PROJECT REPORT ON

DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINNERING

Submitted by
T. Venkata pravinay 14176-C-054
T. Changal raidu 14176-C-009
B. Venkata Subbaiah 14176-C-052
M. Mohan 14176-C-025
B. Vamsi Krishna 14176-C-048
P. Vamsi 14176-C-049
K. Mohammad 14176-C-021
P. Surya Prakash 14176-C-045

Under the guidance of

Sri. N. SAGAR REDDY.
Senior lecturer in Civil Engg.Dept.

DEPERTMENT OF THE CIVIL ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
RAJAMPET.
2016-2017

CERTIFICATE
 This is to certify that the project entitled “Design of Residential

Building” at Rajampet is bonified work done and submitted by

Mr/Ms._______________________________ student of 6th semester D.C.E

batch (2014-17) bearing P.I.N.__________________. In Partial fulfilment of

the requirements for the awards of the Diploma in Civil Engineering .

PROJECT GUIDE
Sri. N. SAGAR REDDY,
Senior Lecturer in Civil Engineering

Dr. N. SIVA RAMAN, EXAMINER.

Head of the Civil Department
Govt. Polytechnic.
Rajampet.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 We express our sincere thanks and heartful gratitude to our beloved
lecturer Sri. N. SAGAR REDDY, for the valuable guidance and
encouragement at various stages for completing this project work successfully.

Our sincere thanks to sri Dr. N. SIVARAMAN . Head of civil

engineering section, and other members of staff for their suggestions and
guidance in doing this work.

T. Venkata pravinay
T. Changal raidu
B. Venkata Subbaiah
M. Mohan
B. Vamsi Krishna
P. Vamsi
K. Mohammad
P. Surya Prakash

CONTENTS
1. SYMBOLS
2. INTRODUCTION
3. DESIGNS
4. DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLABS
i.FOR MASTERS BEDE ROOM
ii.FOR BED ROOM
iii.FOR DINING
iv.FOR HALL
v.FOR KITCHEN
vi.FOR POOJA&VERANDAH
5. DESIGN OF BEAMS
i.FOR L-BEAMS
ii.FOR T-BEAMS
6. DESIGN OF FOOTINGS
7. DESIGN OF SUNSHADE CUM LINTEL
8. DESIGN OF SQUARE COLUMN
9. DETAILED ESTIMATIONS
10.ABSTRACT ESTIMATIONS
11.DETAIL DRAWINGS
12.CONCLUSION
13.BIBLIOGRAPHY
SYMBOLS
 SYMBOLS
𝝈cbc : Permissible stress in concrete
𝝈st : Permissible stress in steel
M.F : Modification Factor
Le : Effective Length
d : Effective Depth
M.R : Moment of Resistance
V or F : Shear Force
Ast : Area of Steel
Asc : Cross Sectional Area of longitudinal Bars
Z : Lever Arm
Sv : Pitch of spacing of stirrups
𝝉v : Nominal Shear Stress In Concrete
𝝉c : Permissible Shear Stress In Concrete
C/C : Center to Center
Fe250 : Mild Steel
Fe415 : Tar steel
M 20 : Grade of Concrete
m : Modular Ratio
P : Total Load Coming From The Structure
t : Thickness Of Load Bearing Wall
w : Load Per Meter Run
Vs : Shear Reinforcement
 Sv : Spacing of Vertical stirrups
fy :Characteristic Strength Of Concrete
ɸ : Diameter of Bars
Cr : Reduction Co-Efficient
Cc : Permissible Stress in Concrete In
Direct Compression
Ac : Cross Section of Concrete
𝝈sc : Permissible Compression Strength In
Column
b :LeastLateralDimensionsOfThe
Column
R.F : Reduction Factor
J : Co-Efficient Of Lever Arm
Q : Co-Efficient Of Beam
Lx : Short Span
Ly : Long Span
 INTRODUCTION

GENERAL REPORT:

The main aim of the project work is that curriculum to give an opportunity to
utilize the knowledge and skills gained in the class room and apply the same
to the practical situation.

Now a days residential buildings are constructed in a good locality according

to good environment.Normally residential buildings are constructed in two
methods .Namely load bearing walls, framed structures.In load bearing wall
structures number of floors is restricted where as in framed structures
number of floors are unlimited subjected to local conditions. Such as bearing
capacity of soil.

Although any housing project must be primarily to increase the

quantity,quality and availability of housing its contribution to urban and
economic development should not be ignored. An appropriate will be one is
which the full range of urban activities including work and recreation are
included.

This project all the walls are 300mm thick and roof slab is designed as two
way slab.
 ARRANGAEMENT OF ROOMS THEIR POSITION AND
PURPOSE
1. LIVING ROOM:

Living should be well lighted and ventilated and located at the starting of the
building in the front having access from all the in rooms for orthodox
families’ observant purda.Living room serves as recreation room, study
room, entering room for guest and visitors sand congregation room on
special occasions of marriages, religious functions etc,Floor of the living
room should be tiled and walls should be distempered or color washed.

2. DINING ROOM:

This room should be near to the living room and should be near to the
pantry. This should be provided with a cupboard and a wash basin should be
fixed in one corner or side. In some cases for economy so separate dining
room is prescribed the drawing room is used as combined drawing and
dining room.Dining room should be provided fire roof doors and windows
.Floor and wall finish should be of the same typed as per drawing room. The
common walls in between the drawing room and dining room.

3.BED ROOM:

Bed room should be located on the sides of the building with atleast one wall
exposed to outer space for ventilation and light.They should be places on the
sides of the prevailing wind with sufficient windows and ventilator having
sunshade to protect against sun and rain.An ideal bed room receives sun’s
with a lobby or verandah.Kitchen should be well ventilated and provided
with shelves, fly proof doors and windows and exhauster for smoke to
escape.Kitchen should be provided with sink for washing.

4.BATH AND W.C:

Bath and w.c are usually combined in one room and attached to the bed
rooms and should be ventilated. This should be fitted with shower wash
basis, water closet has towel racks brackets etc.., of white glazed type. Floor
should be tiled of white glazed tiles.Instead of providing all bed rooms with
attached bath and w.c separate and latrines may also provided.According to
Indian practices, one or two bed rooms may have attached bath room and
w.c and separate and bath latrines may be provided in the rear for general.
5.HEIGHT OF ROOM:

The height of a room depends on its site , bigger the room the higher it
should but in practice room are not made higher than 4.8(16”).In higher
rooms the upper space is not properly ventilated becomes filled with
stagnant air which cannot escape, and the extra height of the room does not
serve any useful purpose. Even if ventilators are provided usual practice is
not to keep them open. For residential building living rooms should be
height of 3.3m, in high building the rooms remain cooler during summer
and warmer during the winter through in recent research on building it has
been ascertained that height has very little effect on temperature inside room.
6.HEIGHT OF BUILDING:

The total height of the building depends on the wide of the road in front,and
should not be more than the width of the road.The maximum height should
be such that a plane cuts no part of the building drawn at 45 angles from the
opposite edge of the road.
7.THICKNESS OF WALL:

For residential buildings of one storey one brick, 20 cm thick wall is

sufficient,for two storey buildings wall of G.F may be one and half brick
30cm,and for the three storied floor may be of one brick 20cm and for wall
of first building. The G.F and first floor wall may be of one and half brick
30cm and second floor wall may be of one brick 20cm partition walls may
be provided with light enforcement. Storied building higher than three
storey, the structure should be R.C.C or steel frame with panel walls of one
brick 30cm supported over beams and architrave’s.
8. ORIENTATION OF BUILDING AND PRINCIPLE OF HOUSE PLANNING:
The planning of the building with respect to the geographical direction(East,
West, North, and South) the direction of the wind and the attitude and
azimuth of sun is known as the ORIENTATION of the building.The building
should be placed in such a way that it drives maximum benefit from sun,air
and nature and at the same time it is protected from their harmful effects. If
may not be possible to orient each in that desired direction to have maximum
benefit of sun,air and nature as in towns the orientation of individual
building in desire of various factors like the position of the garden and
parks,the shape and size of plot of land etc., in such cases the orientation
should be fixed with respect to the frontage of the building only.The proper
account of its functional requirements,as per example the general services
facilities could be grouped on the western side to protect the living rooms
from the more not afternoon sun.
DESIGNS
TWO WAY SLAB FOR MASTER BED ROOM:
Clear short span = 4 m
Clear long span = 5.65 m
Wall thickness = 300 mm
𝑙𝑦 5650
= = 1.412 < 2
𝑙𝑥 4000

𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 20 N/mm2
𝑓𝑦 = 415 N/mm2
Thickness of slab:
𝑙𝑥 4000
Assuming effective depth = = =150 mm
28 28

Overall depth = 150+25+5 = 180 mm

Self weight = 0.18×25 = 4.5 KN/ m2
Live load = 2 KN/m2
Floor finishes = 1 KN/m2
Total load = 7.5 KN/m2
Factored load wu = 1.5 ×7.5 = 11.25 KN/m2
Effective Span:
Lx = 4000+150 = 4.15m
Ly = 5650+150=5.8 m
𝑙𝑦 5800
= =1.397
𝑙𝑥 4150

Bending moment and shear force:

The slab is simply supported on all the four sides. The corners are not held
down. Hence moments coefficients are obtained from Table – 27 of IS:456

αx(-ve) = 0.071
αx(+ve) = 0.053
αy(-ve) = 0.047
αy(+ve) = 0.035
Mux (-ve) = αx (-ve) Wu Lx2
= 0.071X 11.25 X 4.152
= 13.756KNM
Mux (+ve) = 0.053X 11.25 X 4.152
= 10.269KNM
Mux (-ve) = 0.047 X 11.25 X 4.152
= 9.106KNM
Mux (+ve) = 0.035 X 11.25 X 4.152
= 6.781KNM
𝑊𝑢 𝐿 11.25 𝑋 4.15
Shear for U Vu= = = 23.39 KN
2 2

Minimum Depth Required

The Min depth required to resist B.M
MU = 0.138 fckbd2
8.363 × 106 = 0.138 × 20 × 100 × d2
d = 55.046 < 125 mm (depth required )
Hence depth is adequate.
Reinforcement
Along Short span (-ve) @ Support
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87Fy Ast d [ 1- . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑

415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
8.63 × 106 = 0.87 × 415 × Ast × 125 [1- × ]
20 1000 𝑋 125

Ast = 197.708mm2
using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = × 1000 = 197.708 × 1000 = 397.25MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡

Max spacing
I. 3d = 3 × 125 = 375
II. 300mm whichever is less
 Hence, provide 10mm bars @ 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = × 1000 = × 1000 = 261.799mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300

Along short span (+ve) Mid span

𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
6.29 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 125 [1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 125

Ast = 142.75mm2
Min reinforcement Ast min = 0.12% of gross area
0.12
= 𝑋 1000 𝑋 180
100
Ast min = 216 mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝑎𝑠𝑡
spacing = 𝑋1000
𝐴𝑆𝑡
𝜋
𝑋10
4 2
= x 1000
216
= 363.61mm
Max spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 125 = 375mm
II. 300mm
Hence provide 70mm bars @ 300 mm C/C

Ast Max = 261.88m2

Along y direction or long span (-ve) @ support

d =125-10 =115

𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
7.04 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 115 [1- 20
X 1000 𝑋 125
]
Ast = 175mm2
Ast Min = 216mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = x 1000 = 363.61MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡 216
Max Spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 125 = 375
II. 300mm whichever is less
Hence provide 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 261.799mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300

Along long span (+ve) Mid span

d = 115mm
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
5.24 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 115 [1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 115

Ast = 129.211mm2
Ast Min = 216mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = x 1000 = 363.61MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡 216
Max spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 125 = 375
II. 300mm whichever is less
Hence, provide 10mm bars @ 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 261.88mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300

Ast Min = 261.88mm2

Reinforcement in Edge strip
Ast = = 0.12% of gross area
 0.12
= 𝑋 1000 𝑋 180
100
Ast = 216 mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = x 1000 = 363.61MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡 216
Max spacing
I. 5d = 5 X 180 = 900mm
II. II. 450mm whichever is less
Provide 10mm dia bars @ 360mm C/C in edge strip in both directions
𝜋
𝑋 10
4 2
= 360
X 1000 = 218.166mm2
Torsion reinforcement:
At the corner, where bothedger are discontinuous, areoa reinforcement in each
layer
3 3
At= Astx = x216 = 162mm2
4 4

Distance over which torsion reinforcement is to be provided

1
= xShort span
5
1 1
= xlx = x 4150=830mm
5 5

Using 6 mm bars, spacing

𝜋
𝑋6
4
S== x1000 =174.533mm
162
Hence provide 8 mm bars at 170 mm c/c in four layer at corner a when both
edges are discontinuous.
At the corner where one edge is discontinuous and one edge is continuous, area
of reinforcement in each layer.
1 3
Ast = x xAst
2 4
1 3
= x x216
2 4

= 81 mm2
Using 8mm bars spacing
𝜋
𝑋62
4
S= = 340.065mm
81
Hence provide 8 mm bars at 340mm c/c at corners where one edge is
continuous
At the corner, where both edges are continuous torsion reinforcement is not
required.
Check for deflection:
𝑙
For simply supported slabs basic value of ratio = 20
𝑑

Modification factor for tension steel F1

% of steel = 0.12
Fs= 0.58 fy
= 0.58x415
=240 N/mm2
From fig 4 of IS 456, modification factor =1.6
𝑙
Max permitted ratio = 1.6x20= 32
𝑑
𝑙 4150
=provided = =27.67 <32
𝑑 150

Hence deflection control is safe.

TWO WAY SLAB FOR BED ROOM:
Clear short span = 5.50 m
Clear long span = 5.65 m
Wall thickness = 300 mm
𝑙𝑦 5650
= = 1.022 < 2
𝑙𝑥 5500

𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 20 N/mm2
𝑓𝑦 = 415 N/mm2
Thickness of slab:
Assuming effective depth (d) =150 mm
Overall depth = 150+25+5 = 180 mm
Self weight = 0.18×25 = 4.5 KN/ m2
Live load = 2 KN/m2
Floor finishes = 1 KN/m2
Total load = 7.5 KN/m2
Factored load wu = 1.5 ×7.5 = 11.25 KN/m2
Effective Span:
Lx = 5500+150 = 5.65m
Ly = 5650+150=5.80m
𝑙𝑦 5800
= =1.02
𝑙𝑥 5650

Bending moment and shear force:

The slab is simply supported on all the four sides. The corners are not held
down. Hence moments coefficients are obtained from Table – 27 of IS:456

αx(-ve) = 0.048
αx(+ve) = 0.036
αy(-ve) = 0.047
αy(+ve) = 0.035
 Mux (-ve) = αx (-ve) Wu Lx2
= 0.048X 11.25 X 5.82
= 18.17KNM
Mux (+ve) = 0.036X 11.25 X 5.82
= 13.73KNM
Mux (-ve) = 0.047 X 11.25 X 5.82
= 17.79KNM
Mux (+ve) = 0.035 X 11.25 X 5.82
= 13.245KNM
𝑊𝑢 𝐿 11.25 𝑋 5.8
Shear for U Vu= = = 32.63 KN
2 2

Minimum Depth Required

The Min depth required to resist B.M
MU = 0.138 fckbd2
18.71 X 106 = 0.138 X 20 X 1000 X d2
d = 82.33 < 125 mm (depth required )
Hence depth is adequate.
Reinforcement
Along Short span (-ve) @ Support
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87fy Ast d [ 1- . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑

415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
18.17 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 150[ 1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 150

Ast = 352.718mm2
using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = 352.718 x 1000 = 222.674mm
𝐴𝑠𝑡

Max spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 150 = 450
II. 300mm whichever is less
 Hence, provide 10mm bars @ 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 261.799mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300

Along short span (+ve) Mid span

𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
13.75 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 150 [1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 1250

Ast = 263.00mm2
Min reinforcement Ast min = 0.12% of gross area
0.12
= 𝑋 1000 𝑋 180
100
Ast min = 216 mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝑎𝑠𝑡
spacing = 𝑋1000
𝐴𝑆𝑡
𝜋
𝑋10
4 2
= x 1000
263
= 298.63mm
Max spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 150 = 450mm
II. 300mm
Hence provide 10mm bars @ 300 mm C/C

Along y direction or long span (-ve) @ support

d =150-10 =140

𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
17.79 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 140 [1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 140
Ast = 372.52mm2
Ast Min = 216mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
 𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = 372.52 x 1000 = 210.83mm
𝐴𝑠𝑡
Max Spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 140 = 420
II. 300mm whichever is less
Hence provide 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 261.799mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300

Along long span (+ve) Mid span

d = 115mm
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
13.245 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 140 [1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 140

Ast = 272.97mm2
Ast Min = 216mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = 272.97 x 1000 = 287.75mm
𝐴𝑠𝑡
Max spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 140 = 420
II. 300mm whichever is less
Hence, provide 10mm bars @ 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 261.88mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300

Ast Min = 261.88mm2

Reinforcement in Edge strip
Ast = = 0.12% of gross area
0.12
= 𝑋 1000 𝑋 180
100
 Ast = 216 mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = x 1000 = 363.61MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡 216
Max spacing
I. 5d = 5 X 180 = 900mm
II. II. 450mm whichever is less
Provide 10mm dia bars @ 360mm C/C in edge strip in both directions
𝜋
𝑋 10
4 2
= X 1000 = 218.166mm2
360

Torsion reinforcement:
At the corner, where bothedger are discontinuous, areoa reinforcement in each
layer
3 3
At= Astx = x216 = 162mm2
4 4

Distance over which torsion reinforcement is to be provided

1
= xShort span
5
1 1
= xlx = x 5650=1160mm
5 5

Using 6 mm bars, spacing

𝜋
𝑋6
4
S== x1000 =174.533mm
162
Hence provide 8 mm bars at 170 mm c/c in four layer at corner a when both
edges are discontinuous.
At the corner where one edge is discontinuous and one edge is continuous, area
of reinforcement in each layer.
1 3
Ast = x xAst
2 4
1 3
= x x216
2 4

= 81 mm2
Using 8mm bars spacing
 𝜋
𝑋62
4
S= = 340.065mm
81
Hence provide 8 mm bars at 340mm c/c at corners where one edge is
continuous
At the corner, where both edges are continuous torsion reinforcement is not
required.
TWO WAY SLAB FOR DINING
length of short span

Lx = 3.5m
Ly = 4.0 m

d = 125 mm
D = 150 mm ≅ 180 mm

Lx = 3.5 + 0.15 = 3.65 m

Ly = 4.0 + 0.15 = 4.15 m
Load
Self weight of slab = 0.18 X 25 = 4.5KN/M2
live load = 2KN/M2
Floor finishes = 1 KN/M2
Total load = W = 7.5 KN/M2
Wu = 1.5 X 7.5 = 11.25 KN/M2

𝐿𝑦 4.15
= 3.65= 1.14
𝐿𝑥

Moments
αx(-ve) = 0.0558
αx(+ve) = 0.0042
αy(-ve) = 0.047
αy(+ve) = 0.035

Mux (-ve) = αx (-ve) Wu Lx2

= 0.0558 X 11.25 X 3.652
= 8.363 KNM
Mux (+ve)= 0.042 X 11.25 X 3.652
= 6.29 KNM
Mux (-ve) = 0.047 X 11.25 X 3.652
= 6.29 KNM
Mux (+ve) = 0.035 X 11.25 X 3.652
= 5.24 KNM
 𝑊𝑢 𝐿 11.25 𝑋 3.65
Shear for U Vu= = = 0.53 KN
2 2
Minimum Depth Required
The Min depth required to resist B.M
MU = 0.138 fckbd2
8.363 X 106 = 0.138 X 20 X 100 X d2
d = 55.046 < 125 mm (depth required )
Hence depth is adequate.
Reinforcement
Along Short span (-ve) @ Support
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87Fy Ast d [ 1- . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑

415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
8.63 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 125 [1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 125

Ast = 197.708mm2
using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = 197.708 x 1000 = 397.25MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡

Max spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 125 = 375
II. 300mm whichever is less
Hence, provide 10mm bars @ 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 261.799mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300

Along short span (+ve) Mid span

𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
6.29 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 125 [1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 125

Ast = 142.75mm2
Min reinforcement Ast min = 0.12% of gross area
 0.12
= 𝑋 1000 𝑋 180
100
Ast min = 216 mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝑎𝑠𝑡
spacing = 𝑋1000
𝐴𝑆𝑡
𝜋
𝑋10
4 2
= x 1000
216
= 363.61mm
Max spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 125 = 375mm
II. 300mm
Hence provide 70mm bars @ 300 mm C/C

Ast Max = 261.88m2

Along y direction or long span (-ve) @ support

d =125-10 =115

𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
7.04 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 115 [1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 125
Ast = 175mm2
Ast Min = 216mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = x 1000 = 363.61MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡 216
Max Spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 125 = 375
II. 300mm whichever is less
Hence provide 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 261.799mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300
Along long span (+ve) Mid span
d = 115mm
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
5.24 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 115 [1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 115

Ast = 129.211mm2
Ast Min = 216mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = x 1000 = 363.61MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡 216
Max spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 125 = 375
II. 300mm whichever is less
Hence, provide 10mm bars @ 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 261.88mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300

Ast Min = 261.88mm2

Reinforcement in Edge strip

Ast = = 0.12% of gross area
0.12
= 𝑋 1000 𝑋 180
100
Ast = 216 mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = x 1000 = 363.61MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡 216
Max spacing
I. 5d = 5 X 180 = 900mm

II. 450mm whichever is less

Provide 10mm dia bars @ 360mm C/C in edge strip
𝜋
𝑋10
4 2
Ast = x 1000
360
=218.17mm2
TWO WAY SLAB FOR HALL

5800 x 3500
Lx = 3.5 m Lx
Ly = 5.8 m

d = 125 mm Lx
D = 180 mm

Lx = 3.5 + 0.125 = 3.625 m

Ly = 5.8 + 0.125 = 5.925 m
Load
Self weight of slab = 0.18 X 25 = 4.5KN/M2
live load =4.5KN/M2
Floor finishes = 2 KN/M2
Total load = W = 7.5 KN/M2
Wu = 1.5 X 7.5 = 11.25 KN/M2
𝐿𝑦 5.925
= 3.625= 1.634
𝐿𝑥

Moments
αx(-ve) = 0.079
αx(+ve) = 0.055
αy(-ve) = 0.037
αy(+ve) = 0.028

Mux (-ve) = αx (-ve) Wu Lx2

= 0.072 X 11.25 X 3.6252
= 10.64KNM
Mux (+ve) = 0.055 X 11.25 X 3.6252
= 8..13KNM
Mux (-ve) = 0.037 X 11.25 X 3.6252
= 5.469 KNM
Mux (+ve) = 0.028 X 11.25 X 3.6252
= 4.1392KNM
 𝑊𝑢 𝐿 11.25 𝑋 3.625
Shear for U Vu= = = 20.39 KN
2 2
Minimum Depth Required
The Min depth required to resist B.M
MU = 0.138 fck bd2
13.756X 106 = 0.138 X 20 X 1000 X d2
d = 70.597 < 150 mm (depth required )
Hence depth is adequate.
Reinforcement
Along Short span (-ve) @ Support
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87Fy Ast d [ 1- . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑

415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
13.756 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 150[ 1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 150

Ast = 263.613mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋102
4
spacing = X 1000 = 263.613x 1000 =297.93MM2
𝐴𝑠𝑡
Max Spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 150 = 375mm
II. 300mm whichever is less
Hence provide 290mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 270.827mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 290

Along long span (+ve) Mid span

𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
10.269 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 150[ 1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 150

Ast = 194.876 mm2

Minimum Reinforcement
 Ast = 0.12% of gross area
0.12
= 𝑋 1000 𝑋 180
100
Ast = 216 mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = x 1000 = 363.61MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡 216
Max spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 150 = 450
II. 300mm
Hence, provide 10mm bars @ 300mm C/C
/Along Y direction (or) long span (-ve) Support
These bars will be placed above the bars in x-direction Effective depth
d =150-10 =140

𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
9.106 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 140[ 1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 140
Ast = 185.235mm2
Ast Min = 216mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = 185.235 x 1000 = 424MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡
Max Spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 125 = 375
II. 300mm whichever is less
Hence provide 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 261.88mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300

Along long span (+ve) Mid span

d = 140mm
 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
6.78 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 140[ 1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 140

Ast = 136.911mm2
Ast Min = 216mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = x 1000 = 363.61MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡 216
Max spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 125 = 375
II. 300mm
Hence, provide 10mm bars @ 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 261.88mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300

Ast Min = 261.88mm2

Reinforcement in Edge strip

Ast = 0.12% of gross area
0.12
= 𝑋 1000 𝑋 180
100
Ast = 216 mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = x 1000 = 363.61MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡 216
Max spacing
I. 5d = 5 X 180 = 900mm
II. 450mm whichever is less
Provide 10mm dia bars @ 360mm C/C in edge strip in both directions
𝜋
𝑋 10
4 2
= X 1000
360
= 218.17 mm
TWO WAY SLAB FOR KITCHEN
Lx =3.5m
Ly= 4.0m
d=0.15m
D= 0.18m
Lx = 3.5+0.15=3.65m
Ly= 4.0+0.15=4.15m
Loads:
Self weight of slab =0.18x25= 4.5 KN/m2
Live load = 2 KN/m2
Floor finish = 1KN/m2
Total load w =7.5KN/m2
Factored load wu=1.5x7.5
= 11.25KN/m2
𝑙𝑦 4.15
= =1.14
𝑙𝑥 3.65

Moments:
∝𝑥 (−𝑣𝑒)=0.056
∝𝑥 (+𝑣𝑒)=0.042
∝𝑦 (−𝑣𝑒)=0.047
∝𝑦 (+𝑣𝑒)=0.035

Mux (-ve) = αx (-ve) Wu Lx2

= 0.056X 11.25 X 4.152
= 10.85KNM
Mux (+ve) = 0.042X 11.25 X 4.152
= 8.14KNM
Mux (-ve) = 0.047 X 11.25 X 4.152
= 9.11KNM
 Mux (+ve) = 0.035 X 11.25 X 4.152
= 6.781KNM
𝑊𝑢 𝐿 11.25 𝑋 4.15
Shear for U Vu= = = 23.39 KN
2 2

Minimum Depth Required

The Min depth required to resist B.M
MU = 0.138 fckbd2
10.85 X 106 = 0.138 X 20 X 1000 X d2
d = 62.69 < 150 mm (depth required )
Hence depth is adequate.
Reinforcement
Along Short span (-ve) @ Support
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87Fy Ast d [ 1- . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑

415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
10.85X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 150[ 1- X ]
20 1000 𝑋 150

Ast = 206.22mm2
using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = 206.22 x 1000 = 380.85MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡

Max spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 125 = 375
II. 300mm whichever is less
Hence, provide 10mm bars @ 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 261.799mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300

Along short span (+ve) Mid span

𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
8.14X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 150[ 1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 150
 Ast = 153.56mm2
Min reinforcement Ast min = 0.12% of gross area
0.12
= 𝑋 1000 𝑋 180
100
Ast min = 216 mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝑎𝑠𝑡
spacing = 𝑋1000
𝐴𝑆𝑡
𝜋
𝑋10
4 2
= x 1000
216
= 363.61mm
Max spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 125 = 375mm
II. 300mm
Hence provide 70mm bars @ 300 mm C/C

Ast Max = 261.88m2

Along y direction or long span (-ve) @ support

d =150-10 =140

𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Muy = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
9.11 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 140[ 1- X ]
20 1000 𝑋 140
Ast = 185.318mm2
Ast Min = 216mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = x 1000 = 363.61MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡 216
Max Spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 125 = 375
 II. 300mm whichever is less
Hence provide 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 261.799mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300

Along long span (+ve) Mid span

d = 140mm
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Muy = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
6.78X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 140[ 1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 140

Ast = 136.91mm2
Ast Min = 216mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = x 1000 = 363.61MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡 216
Max spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 125 = 375
II. 300mm whichever is less
Hence, provide 10mm bars @ 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 261.88mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300

Ast Min = 261.88mm2

Reinforcement in Edge strip
Ast = = 0.12% of gross area
0.12
= 𝑋 1000 𝑋 180
100
Ast = 216 mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = x 1000 = 363.61mm
𝐴𝑠𝑡 216
Max spacing
 I. 5d = 5 X 180 = 900mm
II. II. 450mm whichever is less
Provide 10mm dia bars @ 360mm C/C in edge strip in both directions
𝜋
𝑋 10
4 2
= X 1000 = 218.166mm2
360
Hence provide 8 mm bars at 170 mm c/c in four layer at corner a when both
edges are discontinuous.
At the corner where one edge is discontinuous and one edge is continuous, area
of reinforcement in each layer.
1 3
Ast = x xAst
2 4
1 3
= x x216
2 4

= 81 mm2
Using 8mm bars spacing
𝜋
𝑋62
4
S= = 340.065mm
81
Hence provide 8 mm bars at 340mm c/c at corners where one edge is
continuous
At the corner, where both edges are continuous torsion reinforcement is not
required.
TWO WAY SLAB FOR VERANDAH & POOJA

Lx = 3.5 m Lx
Ly = 5.8 m 5800 X 3500

d = 125 mm Lx
D = 180 mm

Lx = 3.5 + 0.125 = 3.625 m

Ly = 5.8 + 0.125 = 5.925 m
Load
Self weight of slab = 0.18 X 25 = 4.5KN/M2
live load =4.5KN/M2
Floor finishes = 2 KN/M2
Total load = W = 7.5 KN/M2
Wu = 1.5 X 7.5 = 11.25 KN/M2

𝐿𝑦 5.925
= 3.625= 1.634
𝐿𝑥

Moments
αx(-ve) = 0.079
αx(+ve) = 0.059
αy(-ve) = 0.047
αy(+ve) = 0.035

Mux (-ve) = αx (-ve) Wu Lx2

= 11.25 X 0.079 X 3.6252
= 11.67 KNM
Mux (+ve) = 0.059 X 11.25 X 3.6252
= 8.722 KNM
Mux (-ve) = 0.047 X 11.25 X 3.6252
= 6.948 KNM
Mux (+ve) = 0.035 X 11.25 X 3.6252
= 5.174 KNM
 𝑊𝑢 𝐿 11.25 𝑋 3.625
Shear for U Vu= = = 20.39 KN
2 2
Minimum Depth Required
The Min depth required to resist B.M
MU = 0.138 fck bd2
1.67 X 106 = 0.138 X 20 X 100 X d2
11.67 𝑋 10 6
d= √
0.138 𝑋 20 𝑋 1000

d = 65.0 < 125 mm (depth required )

Hence depth is adequate.
Reinforcement
Along Short span (-ve) @ Support
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
11.67 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 125 [1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 125

Ast = 270.74mm
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = 270.74 x 1000 = 290.09MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡
Max spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 125 = 375
II. 300mm whichever is less
Hence, provide 10mm bars @ 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 261.88mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300

Along short span (+ve) Mid span

𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
8.722 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 125 [1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 125

Ast = 199.89mm2
Min reinforcement Ast min = 0.12% of gross area
 0.12
= 𝑋 1000 𝑋 180
100
Ast min = 216 mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝑎𝑠𝑡
spacing = 𝑋1000
𝐴𝑆𝑡
𝜋
𝑋10
4 2
= x 1000
216
= 363.61mm
Max spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 125 = 375
II. 300mm whichever is less
Hence, provide 10mm bars @ 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 261.88mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300

Along Y direction (or) long span (-ve) Support

These bars will be placed above the bars in x-direction Effective depth
d =125-10 =115

𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
6.94 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 115 [1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 115
Ast = 172.711mm2
Ast Min = 216mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = x 1000 = 363.61MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡 216
Max Spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 125 = 375
II. 300mm whichever is less
Hence provide 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 261.88mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300
Along long span (+ve) Mid span
d = 115mm
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mux = 0.87 fy .Ast d [ 1 - . ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
5.174 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 115 [1- X 1000 ]
20 𝑋 115

Ast = 121.544mm2
Ast Min = 216mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = x 1000 = 363.61MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡 216
Max spacing
I. 3d = 3 X 125 = 375
II. 300mm
Hence, provide 10mm bars @ 300mm C/C
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 10
4 2
Ast max = X 1000 = X 1000 = 261.88mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 300

Ast Min = 261.88mm2

Reinforcement in Edge strip
Ast = 0.12% of gross area
0.12
= 𝑋 1000 𝑋 180
100
Ast = 216 mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋10
4 2
spacing = X 1000 = x 1000 = 363.61MM
𝐴𝑠𝑡 216
Max spacing
I. 5d = 5 X 180 = 900mm
II. 450mm whichever is less
Provide 10mm dia bars @ 360mm C/C in edge strip
𝜋
𝑋 10
4 2
= X 1000 =218.17mm
360
DESIGN OF BEAMS
L-BEAM DESIGN
5650
Breadth of flange bf = + 300 + 3 × 180
12

=1310.83mm
fck =2 0N/mm2
fy =415N/mm2
Total depth of the beam (d) =490mm
Dead load =25× 0.49 × 0.300
=3.675 KN/m
Factored load =3.675× 1.5
=5.512KN
Total load =5.512+82.125
=87.637KN
𝑊𝑢𝑙 2
Factored bending moment Mu =
8
87.637×5.652
=
8

=349.699KN-m
Assuming Xu with in the flange
Equating compressive force in concrete to tensile force in steel
0.36fck× 𝑏f×Xu =0.87fy×Ast
0.87×415×𝐴𝑠𝑡
Xu=
0.36×20×1310.83

=0.0382Ast
Reinforcement
Mu =0.87fy×Ast(d-0.42Xu)
349.699×106 =0.87×415 Ast(450-0.42×0.03282Ast)
Ast=2349.103mm2
X
u =0.0382 Ast
 =0.0382×2349.103
=89.735mm<Df
Hence our assumption is correct
0.85𝑏𝑤×𝑑
Mnimum area of steel in tensionAst min =
𝑓𝑦
0.85×300×450
=
415

=276.50 mm2<Ast
Maximum area of steel
Ast max =0.04×300×490
=5880mm2>Astprovided
DESIGN OF T- BEAM
5650
Breadth of flange bf = + 300 + 6 × 180
6

=2321.67mm
fck =20N/mm2
fy =415N/mm2
Total depth of the beam (d) =490mm
Dead load =25× 0.49 × 0.300
=3.675 KN/m
Factored load =3.675× 1.5
=5.512KN
Total load =5.512+94.55
=100.062KN
𝑊𝑢𝑙 2
Factored bending moment Mu =
8
100.062×5.652
=
8

=399.28KN-m
Assuming Xu with in the flange
Equating compressive force in concrete to tensile force in steel
0.36fck× 𝑏f×Xu =0.87fy×Ast
0.87×415×𝐴𝑠𝑡
Xu=
0.36×20×2321.67

=0.0215Ast
Reinforcement
Mu =0.87fy×Ast(d-0.42Xu)
399.28×106 =0.87×415 Ast(450-0.42×0.0215Ast)
Ast=2592.38mm2
X
u =0.0215Ast
=0.0215×2592.38
=55.736mm<Df
Hence our assumption is correct
 0.85𝑏𝑤×𝑑
Mnimum area of steel in tensionAst min =
𝑓𝑦
0.85×300×450
=
415

=276.50 mm2<Ast
Maximum area of steel
Ast max =0.04×300×490
=5880mm2>Astprovided
DESIGN OF FOOTING FOR A SQUARE COLUMN
Size of column = 300×300mm
SBC of soil assuming as = 400KN/m2
Axial service load = 265.897KN
Fck = 20KN/m2
Fy = 415N/mm2
Size of footing
Load from the column (P) = 265.897KN
Self weight of footing = 10% of column load
= 26.58KN
Total load on the soil =292.487KN
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
Area of footing =
𝑆𝐵𝐶 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙
292.487
=
400

= 0.731m2
Size of footing (B) = √0.731
= 0.855m
Adopt size of the footing as 0.9×0.9m
Upward soil pressure
Factored load (Pu) = 1.5×292.487
= 438.73KN
𝑃
Soil pressure at ultimate load (qu) =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
265.897
=
0.9×0.9

= 328.26KN/m2
= 0.032N/mm2
Depth of footing from bending moment consideration
𝐵(𝐵−𝑏)(𝐵−𝑏)
Bending moment (Mu) =qu×
8
900(900−300)(900−300)
= 0.259×
8
 =10.489×106 N-mm
But Mu = 0.138 fck bd2
10.489×106 =0.138×20×900×d2
d =64.981mm
Depth required to resist shear in footing is doubled
d =2×64.98
=129.96mm
Hence Provide 300mm effective depth ,350 overall depth to take care of shear
Reinforcement
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mu =0.87×fy×Ast× d (1- )
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐵 𝑑
415× Ast
10.4897× 106 =0.87× 415× Ast× 350 (1- )
20× 900× 350

Ast =83.54mm2
Using 10mm dia bars
𝑎𝑠𝑡.𝐵
Spacing of bars (S) =
𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝜋 10× 10× 900
= ×
4 83.54

=846.4mm
Provide 12mm bars @150mm c/c in both directions
Check for one way shear
Factored shea force Vu = Soil pressure from the shaded area
(𝐵−𝑏)
=qu B ( -d)
2
900−300
=0.259× 900 × ( -350)
2

=6340N
𝜏v = Vu/Bd

= 6340/900×350

=0.02N/mm2
𝜋 100
% of steel= × 102× =0.15%
4 180× 400
For 0.15% of steel, for M20 grade concrete,

𝜏c = 0.28N/mm2> 𝜏v

Hence it is safe with respect to one way shear.

CHECK FOR TWO WAY SHEAR:

The critical section is at a distance of d/2 from the face of the equivalent
square column.

Perimeter of critical section = 4(300+350) =2600mm

Area of critical section, A= 2600× 300 = 0.78 ×106

Two way shear Vu =310.8×103

Two way shear stress= Vu2/A

= 310.84× 103/(2000× 400)

= 0.288 N/mm2

Permissible punching stress

𝜏p = 0.25 √20

= 1.12 N/mm2> 0.28N/mm2

Hence it is safe with respect to two way shear

DESIGN OF SUNSHADE CUM LINTEL:

Sunshade is designed as a cantilever slab unit of width.

Depth of sunshade:

Selecting the depth as to based on stiffness

d= (600/10) = 60mm

Adopt an effective thickness of 60mm

And D= 85mm

Loads:

Self weight of sunshade= 0.085 × 25 = 1.68 KN/m

Imposed load = 1.68 KN/m

Total load = 1.68KN/m

Factored load wu = wl2/2=1.5× 1.68 =2.52 KN/m

𝑊𝑢×𝑙 2
Factored bending moment(Mu) =
2

2.53×0.62
=
2

= 0.455 KN-m

Depth required:

The minimum depth required to resist bending moment

Mu =0.138 fck bd2

0.455 × 106 = 0.138× 20 ×1000 × d2

d = 12.8mm(too small)<60mm

Adopt an overall depth of 60mm,with 8mm bar

Main reinforcement:

Area of steel is calculated by equating C&T

 0.87 fyAst =0.36 fck b xu.max

0.87×415× Ast =0.36× 20× 1000× 0.48× 60

Ast = 574.324mm2

Using 8mm diameter bars, spacing of bars

𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝜋 64
S= × 1000 = × ×1000
𝐴𝑠𝑡 4 574.324

= 87.52 mm

Maximum spacing is

1. 3d = 3(60) =180mm

2. 300mm whichever is less

Hence provide 8mm bars at 100mm c/c.

Distribution reinforcement:

Ast = 0.12% of gross area

0.12
= × 1000× 60 = 72mm2
100

Using 8mm bars, spacing.

𝜋 64×1000
S= × =698mm
4 72

Maximum spacing is

1. 5d=5(36) =180mm

2. 450mm whichever is less

Hence provide 8mm bars at 180mm c/c

Development length
0.87 𝑓𝑦 ∅
Ld =
4 𝑧𝑏𝑑
 0.87 ×415× 8
= = 376.1mm
4 × 1.2× 1.6

The main tension bars of sunshade should extend into lintel over a length of
380mm

Check for deflection

𝑙
For cantilever slab back value of ratio =7
𝑑

Modification factor for tension steel F1

% of steel =0.12%

fs =0.58×fy

=0.58× 415

=240 N/mm2

Modification factor =1.6

𝑙
Maximum permitted ratio =1.6×7 =11.2
𝑑

600
Provided is = =1<11.2
60

Hence deflection control is safe.

NOTE:

Lintel is provided continuously with a overall depth of 150mm.

DESIGN OF COLUMN

Assumed section = 300× 300

Over all length (L) = 3.69

Load from beams = 100.062KN

Self weight = 25×0.3×0.3× 3.69

= 8.3KN

Total load =108.365KN ≅ 110KN

Factored load = 1.5× 110

= 165KN

Gross area(Ag) = 300×300

= 90000mm2

Area of concrete(Ac) = Ag - Asc

= 90000- Asc

For axially loaded column

Pu = 0.4 fck Ac +0.67 fyAsc

165× 103 = 0.4× 20×( 9000- Asc) + 0.67× 415× Asc

Asc = 856.119mm2

Provide 6 bars of 16mm diameter

Therefore, Asc = 1206.4mm2

Lateral Ties:

Diameter of lateral ties should not be less than

∅ 16
(a) = = 4mm
4 4

(b) 6mm

Hence adopt 6mm dia bars.

Pitch of Lateral Ties:

Least lateral dimensions =230mm

(a) 16× ∅ = 16× 16 = 256mm

(b) 300mm.

Provide 6mm dia lateral ties at a pitch of

250mm c/c.

Check for deflection:

𝐿 𝑑 3690 230
Emin = + = + =15.04<20
500 30 500 30

Hence it is a short column.

ESTIMATIONS
 DETAILED ESTIMATIONS

S.No Description of work No's Length Breadth Depth Quantity Total quantity

1 Earthwork excavation
For foundation 12 1.2 1.2 0.65 11.232cum 11.232cum

2 Sand Filling
a) For master bed room 1 3.7 3.5 0.45 5.827
b)Toilet&offset 1 2.2 3.5 0.45 3.465
c)Bed room 1 2.7 5.3 0.45 6.439
d)Dining 1 3.7 3.2 0.45 5.328
e)Hall 1 5.95 3.2 0.45 8.568
f)kitchen 1 3.7 3.2 0.45 5.328
g)Pooja 1 1.2 3.2 0.45 1.728
h)Verandah 1 3.7 5.2 0.45 8.658
i)For trenches 2.646 47.987cum

3 P.C.C bed (1:4:8) 40 mm

i) For foundation 12 1.2 1.2 0.3 5.184
ii)For flooring 1 12.4 9.5 0.1 11.78 16.964cum

4 R.C.C. with C.M (1:

a)for footings 12 0.9 0.9 0.35 3.402
b)for columns 12 0.3 0.3 3.45 3.726
c)for slab 1 10.7 15.5 0.11 18.2435
d)for continuous lintel
i.Through out the building 1 57.8 0.3 0.15 2.601
e)plinth beam 1 85.4 0.3 0.45 11.529
f)Beams 1 85.4 0.3 3.8 97.356
g) sun shades
i)for windows 7 2.1 0.6 0.1 0.882 137.73cum

5 Brick masonry
a) For main walls 1 85.4 0.3 3 86.3
Deductions
i)For doors D1 5 1 2.1 0.3 3.15
ii)For doors D2 1 0.8 2.1 0.3 0.504
iii)For windows 7 1.8 1.2 0.3 4.536
iv)For ventilators 5 0.45 0.3 0.3 0.2025
v)For continuos lintel 1 57.8 0.3 0.15 2.601
vi)offset1 1 3.8 0.3 3 3.42
vii)off set2 on verandah 1 10.1 0.3 3 9.09
-23.503
b) For partition wall 1 5.7 0.2 3 3.42
Deductions 65.353cum
 i) Door (D2) 2 0.8 1.8 0.3 -0.864

6 Plastering
a) Inner sides of the walls
i)Bed room1 1 15.6 _ 3 46.8
ii)Toilet1 1 6.8 _ 3 20.4
iii)Bath room 1 7 _ 3 21
iv)Toilet2 1 8.2 _ 3 24.6
v)offset 1 12.5 _ 3 37.5
vi)Bed room2 1 17.2 _ 3 57.6
vii)Dining 1 15 _ 3 45
viii)Hall 1 18.6 _ 3 55.8
xi)Kitchen 1 15 _ 3 45
x)Pooja 1 10 _ 3 30
xi)Verandah 1 9.5 _ 3 28.7
xii)ceiling 1 12.4 9.5 _ 117.8
530.2

Deductions
I)Door D 5 1 _ 2.1 10.5
ii)Door D1 3 0.8 _ 1.8 4.32
III)Windows 6 1.8 _ 1.2 12.96
iv)Ventilators 5 0.45 _ 0.3 0.675
v)Offset 1 5 _ 3 15
-43.455

b)Out side of wall 1 52.4 _ 3.56 186.544 673.289sq.m

7 Painting
a) Inner sides of the walls
i)Bed room1 1 15.6 _ 3 46.8
ii)Toilet1 1 6.8 _ 3 20.4
iii)Bath room 1 7 _ 3 21
iv)Toilet2 1 8.2 _ 3 24.6
v)offset 1 12.5 _ 3 37.5
vi)Bed room2 1 17.2 _ 3 57.6
vii)Dining 1 15 _ 3 45
viii)Hall 1 18.6 _ 3 55.8
xi)Kitchen 1 15 _ 3 45
x)Pooja 1 10 _ 3 30
xi)Verandah 1 9.5 _ 3 28.7
xii)ceiling 1 12.4 9.5 _ 117.8
530.2

Deductions 673.289sq.m
 I)Door D 5 1 _ 2.1 10.5
ii)Door D1 3 0.8 _ 1.8 4.32
III)Windows 6 1.8 _ 1.2 12.96
iv)Ventilators 5 0.45 _ 0.3 0.675
v)Offset 1 5 _ 3 15
-43.455

b)Out side of wall 1 52.4 _ 3.56 186.544

8 Flooring with bathemcherla tiles 1 12.4 9.5 _ 117.8 117.8sq.m

Supply and fixing of doors and

windows in position with good
9
quality teak wood with all
necessary fittings
i) For door - D 5 1 _ 2.1 10.5
ii) For door-D1 3 0.8 _ 2.1 5.04
ii) For windows - W 7 1.8 _ 1.2 15.12
iii)For ventilator-V 5 0.45 _ 0.3 0.135 30.795sq.m
Providing High yeild strength
10 bars(HYSD Bars) of different dia
meters of R.C.C Work
i)High yield strength bars of
below 36mm diametre(Fe 415
Steel) _ _ _ _ _ 4930kgs

11 Provision for electrification

installation@10% _ _ _ _ _ L.S

12 Provision for water supply L.S

arrangement@7.5% _ _ _ _ _
Provision for petty super vision
13 L.S
charges@3% _ _ _ _ _
Provision for architectural
14 L.S
features@2% _ _ _ _ _
Provision for fluctuations of
15 L.S
rates@5% _ _ _ _ _
16 Contractors margin@15% _ _ _ _ _ L.S
 ABSTRACT ESTIMATIONS
SL.N DESCRIPTION OF ITEM QUANTIT RATE PER AMOUN
O Y T
1 Earth work excavation and depositing on bank
with initial lead of 10m and initial lift of 3m in
Loamy & Clayey Soils like BC Soils, Red Earth &
Ordinary Gravelly Soils ( SS 20-B) including all
operational incidental labour charges such as
11.232 159.25 cum 1790
shoring, strutting, sheeting, planking and
dewatering including cost of hire charges of T &
P, labour charges etc., complete for finished
item of work including seignerage charges
excluding dewatering charges etc.
2 Plain Cement Concrete corresponding to
M20grade as per IS 456 equivalent to
(1:1.5:3) proportion nominal mix (cement: fine
aggregate: Coarse aggregate) using 20mm size
Hard Blasted Granite (IS383, 1970) metal from
approved quarry including cost and conveyance
of all materials like cement, sand, coarse
aggregate, water etc. to site, including 5.184 4952.95 cum 25680
seigniorage charges, sales & other taxes on all
materials, all operational, incidental, and labour
charges such as mixing, laying and ramming
concrete in layers in position not exceeding
15cm, finishing top surface, curing concrete,
etc., complete for finished item of work for
Foundation bed
3 Plain Cement Concrete corresponding as
per IS 456 equivalent to (1:5:10) proportion
nominal mix (cement: fine aggregate: Coarse
aggregate) using 20mm size Hard Blasted
Granite (IS383, 1970) metal from approved
quarry including cost and conveyance of all
materials like cement, sand, coarse aggregate,
water etc. to site, including seigniorage charges, 11.78 2616.7 cum 30830
sales & other taxes on all materials, all
operational, incidental, and labour charges such
as mixing, laying and ramming concrete in
layers in position not exceeding 15cm, finishing
top surface, curing concrete, etc., complete for
finished item of work for Flooring bed(APSS
NO 402).
4 Filling of foundation,trenches,basement with
best river sand in layers of not more than 15cm
.Thick each well watered to saturation and 47.987 333.2 cum 15990
consolidated including cost and conveyance of
all materials,incidental charges etc., complete.
5 Reinforced Cement Concrete M 20 Design
Mix ( by weigh batching ) using 20mm size
(SS5) hard blasted granite machine crushed
graded metal (Coarse aggregate) from approved
quarry, using a minimum quantity of 350 kgs. of
cement per 1 cum of concreteincluding cost and
conveyance of all materials like cement, fine
aggregate (Sand), coarse aggregate, water etc.,
to site and cost of seigniorage charges on all
materials including centering using
Cashewrina Ballies and Wooden runners &
staging including all bracings, cross
members etc., shuttering , machine mixing,
laying concrete, vibrating,lift charges, curing
etc., complete but excluding cost of steel and it’s
fabrication charges for finished item of work
(APSS No. 402)
i)For columns 3.726 6199.25 23100
ii)For continuous lintels 2.601 6199.25 16130
iii)For slabs 18.245 4778 87180
iv)For Beams 97.356 4778 cum 465170
v)For Plinth beam 11.529 4778 66290
vi)For footing 3.402 5749.1 19560
vii)For sunshade 0.882 6199.25 5470
5 Construction of brick masonry for walls in
C.M(1:6)using well burnt bricks 2nd class are
ground moulded (non modular or traditional
size) including curing ,cost and conveyance of
65.353 4396.85 cum 287350
all materials as directed during executionof all
materials as directed during execution and
complaying standard specification etc.,
completed.
6 Plastering in C.M 12mm thick using best river
sand from approved quarry including cost and
conveyance of all materials,screening,curing
,rounding of corners ,including charges directed
during execution complying with standard sq.
specification etc.,complete for the following m
i)For inner and outer sides of walls with
555.489 156.75 87080
C.M(1:6)
ii)For ceiling C.M(1:3) 117.8 177.45 20910
7 White washing with lime powder of any
apporved quality to give an even shade after
thoroughly brushing the surface to remove all
dirt and remains of loose powdered materials
make including mixing gum , conjee water with
necessary brushes etc., including cost and
conveyance of all materials labour charges and
incidental charges such as scaffolding , lift
charges etc., completed for finished item of
work and complying with standard
specifications.
i) Two coats of white washing inner and outer sq.
side walls ,ceilingof the building 673.289 22.75 15320
m
 ii)colour washing and fine screened shell lime
with two coats for walls and ceiling of the 673.289 31.8 21410
building
8 Providing skirting to interior walls to 15cm
height/rises of steps with polished
bethamcherla pure white marble type floor
minimum 25 mm thick (0.254mX0.254m) length
equal to flooring stones set over base coat of
C.M(1;3) 12 mm thick with cement slurry of
honey like concistency spread at the rate of
3.30 kgs/sq.m and jointed with white cement
paste mixed with pigment of matching shade to
full depth, including cost& conveyance of all
materials like tiles,cement,sand and water.
i)polished bathemcherla coloured stone min 25 sq.
mm thick(0.254X0.254mm) 117.8 667.35 78620
m
9 providing 6mm thick ply wood doors , windows sq.
and ventilators etc., 30.795 581.97 17930
m

10 Providing High yeild strength bars(HYSD Bars) of

different dia meters of R.C.C Work
i)High yield strength bars of below 36mm 4.93 46098.7 MT
227270
diametre(Fe 415 Steel) 5
1513080

11 Provision for electrification installation@10% 151308

12 Provision for water supply arrangement@7.5% 113481
13 Provision for petty super vision charges@3% 45393
14 Provision for architectural features@2% 30262
15 Provision for fluctuations of rates@5% 75654
16 Contractors margin@15% 226962
TOTAL COST 2156140
DRAWINGS
CONCLUSION

The designing method in this is limit state method and designed each R.C.C
element as per IS456-2000 with the materials M20 and Fe415.

The site of 13.7×14.05(45’×46’) size with total area

2
233.585m (2075sqft.).The minimum set back is 1.50m in north, 1.50m in
east, 2.0m on south and 1.5m on west side of the building. The total built up
area m2 and set back area 144.985m2. Hence in built up area 62.06% of total
area.

The designed is for the building of the structure with as proposed. The
abstract estimate is done as per recent Standard Schedule of Rates(S.S.R)of
R&B department. The flooring is white granite types with wood work in
teak to door frames and cup boards. Ceramic titles for bath rooms and
concealed wirings is taken.

The total cost of structure is arrived at Rs 21,56,140/- .

Cost per one sq.m plinth area is arrived at Rs 14872/-.

Cost per one sq.ft plinth area is arrived at Rs 1383/-.

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.Designing&Detailing of R.C.C -M.R. Dherendra Babu

2.R.C.C Structures -M.R. Dherendra Babu

3.Concrete Technology -M.R. Dherendra Babu

4.Structural Engineering drawing -M.R. Dherendra Babu

5.Quantity Surveying -Y.Rama Mohan Rao