Welcome!

Geosynthetic Reinforced Piled Embankments

Dr. Suzanne van Eekelen, Deltares, Netherlands

Ir. Arjan Venmans, Deltares, Netherlands
Ir. EG Balakrishnan, GCU Consultants Sdn Bhd
Ir. Chris Lawson, Ten Cate

Teachers

Chris Lawson Suzanne van Eekelen EG Balakrishnan Arjan Venmans

TenCate Deltares GCU Consultants Deltares
c.lawson@ suzanne.vaneekelen@ Sdn Bhd arjan.venmans@
tencategeo.com deltares.nl bala@ deltares.nl
gcu.com.my

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Dr. Suzanne van Eekelen
Expert piled embankments
Ground improvement using geosynthetics
Road and railway construction
Laboratory experiments and field monitoring
Ir. Arjan Venmans
Design and construction of roads and railways
Climate change adaptation
Decision support systems
Risk management

Ir. Chris Lawson

The Technical Director of Ten Cate
> 35 years geosynthetics in Australia, Europe, North America
and Asia.
Co-developed Standards and Codes of Practice, eg BS8006.
> 50 papers, many keynote lectures, 3rd Giroud Lecture
Ir. EG Balakrishnan
Director of GCU Consultants Sdn Bhd
> 33 years experience in design and construction of
geotechnical and civil works
Involved in number of mega projects in Malaysia foundation,
ground improvement, retention system, slope stabilization, etc
Committee member of GETD, IEM.
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 Deltares is an
independent
research institute
on water, soil and
subsurface issues.

Areas of expertise of Deltares

Flood risk
Forecasting, flood risk management, flood prevention

Sustainable planning
Integrate technical knowledge to solve problems in complex systems

Infrastructure
Reducing costs and risks when building in coastal areas, soft soils and
at sea

Water and subsoil resources

Insight in future availability of groundwater and dealing with subsidence

Environment
Develop sustainable natural solutions for the protection of the ecosystem

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Deltares is working world wide

Offices in: Representation in:

UAE Australia
Singapore Ecuador
Indonesia Vietnam
Azerbaijan

Affiliation with Deltares USA

And collaboration with local strategic partners

Workforce: 840
Number of nationalities: 28
Annual turnover: 113 million euros 7

Geosynthetic Reinforced Piled Embankment?

GR = geosynthetic reinforcement

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 European design guidelines
1. British BS8006 (1995, updates 2010/2016)
2. Dutch Design Guideline (CUR 2010, updated 2016)
3. German EBGEO (2004, updated 2010)
4. Nordic Guideline for reinforced soils and fills, (updated 2004)
5. French ASIRI (2012)
6. Finish Geolujitetut maarakenteet (2012)
1 2 3 4 5 6

Geosynthetic Reinforced Piled Embankments

DAY 1. REINFORCED DAY 2. GEOSYNTHETICS, PILES,
EMBANKMENT COSTS, APPLICATIONS
1. Introduction 8. Geosynthetics
2. New developments, basic principles 9. Pile systems

10:30 Tea break 10:30 Tea break

3. Requirements, initial details 10. Numerical modelling
4. Fill materials 11. Cost Benefit Analysis

12:30 Lunch 12:30 Lunch

5. Design of Geosynthetic Reinforcement 12. Extreme weather events

6. Cases; realization; details 13. Upgrading railways

15:00 Tea break 15:15 Tea break

7. Playing and get a feeling 14. Local Practice
7a. Discussion and evaluation 15. Hydraulic applications
16. Discussion and closure
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 11

1935

Krimpenerwaard polder
Road N210

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 Krimpenerwaard

13

Stolwijk

N210
Bergambacht

N210

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23 December 1935: How to construct a road in the
Krimpenerwaard?

On the basis of 6 Keverling Buisman thinks:

with a fascine mattress

Keverling Buisman

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fascine mattress:
80 cm of reed

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 Keverling Buisman 1890-1944

Keverling Buisman wrote:

to

Timber piles

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 Sand

Concrete

Timber piles (upside down to get sufficient bearing capacity)

Geosynthetics

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 Geosynthetics

1972 Sweden: Göta älv Valley

1982 Scotland, UK
1988/1989 Second Severn Crossing in England, UK
2002 Netherlands: Bus Lane at Monnickendam
2016 50 Dutch piled embankments
Many piled embankments world wide

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How to construct a Basal Reinforced Piled Embankment?

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Houten project Widening railway
Movares, de Bataafse Alliantie, (ProRail, Mobilis, CFE en KWS Infra),
Voorbij Funderingstechniek, Huesker, CRUX Engineering and Deltares

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N210 Krimpenerwaard
Ballast Nedam, Huesker,
Fugro, Movares

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across along

Houten railway 25

A2 Beesd
Heijmans,
RWS O-NL,
Voorbij
Funderingstechniek,
CRUX-Engineering,
Huesker

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 Highway exit Woerden
Movares, KWS, Huesker, Deltares

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Crushed construction and demolition recycled material

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 N210 Krimpenerwaard

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Reconstruction Berlin-
Rostock
(Nassenheide-Löwenberg)

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 31
Photo of Cofra
Double railway track
Bidor Rawang 2002

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Why a piled embankment?

When a traditional solution

gives damage due to lateral pressures
takes too much time
gives too large settlements (high maintenance costs)

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Top view

abutment
limited time

Cross section

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 Example: A2 widening Beesd 2008-2010

Why? Quick - small horizontal influences - costs

road +
rail road

Heijmans, RWS O-NL,

Voorbij Funderingstechniek,
CRUX-Engineering,
Huesker

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Example: A2 widening Beesd 2008-2010

Why? Quick - small horizontal influences - costs

road +
rail road

Heijmans, RWS O-NL,

Voorbij Funderingstechniek,
CRUX-Engineering,
Huesker

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 Krimpenerwaard N210 2007 - 2010

Prefab concrete piles, ctc ca. 2.35 m

Huesker grid
14 km (!)

Why?
Influence on existing road
Maintenance for 20 years

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Reeuwijk bypass road

Precast piles,
TenCate Geolon PET,
Why? Life Cycle Costs, risks

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 Kyoto Road Gorinchem 2007

Timber piles, ctc 1.20 m - Pile caps Ø 0.6 m - Huesker Fortrac

Why? Severe requirements settlements

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Antwerpen Belgium Oil

Source: Emotrade
Why? Avoid large differential settlements beneath 1 tank
due to variable soil conditions and time constraints

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 Book

Chapter in book Today Tomorrow

1 Introduction Done

Requirements, initial details

2 Morning Morning
reinforced embankments
Requirements, initial details
3 Morning
piles and pile caps
4 Design of the geosynthetic reinforcement (GR) Afternoon
5 Calculation examples design GR Afternoon
6 Numerical modelling Morning
Transition zones, details,
7,8,9 All day All day
management and maintenance 41

Geosynthetic Reinforced Piled Embankments

DAY 1. REINFORCED DAY 2. GEOSYNTHETICS, PILES,
EMBANKMENT COSTS, APPLICATIONS
1. Introduction 8. Geosynthetics
2. New developments, basic principles 9. Pile systems
10:30 Tea break
3. Requirements, initial details 10. Numerical modelling
4. Fill materials 11. Cost Benefit Analysis

12:30 Lunch

5. Design of Geosynthetic Reinforcement 12. Extreme weather events

6. Cases; realization; details 13. Upgrading railways

15:15 Tea break

7. Playing and get a feeling 14. Local Practice
7a. Discussion and evaluation 15. Hydraulic applications
16. Discussion and closure
42