.
a) many b) few c) any d) a few
12. There isn’t________ cheese left in the fridge. We have to get some
a) any b) some c) many d) no
13 . I'd like to drink _____________ hot chocolate please.
a) few b) some c) many d) a lot
14 .Did his mother give you _____________ tea?
a) a few b) many c) some d) a lot
15-We couldn’t buy anything because ……………….of the shops was open.
a) all b) many c) none d) nothing
16-The bus service is excellent .There is a bus …………….ten minutes.
a) each b) every c) all d) some
17. Old people spend --------------- time in the sun.
a) little b) a little c) few d) a few
18. She needs ------------------ minutes to finish her meal.
a) a little b) a few c) few d) little
39
19. If you eat too ______________ sugar, you will get fat.
a) little b) much c) some d) few
20- We need to buy _______ for our living room.
a) chair b) some chair c) a chair d) a chairs
21- Could you buy me_____ stamps, please?
a) many b) a few c) a little d) several
22-- Are there_____ students in your class?
a) many b) much c) a little d) some
23-You shouldn’t drink____ coffee.
a) too many b) few c) too much d) a lot
24-The children have ____ warm clothes for this winter.
a) much b) a little c) enough d) too much
25-Are there ____ people in the park?
a) many b) much c) a little d) lots
26- “Can I have some salt?” Sorry, we don’t have____.
a) any b) many c) none d) some
27- Would you like____ milk in your coffee?
a) some b) many c) a few d) a lot
28- Don’t pay____ attention to what he says.
a) a few b) some c) many d) any
29-Can I have____ more of that tomato soup? I am really hungry.
a) few b) many c) some d) several
30-Do you have any fresh bread ? No, I am sorry. We don't have____ left.
a) some b) no c) any d) much
31- There is ____ time to get to the airport.
a) a few b) most c) many d) little
32- We had____ money left, so we went out for a meal.
a) a little b) any c) a few d) many
33- He eats _____________ junk food to stay healthy.
a) too little b) too few c) too much d) too many
34- She doesn’t have ________________ money for her taxi fare home.
a) enough b) many c) few d) little
40
35- We don’t have____ snow here.
a) many b) much c) very d) few
36 – There are ___cars on the roads of Dubai.
a) too much b) too many c) not enough d) too little
37 – Eating ___is just as bad as eating too much.
a) too b) too many c) too few d) too little
38. He always eats too --------------- oranges.
a) many b) much c) lots d) little
39. They drank too -------------- orange juice.
a) many b) much c) lots d) few
40. Children drink -------------------- of soft drinks.
a) lot b) a lot c) little d) few
41- We should play_________ in class today.
a) game b) little game c) a game d) few game
42) _______ of the boys offered their help to the old lady.
a) Another b) Each c) All d) One
43) I didn’t see_______ at the gym. The place was empty.
a) somebody b) anybody c) nobody d) someone
44) Please tell the salesman at the door that we don’t want to buy_______.
a) nothing b) something c) anything d) anyone
45) Mr Smith, _______ is here to see you.
a) no one b) someone c) anyone d) others
46) Check in that bag. I bought you _______.
a) nothing b) something c) everyone d) anything
47) My brother is the_______ wearing the red shirt.
a) one b) few c) most d) several
48) You can order almost ____________ you need from Arnazon.com and other sites.
a) nothing b) everyone c) someone d) everything
49) I don’t remember ……………….about the accident .
a) anything b) something c) nothing d) a thing
50) At that shop you can’t buy _______ for less than 80 dirhams.
a) nothing b) something c) anything d) everything
41
Another / Other ‫ أخرون‬/ ‫أخر‬
‫اسم مفرد‬ ‫اسم جمع‬ ‫اسم ال يعد‬ Examples

‫ غير محدد‬another Other boys / Other I want another cup. /
others Other people disagree.
‫ محدد‬The other ( boy ) The other boys / The other Where’s the other boy?
The others Where are the other boys?
each other ‫كالهما البعض‬
1. We arrived before all the _________________ guests at the party.
a) other b) others c) another d) one other
2. Would you like ________________ book to read ?
a) some b) other c) others d) another
3- I got two presents : one from my mother and ________________, from my friend .
a) other b) others c) the other d) the others
4- I love this chocolate. Can I get _________________ bar?
a) other b) another c) others d) the others
5- I invited four guests. Two are present. Where are _________________ guests?
a) others b) other c) another d) the other
6-I can’t fit _______________.person in my car; I only have space for 5.
a) another b) other c) others d) the others
7. Reem and Moza are very old friends .They try to see each ___at least once a week.
a) another b) the other c) other d) others
8-Would anybody like …………………a piece of this cake?
9.Give me _____________ loaf of bread , please .
a) another b) the others c) other d) others
10-She returned three of my six books yesterday and promised to bring_______ on Friday.
11-We’ll take three cars. You go in one and we’ll take _______
a) others b) the others c) other d) another
12-Some people prefer vegetables while_______ prefer meat.
13. That was a great date. Can I have.. _________?
a) others b) other c) anothers d) another
42
Conjunctions ‫الروابط‬
For ‫ألن‬ He loves Science for he wants to be a scientist.

And ‫و‬ She went shopping and she bought vegetables.
Nor ‫وال‬ They haven’t relaxed nor have they studied.
But ‫ولكن‬ He studied hard but he failed the exam.
Or ‫أو‬ You can join a university or you can have a job.
Yet ‫ولكن‬ He got up late yet he slept early.
So ‫ولذلك‬ He studied hard so he got high marks.
1) All of his brothers became doctors, ________________ he wants to be a teacher.
a) yet b) and c) for d) or
2) I would like to see you tonight, _______________ I’m too busy with work.
a) so b) and c) but d) nor
3) Ali wants to lose weight, _________________ he exercises daily.
a) so b) because c) unless d) although
4) We didn’t want to get wet ____________ we took an umbrella.
a) because b) but c) so d) although
5) Jane worked hard, ------------- unfortunately she didn’t pass with distinction.
a) so b) but c) because d) in order that
6) Tom eats a lot of salt; --------------------, he suffers from high blood pressure.
a) because b) but c) so d) therefore
7) John likes to study medicine, ----------------- he studies day and night.
a) in order to b) because c) so that d) so
8) We played well, _________ we lost the match.
a) although b) in spite of c) but d) so
9) It rained cats and dogs, _____________ plants grew well.
a) so that b) because c) so d) and
10) Pepper and salt are bad for the heart, _________ he doesn’t eat them.
a) so b) so that c) because d) but
11) He ate too much and did not exercise, _________ he gained much weight.
a) but b) that c) so that d) so
12) Moza is a nice girl, ________________ her sister isn't.
a) however b) but c) despite d) since
43
‫جمل مثبتة‬
Both ….. and ‫ كال من‬- Both Reem and her sisters play tennis.
)play ) ‫ دائما يأتي بعدهم فعل لصيغة الجمع‬- Both Ali and Saif play soccer.
Not only …… but also / as well -Not only Reem but also her sisters play tennis.
-Not only has Reem succeeded but also her friends
‫ ولكن أيضا‬....... ‫ليس فقط‬ have got high marks.
( but also ) ‫الفعل يأتي حسب الفاعل بعد‬
And also ( ‫ فعل مساعد مثبت‬+ ‫) فاعل‬ - Reem plays tennis and also do her sisters.
And ( ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫ ) فعل مساعد مثبت‬too - Reem plays tennis and her sisters do too.
‫جمل منفية‬
Neither ……. nor ‫ وال‬..... ‫ليس‬ - Neither Reem nor her sisters play tennis.
( nor ) ‫الفعل يأتي حسب الفاعل بعد‬ - Neither Reem nor her sister plays tennis.
and neither ( ‫ فعل مساعد مثبت‬+ ‫) فاعل‬ -Reem doesn’t play tennis and neither do her
sisters. ( does her sister )
And ( ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫ ) فعل مساعد منفي‬either -Reem doesn’t play tennis and her sisters don’t
either. - Reem doesn't play tennis and her sister
doesn't either.
Luckily, none of my friends were absent yesterday. : ) no one ( ‫ بمعني‬none ‫نستخدم‬
Unluckily, all my friends were absent yesterday. : ) ‫ بمعني ( كل‬all ‫نستخدم‬

1) My sister didn’t go out and …………. did my brother.
a) either b) nor c) neither d) also
2) My friend speaks English well and…………… does my sister.
a) neither b) nor c) too d) also
3) I haven’t studied yet and my friend …………
a) haven’t either b) hasn’t either c) has either d) has too
4) My mother works in a bank and also ………..
a) do my father b) my father does c) does my father d) is my father
5) ………….. my mother nor my father traveled abroad.
a) Either b) Not c) Too d) Neither
6) ………......... my brother and my sister go to school.
a) Neither b) Both c) Also d) Either
7) You can drink ……… tea or coffee.
a) neither b) either c) both d) too
44
8) When Alia is angry, she won’t speak to ________________ of her sisters.
a) nor b) both c) either d) neither
9) An artist needs _______________ skill and imagination.
a) all b) neither c) both d) either
10) ________________ Ali nor Fahed can play tennis.
a) Either b) Neither c) Both d) The two
11) __________ of the students has failed in the last test.
a) All b) Both c) None d) A few
12) I asked two people the way to the station, but____ of them could help me.
a) one b) either c) both d) neither
13) We couldn’t buy anything because____ of the shops were open.
a) all b) either c) none d) nothing
Because / as / since / for )‫ألن (سبب‬

so / Thus , / Therefore / As a result , - I didn't come because I was ill.
) ‫ولذلك ( نتيجة‬ ‫جملة كاملة‬ - I was ill so I didn’t come.
Although / Though / Even though ‫كاملة‬ - Although I was ill, I went out.
) ‫بالرغم من ( تناقض‬ I am clever, while my friend is lazy.
While / Whereas ) ‫ينما ( تناقض‬ -I sleep early. However, I get up late.
However, ) ‫مع ذلك ( تناقض‬
Because of / due to / )‫بسبب (سبب‬ - I didn't come because of being ill

as a result of ‫عبارة‬ ( my illness ).
Despite / In spite of ) ‫بالرغم من ( تناقض‬ - In spite of being ill , I went out.

1) She couldn’t travel ________________ the bad weather.
a) as b) since c) so that d) because of
2) ________________ his poverty, he didn't ask anyone to help him.
a) As b) Although c) Despite d) Because
3) They missed their school bus, ------------------- they got up late.
a) but b) so c) because d) so that
4) Irrigation on the farm is excellent. __________, crops grow well.
a) As a result b) Because c) But d) However
5) My father gets up early, ------------------ he wants to catch the first bus.
a) because b) so c) so that d) in order to
45
6) __________ she was ill, she went to Abu Dhabi with us.
a) However b) Although c) Despite d) Therefore
7) ________ it was raining, I didn't get wet.
a) Although b) Because c) Just as d) if
8) ________ my wife likes to travel abroad, I prefer to stay at home for my vacations.
a) Whereas b) As c) Since d) So that
9) My friend passed the exam first time, ________ I had to retake it three times.
a) as b) even though c) although d) while
10) I will be late today, ________ my car has broken down.
a) because b) though c) even though d) unless
11) ________ Fatima doesn't speak English, she can't go to university in Canada.
a) Whereas b) Since c) Whenever d) After
12) Aliya got the job, ________ she had no experience.
a) as b) whereas c) even though d) until
13) I don't drink coffee, ________ it makes me nervous.
a) while b) although c) when d) because
14) Some apples are red, ________others are green.
a) so that b) unless c) while d) wherever
15) The ship could not move ________there was no wind.
a) since b) In order to c) just as d) even though
16) Surfing is fun ________it can be dangerous.
a) as b) in order to c) because d) although
17) You should stay away from bears ________they are dangerous.
a) because b) even though c) while d) after
18) We took an umbrella _______________ we didn't want to get wet.
a) although b) due to c) so d) as
19) ___________ his talent, no body admires him.
a) Although b) Despite c) However d) Nevertheless
20) Jack didn’t come to school ___________ he was ill.
a) so b) because c) but d) so that
21) ___________ his illness, Jack didn’t come to school.
a) So that b) In order to c) Because d) Due to
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22) We lost the match _____________ we didn't train well.
a) because b) due to c) because of d) therefore
23) They lost the match __________ the hard training.
a) although b) because c) despite d) however
24) He never eats meat __________ he thinks it is bad for health.
a) because b) due to c) because d) so
25) Our team’s success was large ------------------ our teacher’s efforts.
a) due to b) because c) so d) so that
26) She phoned me _______________ she wanted to invite us for her birthday.
a) so b) due to c) because d) because of
to / in order to / so as to ‫لكي‬ - I study hard to get high marks.

not to / in order not to / so as not ‫لكي ال‬ ‫مصدر الفعل‬ - I study hard so as not to fail the exam.
to
so that ‫من أجل‬ ‫جملة كاملة‬ - I study hard so that I can succeed.
- I studied hard so that I could succeed.
as if, as though ‫كما لو كان‬ - He speaks as if he were a king.

- It looks as though it would rain.
1) He bought a holiday home _______________ all his friends could visit him.
a) because of b) just as c) so that d) in order to
2) I go to the park ___________________ relax under the trees.
a) in order that b) in order to c) so that d) for
3) We are trying to save money _________ we can buy a bigger house.
a) for b) in order to c) to d) so that
4) He drove as fast as possible _________ be there on time.
a) for b) in order to c) so d) so that
5) I went to summer school ______________ improve my English.
a) for b) to c) so d) will
6) You will need 4 eggs, 250 g of sugar and 200 g of flour __________ make this cake
a) for b) so c) to d) will
7) I went to summer school ______________improve my English.
a) for b) to c) so d) will
8) I arrived just in time ___________ see the movie.
a) for b) to c) by d) with
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If ) ‫ لو ( الجمل الشرطية‬/ ‫أذا‬
‫الحالة‬ ‫فعل الشرط‬ ‫فعل جواب الشرط‬

‫الحالة‬ ) ‫للتعبير عن شئ حقيقي ( حقيقة علمية أو عادة عامة‬
‫العلمية‬ ‫مضارع بسيط‬ ‫مضارع بسيط‬
inf./V+s don’t / doesn’t + inf. inf. /V + s don’t / doesn’t + inf.

Ex : If I eat fish , I get ill . / If we heat water , it boils .
‫مضارع بسيط‬ will (’ll ) / won’t

can / can’t
inf. /V + s don’t / doesn’t + inf. shall / shan’t inf. ) ‫( مصدر الفعل‬
may / may not
must / mustn’t
Ex : If it rains , I won’t go out . / If I have money , I will buy a new car.
‫شواذ‬
. ) ‫) نستخدم مصدر الفعل للتعبير عن األمر في جملة جواب الشرط ( والفاعل يكون محذوف‬1
Ex : If you meet Ahmed , tell him about the party .
‫) يمكن أن نعبر عن النصيحة في جملة جواب الشرط‬2
: ‫بأستخدام أفعال ناقصة في المضارع مثل‬
( should , have to / has to , ought to , must )
Ex : If you are ill , you should go to the doctor .
‫ماضي بسيط‬
would (’d ) / wouldn’t
ed / ‫شاذ‬ didn’t + inf. could / couldn’t inf. ‫( مصدر الفعل‬
might / might not
Ex : If I were a bird , I would fly . / If I had money , I would buy a new car .
. ‫للتعبير عن اللوم أو العتاب أو عن استبعاد حدوث فعل في الماضي‬
‫ماضي تام‬ would (’d ) / wouldn’t
could / couldn’t have + p.p
had + p.p hadn’t + p.p might / might not
Ex : If I had studied hard , I would have succeeded .
If I had had money , I would have bought a car .
. ‫ ولكن ال نضع بعدها نفي‬if ‫نفس حاالت‬ Unless ‫اذا لم‬

Ex : Unless you study , you won’t pass the exam . (If you don’t study, you won’t pass the exam).
48
1) I’ll try not to wake you up if I ___________ home late this evening.
a) arrive b) arriving c) will arrive d) would arrive
2) I _________________ that dress if the price went down.
a) buy b) will buy c) would buy d) would have bought
3) If you want to get a job at the airport, I think you ___________ improve your English.
a) need b) should c) are able to d) can
4) You shouldn’t drive a car _____________ you have a driving license.
a) if b) when c) since d) unless
5) If I had a million dollars, I ________________ around the world.
a) am traveling b) travel c) will travel d) would travel
6) If only somebody ________________ me the truth , I would have warned you.
a) tells b) has told c) had told d) to tell
7) If you find some time, ______________ with me.
a) came b) comes c) coming d) come
8) Please _________________the telephone if I am busy.
a) answer b) to answer c) answering d) answered
9) If they ____________ sooner, they would have caught the train.
a) had arrived b) arrive c) have arrived d) arriving
10) If Ali had studied hard for the exam, he ___________passed.
a) would have b) will have c) can have d) had
11) If Rashid had played well, his team _____________ won.
a) would have b) will have c) can have d) had
12) If you ___________ faster, we would have arrived on time.
a) had driven b) rive c) have driven d) driving
13) If I _______________ stronger, I'd help you carry the piano.
a) am b) will be c) were d) had been
14) If we’d seen you, we _____________________
a) stop b) will stop c) stopped d) would have stopped
15) He would have repaired the car himself if he _________________ the tools.
a) has b) will have c) had d) had had
16) If I hadn't studied, I _____________________ the exam.
a) do not pass b) will pass c) had not pass d) wouldn’t have passed
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17) I wouldn't go to school by bus if I ____________________ a driving license.
a) have b) had had c) will have d) had
18) I ______________________ to London if I don't get a cheap flight.
a) don’t travel b) won’t travel c) didn’t travel d) wouldn’t travel
19) You really ______________see her new movie if you get the chance .It’s quite good.
a) should b) would c) can d) could
20) If you don’t hurry up, you _______________ miss the bus.
a) will b) would c) can d) should
21) We'd be stupid if we _________________ him about our secret.
a) tell b) told c) will tell d) had told
22) If they took a bank loan, they __________ into troubles.
a) will get b) get c) would have got d) would get
23) If I __________ a spaceship, I would travel to the moon.
a) had b) has c) have d) had had
24) Unless he gets up early, he ---------------- the school bus.
a) would miss b) will miss c) missed d) missing
25) If I were you, I ------------------- to school early.
a) would come b) come c) will come d) have come
26) If I win 1000 Dhs, I _______________ a mobile phone.
a) buys b) bought c) will buy d) would buy
27) If he had studied well, he _____________ high marks.
a) would get b) would have got c) will get d) gets
28) Unless he gives up smoking, he ______________ lung-cancer.
a) will have b) won’t have c) would have d) have
29) If I had been in your place, I ----------------- exactly the same.
a) do b) will do c) would do d) would have done
30) I _________ worry about it if I were you. I'm sure you've passed the test.
a) wouldn't b) can't c) must d) might
31) If I do exercise, I ----------------- fit and healthy.
a) will be b) be c) was d) would be
32) If you eat much fat, you ------------------ weight.
a) gaining b) gained c) would gain d) will gain
50
33) If you can't do the first exercise, _________ on to the next page.
a) moves b) moving c) moved d) move
34) If he ---------------- to bed early, he wouldn’t have been late for school.
a) goes b) went c) had gone d) has gone
35) They will travel abroad if they ------------------ enough money.
a) had b) have c) has d) having
36) Unless we stop polluting the sea, fish ---------------- die.
a) will b) won’t c) would d) will be
37) Unless you study hard, you ------------------ the exam.
a) wouldn’t have passed b) won’t pass c) wouldn’t pass d) passed
38) If we ______________ a car, we could drive everywhere.
a) have b) are having c) would have d) had
39) If you feel cold, _____________ a jacket.
a) wore b) wearing c) wear d) worn
40) If Anas _______________ more money , he'd buy a new car .
a) got b) get c) getting d) gets
41) If they _________ sooner, they would have seen the beginning of the film.
a) had left b) will leave c) have left d) are leaving
42) If you ……………..a wallet in the street ,what would you do with it ?
a) find b) will find c) had found d) found
43) If you came late, you ___________ the interview.
a) misses b) miss c) would miss d) will miss
44) Ahmed will pass the exam if he ___________ harder.
a) will study b) studied c) study d) studies
45) If you hadn't watered the plants, they ___________ and died.
a) would fade b) faded c) will fade d) would have faded
46) We would go home if the bell ___________
a) ring b) rang c) rings d) rung
47) If I were you, I ----------------- less rice.
a) will eat b) would eat c) ate d) eat
48) If I had enough money , I …………………. a new mobile .
a) bought b) would buy c) will buy d) would have bought
51
49) If she ______________ more time, she would join a sports club.
a) has b) is having c) would have d) had
50) Sarah will get fat unless she ------------------ exercise.
a) practised b) practises c) had practised d) to practise
51) If we _____________a car , we could drive .
a) have b) are having c) would have d) had
52) She 'd have gone shopping if she _____________ enough money .
a) saved b) had c) had saved d) saves
53) You __________ really see the new movie if you got time.
a) will b) could c) can d) should
54) If you ---------------- a bank loan, you could get into trouble.
a) taken b) taking c) take d) took
55) Tim ____________ a driving license if he trains well.
a) got b) get c) will get d) have got
56) People --------------------- sick unless we reduce air pollution.
a) would get b) got c) gets d) will get
Expressing Regret / far wish ‫التعبير عن الندم أو التمني المستحيل‬
Present ‫عند التمني أو الندم في المضارع نستخدم الماضي البسيط‬ Past ‫عند التمني أو الندم في الماضي نستخدم الماضي التام‬
-I can't fly. I wish I were a bird. / -I failed the exam. I wish I had studied my
If only I were a bird. lessons.
-If only I knew how to drive a car. - If only I had studied my lessons.
-I wish you wouldn’t arrive late all the time.

1) I wish you ______ me about the party. I would have bought something nice for them.
a) told b) had told c) have told d) were telling
2) His mother was at hospital. I wish she ----------------------- better .
a) has been b) would be c) had been d) will be
3) I had an accident. I wish I _____________ carefully.
a) drive b) had driven c) have driven d) driving
4) Mike made a horrible mistake. He _____________ deeply.
a) thought b) will think c) thinks d) should have thought
52
5) Jack failed the driving test. I wish he _____________ it
a) passes b) had passed c) can pass d) will pass
6) I hope my sister ______________ the university next year.
a) has joined b) joined c) join d) will join
7) I feel ill. If only I ----------------- in cold water.
a) hadn’t swum b) haven’t swum c) don’t swim d) didn’t swim
8) I fell down. I wish ------------------- on a banana.
a) hadn't stepped b) don't step c) haven't stepped d) doesn't stepped
9) My brother travelled abroad. If only I ------------------- him.
a) meeting b) meet c) had met d) to meet
10) I think we should __________________ there for dinner.
a) go b) going c) to go d) will go
11) I hope my brother ______________ in the final exam.
a) will pass b) passed c) has passed d) passing
Modal Verbs
Modals of Necessity ‫أفعال ناقصة تعبر عن الضرورة‬
Affirmative Negative
Present have to / has to + inf. ( don’t / doesn’t ) have to + inf.
You are fat. You have to go on a diet. -You are thin. You don’t have to go on a diet.
He is fat. He has to go on a diet. - He is thin. He doesn’t have to go on a diet.
Past had to + inf. didn’t have + inf.
He was ill. He had to take medicine. He was well. He didn’t have to take medicine.

1) Ahmad ____________ finish all his work today; he’s got all day tomorrow as well.
a) not have to b) must to c) doesn’t have to d) should to
2) Drivers ___________ have sunglasses for driving because they’re not necessary.
a) have to b) don’t have to c) shouldn’t d) mustn’t
53
Modals of Possibility / Probability / deduction ‫أفعال ناقصة تدل علي األستنتاج أو األحتمال‬
Degrees of Present Past

certainty
Very sure Must + inf. must have + V3

‫متأكد جدا‬
He looks tired. He must be ill. He looked tired. He must have been ill.
Quite sure May + inf. may have + V3
‫متأكد الي حد ما‬
He isn’t here. He may be ill. He didn’t come. He may have been ill.
Not sure might + inf. / could + inf. might have + V3 / could have + V3
‫غير متأكد‬
I’m not sure. He might be ill. Ali didn’t come. He might have been ill.
( am / is / are / was / were ) ‫ فأننا نستخدم فعل يكون‬%011 ‫عندما نكون متأكدين بنسبة‬
. ‫ ) لالستنتاج المنفي في الماضي‬can’t have been ( ‫ ( لالستنتاج المنفي في المضارع و‬can’t be ) ‫نستخدم‬
Ex: Ali is in the class. He can’t be absent.
Ali was in the class. He can’t have been absent.

1) Judy ______________ that book next week.
a) might reads b) mights read c) may read d) may reads
2) Bill _______________ ESL 65 next year.
a) may teaches b) mays teach c) might teaches d) might teach
3) The test ________________ difficult.
a) may being b) could be c) might been d) could will be
4) I ________________ go to the party but I'm not sure yet.
a) can b) will c) must d) might
5) Aysha …..... come for dinner this evening although she didn’t promise.
a) must b) shouldn’t c) might d) can
6) Carol may ____________ a movie tonight.
a) seen b) saw c) sees d) see
7) They ________________ be away for the weekend but I'm not sure.
a) must b) may have c) will d) may
8) With luck, tomorrow ________________ be a sunny day
a) can b) could c) will d) must
54
Modals of Ability ‫أفعال ناقصة تدل علي القدرة‬
Affirmative Negative Question

Present can + inf. cannot ( can't ) + inf. Can + ‫ الفاعل‬+inf.?
He can swim. He can't swim. Can he swim?

( am / is / are ) able to + inf. ( Am / is / are) not able to Am / Is / Are + ‫ الفاعل‬+ able to + inf.
+ inf.
He's able to swim. He's not able to swim. Is he able to swim?

Past could + inf. could not (couldn't) Could + ‫ الفاعل‬+ inf.?
He could swim last day. He couldn't swim last day. Could he swim last day?
( was / were ) able to + inf. ( was / were) not able to + Was / Were + ‫ الفاعل‬+ able to + inf.?
inf.
He was able to swim. He wasn't able to swim. Was he able to swim?
Future will be able to + inf. won't be able to + inf. Will+ ‫ الفاعل‬+ be able to + inf.?
Ex: He'll be able to swim. He won't be able to swim. Will he be able to swim?

1) I’m sorry but I have to work late this week. I don’t think I ________ meet you.
a) able b) can c) may d) might
2) _____________they drive in the rush hours? - No, they couldn’t.
a) Are b) Can c) Could d) Do
3) The doctor says he will never _________ play tennis again after his accident.
a) can b) could c) be able to d) is able to
4) I _____________ run at all. I’m very unfit.
a) can b) couldn’t c) wasn’t able d) can’t
5) In the end Jessica ____________ to save for her hi-fi equipment.
a) could b) was able c) can d) is able
6) He ___________ walk at three, but then he became a famous mountaineer.
a) wasn’t able b) couldn’t c) can’t d) was able
7) __________ play a musical instrument?
a) Could you b) Can you c) Are you able d) Can’t you
8) I ___________ understand why you won’t let me.
a) couldn’t b) could c) be not able to d) can’t
9) Although it contains many difficult words, I __________ read this book now.
a) can b) could c) able to d) was able to
55
10) ___________ speak a foreign language is always useful when you go abroad.
a) Be able to b) Being able to c) Can d) I can
11) You must _____________ swim if you want to come on the boating holiday with us.
a) be able to b) can c) to be able to d) will be able to
12) There was a fire in his office but he _________ escape through a window.
a) can b) could c) could to d) was able to
13) Mariam was so ill that she _______________ to school two days ago.
a) couldn’t b) not gone c) couldn’t go d) hasn’t gone
14) When I was younger I _____________ speak better Italian than now.
a) could b) can c) am able d) couldn’t
15) Bring your bike. You _______________ leave it in the school’s garden.
a) may b) can c) could d) couldn’t
16) I live alone because I __________ come and go as I please.
a) can b) to can c) being able d) be able to
17) The police ran after the burglar, but she __________ get away from them.
a) was able to b) could c) has been able to d) was being able to
18) I ___________ read this – it’s in Spanish.
a) can b) am able to c) can’t d) could
19) No, you ______________ leave the class without permission.
a) couldn’t b) may not c) can d) cannot
20) We arrived early so that we __________ the meeting on time.
a) could attend b) may attend c) attended d) will attend
21) Samer reads a lot so that he _____________ his vocabulary.
a) could improve b) improved c) can improve d) improving
Making requests ( Modal + you ) : ‫أفعال ناقصة للطلب‬
Formal Could you give me your book, please? / Would you give me your book, please?
Informal Can you give me your book?
56
Modals of Permission (Modal + I / We) : ‫أفعال ناقصة لألستئذان‬
Formal / Could I have some tea, please? / May I have some tea, please?
Polite Shall I have some tea, please?
Informal Can I have some tea, please?
1) _______________ I have another look at that article?
a) May b) Would c) Will d) Am
2) _________________ I bring my juice in class?
a) Can b) May c) Be allowed d) Can’t
3) _______________ I park my car here? Or will I get a ticket?
a) Can b) Would c) Will d) Am
4) ………………… I come with you to see the new movie?
a) Will b) Can c) would d) Have
Modals of Advice ‫أفعال ناقصة تعبر عن النصح‬
Present should + inf. shouldn’t + inf.
ought to + inf. oughtn’t to + inf.
had better +inf. had better not + inf.
Ex: You’re tired. You should rest. Ex: You’re fat. You shouldn’t drink Pepsi.
Past should have + V3 shouldn’t have + V3 /
ought to have + V3 oughtn’t to have + V3
Ex: He was tired. He should have Ex: He made an accident. He shouldn’t have
rested. driven very fast.
He was tired. He ought to have He made an accident. He oughtn’t to have
rested. driven very fast.
Modals of Obligation ‫أفعال ناقصة تعبر عن االلزام‬
Present Must + inf. Mustn’t + inf.
You must come on time. You mustn’t smoke here.
Past must have + V3 mustn’t have + V3
I failed the exam. I must have studied. I failed the exam. I mustn’t have played.
57
1) Dinner will be served at 6pm so guests _______________ come late.
a) must not b) doesn’t have to c) must d) should
2) You _________________ buy your sister a present or she will be very disappointed.
a) might b) could c) would d) should
3) He had a lung cancer. He ……………….. cigarettes.
a) shouldn’t smoke b) shouldn’t have smoked c) should have smoked d) ought to smoke
4) You look so pale , I think you ……………. see a doctor .
a) would b) may c) should d) could
5) Drivers on the road ____________ be very careful because UAE roads are dangerous.
a) has to b) must c) don’t have to d) must not
6) In California, you ___________ have a driver’s license to ride a bicycle.
a) have to b) must c) don’t have to d) must not
7) When driving on the freeway, drivers ___________ go faster than the speed limit.
a) don’t have to b) must c) doesn’t have to d) must not
8) Drivers _________ be kind to other drivers on the road. It’s a good thing to do.
a) should b) must c) shouldn’t d) must not
9) In the UAE, a driver ______________ wear a seatbelt. It’s the law.
a) have to b) must c) doesn’t have to d) must not
10) Motorcycle riders _____________ wear helmets in most countries.
a) should b) must c) shouldn’t d) mustn’t
11) A bus driver ______________ have a special license to drive passengers.
a) should b) must c) doesn’t have to d) mustn’t
12) Passengers on a bus __________________ smoke. It is against the law.
a) should b) must c) don’t have to d) mustn’t
13) Bob ____________ English 1 next term. If he doesn’t, I don’t think he can graduate.
a) could take b) may take c) must take d) can take
14) Children under six ________________ leave the room without permission.
a) might b) mustn’t c) could d) must
58
Indirect Speech ‫الكالم الغير مباشر‬
‫الجملة الخبرية‬ -Reem told me ) that )she felt tired. / -Ali said to me ( that ) he had been ill.
- Reem said ( that ) she had studied.
‫الجملة األستفهامية‬ - I wondered if she had won the race. /- She asked me whether I would come.
- He asked me where I was going.
‫األمر أو النصح‬ - He told me to study. / - He advised me not to eat sweets.
:) says / asks / tells …. ( ‫– نستخدم زمن المضارع اذا كان فعل القول مضارع‬
Ex: He says he lives in UAE. ( Says lives )
: ‫– نستخدم زمن المضارع أيضا اذا كان الكالم يدل علي حقائق يومية أو حقائق علمية أو حكم‬
Ex: My teacher said Time is gold. / It is said that eating an apple a day keeps the doctor away.
1) John asked if I ------------------ then.

a) was leaving b) am leaving c) will leave d) leave
2) My friend said that he ---------------- me the following day.
a) will visit b) would visit c) visited d) visits
3) He expected that he ___________ the work some time the following week.
a) will complete b) completes c) would complete d) completed
4) My friend said that he ------------------- abroad.
a) can travel b) will travel c) may travel d) might travel
5) Whether we __________ him with the project next weekend was his burning question.
a) had helped b) helped c) helping d) would help
6) The teacher asked the students whether they __________ their books to class.
a) had bringing b) have brought c) had brought d) have bring
7) They say that they __________ at her place tomorrow evening.
a) are meeting b) would meet c) met d) were meeting
8) All the guests confirmed that they __________ to the party next weekend.
a) come b) would come c) had come d) was coming
9) When we parted at the airport, you promised that you ___________ to me every day!
a) will write b) were writing c) would write d) wrote
10) He asked if he ------------------- to school in the evening.
a) has to come b) must come c) must have come d) had to come
59
11) Ali told me that he ---------------- with his friends about exams.
a) talks b) will talk c) would talk d) talk
12) The lady said that she ------------------- a lot of things
a) buy b) bought c) buying d) buys
13) My friend said he thought it ----------------- the next day.
a) will rain b) would rain c) rains d) rain
14) He said that he __________ in the supermarket the day before.
a) has been b) have been c) had been d) had had
15) My teacher wanted to know if we ______________ the Internet.
a) use b) were using c) are using d) have used
16) The officer asked me If I ----------------- on a visit to England.
a) come b) have come c) had come d) am coming
17) He asked his sister if she __________ his keys.
a) has seen b) had seen c) have seen d) sees
60
in ) .... ‫ موسم‬/ ‫ شهر‬/ ‫ يستخدم للتحدث عن فترة زمنية ( سنة‬-
in 2003 / in July / in the winter – summer – spring-fall (autumn) / in the morning –
afternoon -evening / in the middle of the day / in three hours / in a few weeks
on : ‫لأليام والتواريخ‬
on my birthday / on July 4th / on Saturday / on Tuesday afternoon / on holiday / on
weekend
at ).... ‫ وجبات يومية‬/ ‫يستخدم للتحدث عن نقطة زمنية ( ساعات‬
at 4 o'clock / at 10:45 / at breakfast- lunch - dinner

: ‫أو مع بعض التعبيرات‬
at the moment / at the same time / at night / at noon / at the weekends
For two days / three months / two years ‫مدة زمنية غير محددة‬
Since Sunday / April / yesterday / last day ‫زمن محدد‬

1) Saif and Hissa are planning to have their wedding _____________ the summer.
a) at b) to c) up d) in
2) The family lived in the house _______________ 1908, when they sold it.
a) until b) since c) when d) while
3) We haven't eaten fish ________________ ages.
a) since b) before c) during d) for
4) He has been living here ___________March.
a) since b) for c) ago d) at
5) Five months ______________ I got a good offer to work in Dubai.
a) since b) for c) ago d) yet
6) You should try to be there ______ six o'clock.
a) to b) on c) at d) on
7) I get up ____ 7.00 every day.
a) at b) in c) on d) for
8) I usually go out ____ Thursday evenings.
a) at b) from c) on d) in
9) David’s new restaurant will be open____ the 23rd of August.
a) in b) at c) on d) to
10) He has worked in India ______________ 2001.
a) for b) since c) from d) in
11) They have been listening to music __________ an hour.
a) for b) since c) ago d) from
61
12) Tim has been living there __________ fourteen years.
a) since b) in c) from d) for
13) I haven’t seen my brother _______________ 1990.
a) for b) ago c) since d) in
14) Amna is in Kuwait. She has been in Kuwait ______________ Wednesday.
a) for b) since c) to d) after
15) I know Fatima. I have known her ____________ two years
a) Since b) for c) till d) before
16) Ahmed and Khalid are friends. They have been friends __________ 1999.
a) after b) when c) for d) since
17) I have lived here _________ 5 years.
a) from b) in c) for d) since
18) She often spends her time in the countryside ---------------- Thursday evenings.
a) in b) on c) at d) by
19) Last year, the holiday started ________ December.
a) at b) on c) in d) since
Noun + Prep.
a demand for/ a need for / a reason for

an advantage of / A disadvantage of / a cause of / picture of / a map of / a plan of
an increase in / a rise in / a decrease in / a fall in
a damage to / an invitation to / a solution to / an answer to /a reply to / a reaction to / an
attitude to
a relationship with / a connection with / a contact with
a comparison between / a similarity between / a difference between

1) The menu had a choice ________________ Arabic or Indian food.
a) on b) to c) for d) of
2) His speech has great impact _____________ the audience.
a) at b) on c) in d) from
3) There are many solutions ………….. the problem of air pollution.
a) with b) about c) of d) to
4) I have good relationships …………… my friends.
a) to b) for c) of d) with
62
Verb + Prep.
consists of / approve of / think of get into ‫يركب‬ get off ‫ينزل‬

believe in / succeed in / persist in Turn on ‫يفتح‬ Turn off ‫يغلق‬
concentrate on / focus on / depend on / rely on / put on ‫ يضئ‬/ ‫ يلبس‬put off ‫ يؤجل‬/ ‫ يطفئ‬/ ‫يخلع‬
insist on
laugh at / look at / point at
talk about / complain about / worry about / ask about / hear about / think about
wait for / apologize for / pay for / ask for
Adjective + Prep.
afraid of / frightened of / proud of / aware of / tired of /sick of /sure of / certain of

good at / better at /bad at / annoyed at
famous for / dangerous for / responsible for
fond of interested in
angry with / familiar with
excited about / worried about / upset about / nervous about / happy about

1) What a pencil is used_____________ writing?
a) with b) to c) on d) for
2) My aunt was married ________________ her cousin last week.
a) for b) in c) to d) with
3) Both _________________ you will be rewarded for your fruitful efforts.
a) of b) for c) as d) or
4) Don't get ___________________ the bus until it stops.
a) next b) at c) up d) off
5) Could you explain this rule____ me?
a) to b) of c) from d) for
6) I’ve been looking ____ my keys everywhere, but I can’t find them.
a) from b) at c) for d) about
7) He is writing ______a pen instead of a pencil.
a) with b) to c) from d) by
8) What he said reminded me ______ what my father used to say.
a) to b) for c) with d) of
63
9) Please be quiet, I'm trying to concentrate ______ my book.
a) for b) to c) on d) with
10) You should apologize ____arriving late.
a) for b) to c) at d) on
11) Are you afraid____ spiders?
a) from b) to c) for d) of
12) That sports car belongs____ my brother.
a) to b) about c) for d) in
13) Not many people are interested____ grammar.
a) on b) at c) to d) in
14) She accused me ____ breaking her sunglasses.
a) of b) at c) on d) for
15) The noise from downstairs prevented me____ sleeping.
a) to b) for c) about d) from
16) We are all responsible ____ the success or failure of this project.
a) from b) for c) in d) of
17) My sister is suffering____ a terrible toothache.
a) about b) on c) of d) from
18) My parents sold their house _______________ advertising it in the local paper.
a) by b) to c) with d) from
19) She is very good _____________ English.
a) to b) on c) in d) at
20) I don't want to be dependent ______________ my parents all my life.
a) in b) of c) on d) for
21) It was very kind ______________ you to lend me your car.
a) of b) for c) from d) to
22) The plane took _______________ half an hour late.
a) of b) off c) away d) out
23) Our teacher warned us _____________ wasting too much time.
a) for b) against c) with d) from
24) Hamad bought his new car _____________ 100 thousand dirhams.
a) for b) of c) in d) with
64
25) Sam always wastes his time ______________ watching TV.
a) on b) at c) in d) into
26) Look, your car is ……………. fire.
a) in b) at c) of d) on
27) My brother is bad ----------------- physics.
a) in b) at c) on d) to
28) He is good ------------- English.
a) in b) on c) to d) at
29) Please make sure to wipe the sink _________ a clean cloth.
a) with b) for c) by d) to
30) I talk ---------------- my friends on the phone.
a) to b) for c) at d) by
31) I will look ------------------ a job.
a) for b) of c) in d) to
1) Can you please move your car? I need to go ________________ the store.
a) for b) of c) between d) to
2) Can you drive me back __________________ my home? I feel dizzy.
a) on b) to c) from d) for
3) You can drive from here ______________ the shopping center in about 10 minutes.
a) at b) in c) for d) to
4) The students are sitting ____the classroom.
a) to b) at c) on d) in
5) Jane wastes a lot of time _____________ the Internet.
a) at b) in c) on d) by
6) Did you see the new painting _________ the wall? It is very good
a) in b) at c) on d) for
7) Don't sit _________ the floor. It’s dirty.
a) in b) on c) at d) under
8) Put the flowers _________ some water.
a) under b) in c) at d) on
9) They wanted me to stay ------------------- home.
a) by b) on c) in d) at
65
Sentence
Subject Verb Object Complement
A A Adv.(easily)
Aux. + Main
An + adv. + adj. + N An + adv. + adj. + N Adj. ( easy )
The The
Many / Few Many / Few
Much / Little Much / Little
A lot of A lot of
Several Several
Some Some
My / His …. My / His ….
A very clever boy can answer an extremely hard exam easily.
The boy can answer the exam easily. . ( answer( ‫ ( اذا سبقه فعل أساسي مثل‬easily ) ‫* نكمل الجملة بظرف‬
The exam is very easy. . ( seem( ‫ ( اذا سبقها فعل يكون أو أفعال الحواس مثل‬easy ) ‫* نكمل الجملة بصفة‬
.) easy / easily ( : ‫ للصفة‬ly ‫ظرف الحال يتكون باضافة‬

: ‫الظرف يصف ثالثة أشياء‬
I answered the questions easily. / I easily answered the questions. : ‫) الفعل ويأتي قبله أو بعده‬1
My friend is extremely tall. : ‫) الصفة ويأتي قبلها‬2
Really, the weather was very nice. : ‫) الجملة كلها‬3
: ‫* قبل الصفات والظروف ممكن نضع كلمات مثل‬

( very , so , extremely , too / fairly, quite, pretty, rather and a bit).
: ‫ ) أو أفعال مساعدة مثل‬to ) ‫قبل الفعل نستخدم‬

) don't , doesn't , didn't , can , could , will , won't, would, shall, should, may, might, ought to )
66
Suffixes ‫اللواحق‬
For ar ( liar ) / er ( teacher ) / eer ( engineer ) / or ( visitor ) / ist ( scientist ) /

people ent ( president ) / ant ( assistant ) / ian ( musician )
Abstract tion ( pollution ) / ion ( expression ) / ure ( creature ) / ance ( allowance ) /

nouns ence ( confidence ) / ment ( development ) / ness ( weakness ) / ship ( friendship )
dom ( freedom ) / hood ( childhood ) / th ( growth ) / t ( weight ) / ty ( loyalty ) /
ity ( ability ) / y ( delivery ) / al ( arrival ) / ism ( criticism )
Verbs fy ( beautify ) / en ( widen ) / ise ( advise ) / ize ( summarize ) / ate ( create ) /

uce ( produce )
Adjectives able ( comfortable ) / ful ( careful ) / less ( careless ) / ive ( expensive ) /
ese ( Chinese ) / an (urban ( ian ( Asian ) / ant ( ignorant ) / ent ( different ) /
ish ( selfish ) / ous ( obvious ) / y ( windy ) / ly ( lovely ) / ar ( popular ) /
al ( normal )
ing ( interesting ) / ed ( interested )

‫( لألشخاص‬ed( ‫ ( لألشياء والصفات التي تنتهي ب‬ing ( ‫الصفات التي تنتهي ب‬
Adverbs ly ( slowly - simply - happily- dramatically ) / wards ( forwards - backwards-
towards )

1) I liked her plan, but I didn’t think it was _________________
a) reality b) realistically c) realistic d) realize
2) What does that word ________________?
a) mean b) meaning c) meaningful d) meaningless
3) I heard some _______________ news on the radio this morning.
a) astonish b) astonishing c) astonishingly d) astonishment
4) Your friends’ opinions are important, but you should not just accept them ____
a) blind b) blindly c) blinded d) blindness
5) They accepted the offer without_________
a) hesitate b) hesitation c) hesitant d) hesitantly
6) My brother has a lot of_____________ in himself
a) confide b) confident c) confidence d) confidently
7) My teacher said I was a good student. That was very ________________
a) encourage b) encouraging c) encouragingly d) encouragement
8) If you have any questions, please don’t _______________ to ask.
a) hesitate b) hesitation c) hesitant d) hesitantly
67
9) The student’s short story showed great ________________
a) originates b) originality c) original d) originally
10) If I drive _______________ to work it only takes me about 10 minutes.
a) direct b) directed c) direction d) directly
11) Learning can be fun if you play games that are _______________
a) educate b) educationally c) educational d) education
12) Today’s meeting was riot very _______________
a) productive b) produce c) productively d) productivity
13) Ahmed earned the __________ of the whole school after winning the speech contest.
a) admire b) admirable c) admirably d) admiration
14) Some cooks ________________ butter to make food taste better.
a) add b) addition c) additional d) additionally
15) The old fort is a famous ________________ of the city.
a) attract b) attractive c) attraction d) attractively
16) Swedish cars are known for their ________________
a) safe b) save c) safely d) safety
17) I am ________________ that I will get the job.
a) confide b) confident c) confidence d) confidently
18) I don’t think that his story was ________________, so I’m going to ask his brother.
a) believe b) belief c) believable d) believably
19) You must _______________ your bank card before you can use it.
a) active b) actively c) activity d) activate
20) Because of his __________________ with his life, he leads a happy one.
a) satisfy b) satisfying c) satisfaction d) satisfactory
21) The benefits are difficult to ____________________.
a) quantity b) quantifier c) quantitative d) quantify
22) Your words are _____________________ . I'll work hard to pass my English test.
a) encourage b) encouraging c) encouragement d) encouragingly
23) You can do this job ______________________ .
a) competent b) competence c) competently d) compete
24) Half the audience walked out in ___________________ .
a) disgusted b) disgusting c) disgustingly d) disgust
68
25) He ran across the fields, his heart beating __________________ .
a) madly b) madness c) madden d) mad
26) Don't visit a ____________________ . It is against your Islamic teachings.
a) magician b) magic c) magical d) magically
27) We always receive circulars from the ministry of ______________________ .
a) educate b) educational c) educationalist d) education
28) The climbers enjoyed their time as the trip was quite _____________.
a) exciting b) excited c) excites d) excitement
29) Students should use many reference books to get -------------------.
a) information b) inform c) informer d) informant
30) Some families suffer from certain diseases related to ____________ factors.
a) genetics b) genes c) genetically d) genetic
31) Diabetes is not an _____________ disease.
a) infect b) infection c) infectious d) infected
32) Rich people often -------------------- their furniture.
a) renews b) renewable c) renewal d) renew
33) Our English teacher always speaks ---------------- to us.
a) clearly b) clear c) clarity d) clarify
34) We ran for four kilometers , so my brother was so ………………
a) tired b) tiring c) tire d) tiredness
35) Ali started a training course in Business -------------------.
a) Manager b) Manage c) Management d) Manageable
36 ) Education began with ----------------- schools.
a) religions b) religiously c) religion d) religious
37) The government has established ------------------ centers.
a) educate b) educational c) educationally d) educated
38) People ------------------- too much water in summer.
a) consumption b) consumer c) consume d) consumptive
39) Living in crowded cities is ----------------.
a) stressful b) stress c) stressed d) stressfully
40) We are waiting for the __________ of the new teacher.
a) arrive b) arrival c) arrives d) arrived
69
41) Oil is not a ---------------- resource.
a) to renew b) renewal c) renew d) renewable
42) My friend drives _________ than me; he always goes too fast on the road.
a) differ b) different c) difference d) differently
43) With little rain this year, farming _________ is very low.
a) productively b) productivity c) produce d) productive
44) The UAE has developed in the field of __________ .
a) education b) educate c) educated d) educating
45) Many people _________ visit the museum because it has many interesting things to see.
a) frequent b) frequented c) frequently d) frequency
46) Reading is not my favorite _________
a) active b) actively c) activity d) activate
47) I didn't go to bed last night. I felt so _________ at school today.
a) sleep b) sleeping c) slept d) sleepy
48) The teacher smiled _________ at the children in her new class.
a) warm b) warmth c) warmly d) warmed
Order Of Adjectives ‫ترتيب الصفات‬
Opinion Size Age Shape Color Nationality Material Purpose

‫رأي‬ ‫حجم‬ ‫عمر‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫لون‬ (origin ) ‫أصل‬ ‫مادة‬ ‫الغرض‬
silly tiny ancient square blue French wooden sleeping
nice small new round pink American metal roasting
funny huge young oval reddish eastern cotton
little old flat grey Greek paper

1) My sister bought me a _______________ for my birthday.
a) thick sweater woolen b) woolen thick sweater
c) thick woolen sweater d) woolen thick sweater
2) My mother bought me a ___________________ coat.
a) French woollen black b) black woollen French
c) woollen French black d) black French woolen
70
3) The painting they bought is ____________________.
a) beautiful a very one b) very a beautiful one
c) a very beautiful one d) a beautiful very one
4) My sister has _____________ dresses .
a) long 2 red cotton b) 2 long red cotton c) red long 2 cotton d) 2 cotton long red
5) I’ve bought a _______________ wallet at the Grand Store.
a) new British black b) black new British c) British new black d) new black
British
6) James bought a ________ jacket from Dubai last weekend .
a) black lovely leather b) lovely black leather
c) lovely leather black d)leather black lovely
7) Mike has a ____________ car.
a) Japanese splendid new b) new splendid Japanese
c) splendid new Japanese d) new Japanese splendid
Which sentence is correct English?

1) a) Makes Rashid always fun at home . b) Rashid makes always fun at home.
c) At home makes Rashid fun always. d) Rashid always makes fun at home.
2) a) Tomorrow flying am to I Palestine. b) I flying Palestine am to tomorrow.

c) Palestine tomorrow I flying to am. d) I am flying to Palestine tomorrow.
71

Pronouns and Relative Pronouns Guide

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Pronouns and Relative Pronouns Guide

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Pronouns ‫الضمائر‬

First Person ‫متكلم‬ Second Person ‫مخاطب‬ Third Person ‫غائب‬

Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive Pronouns

I me my mine ‫ملكي‬ myself ‫ بنفسي‬/ ‫نفسي‬

You you your yours ‫ملكك‬ yourself ‫ بنفسك‬/ ‫نفسك‬

You you your yours ‫ملككم‬ yourselves ‫ بأنفسكم‬/ ‫أنفسكم‬

Choose the correct answer:

. ‫نستخدم ضمير الوصل ليحل محل االسم أو الضمير في الجملة الثانية‬

Relative Usage Example

whoever ) ‫أي شخص ( سواء فاعل أو مفعول‬ ) wherever ( ‫أي مكان‬

Choose the correct answer:

3) _______________ was a long queue in front of the cinema.

How + adj = What + n

How tall? What height?

How many ( ‫) اسم جمع‬ How many boys … ?

Choose the correct answer:

Sentence Tag Question Sentence Tag Question

Helping (aux.) verb Main verb

‫الماضي‬ was / were

‫المضارع‬ have / has

Subj. be ‫يكون‬ have ‫يمتلك‬ do ‫ يفعل‬/ ‫يعمل‬

want - need - would like - hope – plan - try –

( make / let ) – ( had better / would rather ) to ‫مصدر الفعل بدون‬

( in , on , at , of , for , about , by , : ‫حروف الجر‬ V + ing

( There is / are + object ) V + ing

Choose the correct answer:

Choose the correct answer :

Affirmative ‫اثبات‬ Negative ‫نفي‬ Question ‫سؤال‬

Choose the correct answer:

Choose the correct answer:

Future Simple ‫مستقبل بسيط‬

Affirmative ‫اثبات‬ Negative ‫نفي‬ Question ‫سؤال‬

. ‫) للتعبير عن النية أو عندما يكون هناك دليل‬going to ( ‫نستخدم‬

Present Continuous ‫مضارع مستمر‬

Affirmative ‫اثبات‬ Negative ‫نفي‬ Question ‫سؤال‬

Present Simple & Present Continuous ‫مضارع بسيط ومضارع مستمر‬

Past Continuous ‫ماضي مستمر‬

Affirmative ‫اثبات‬ Negative ‫نفي‬ Question ‫سؤال‬

Past Simple & Past ‫ماضي بسيط وماضي مستمر‬

Affirmative ‫اثبات‬ Negative ‫نفي‬ Question ‫سؤال‬

Present Perfect Continuous ‫مضارع تام مستمر‬

Affirmative ‫اثبات‬ Negative ‫نفي‬ Question ‫سؤال‬

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Affirmative ‫اثبات‬ Negative ‫نفي‬ Question ‫سؤال‬

Past Simple & Past Perfect ‫ماضي بسيط وماضي تام‬

‫الروابط الزمنية مع الماضي البسيط والماضي التام‬

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Expressing habit ‫التعبير عن العادة‬

: ‫للتعبير عن عادة في الماضي نستخدم‬ Ex: 1) When I was young, I used to

‫ ( مضارع‬am / is / are ) ( get / gets ) 1) Now I'm used to riding a bike.

Active ‫مبني للمعلوم‬ Passive ‫مبني للمجهول‬

Ali writes letters everyweek . Letters are written ( by Ali ) everyweek.

( ‫ الفاعل ( صاحب الشئ‬+ have ( ‫ ) حسب زمن الحدث‬+ ‫ المفعول‬+ V3

‫الجملة العادية‬ ‫جملة السببية‬ ‫الجملة العادية‬ ‫جملة السببية‬

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.) interesting ( ‫ ) لألشياء‬ing ( ‫) والصفات المنتهية ب‬interested( ‫) لألشخاص‬ed( ‫الصفات المنتهية ب‬

( The …. er / more ) : ‫* عند التعبير عن المقارنة المتوازية نستخدم‬

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as ( adj ) as Ex : Ahmed is as tall as Ali.

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Singular ‫مفرد‬ Plural ‫جمع‬ Uncountable ‫ال يعد‬

An egg Both eggs

boy Other boys Other water