PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

The study of the changes of normal mechanical, physiological, and biochemical functions,
either caused by a disease, or resulting from an abnormal syndrome.

Non – modifiable factors: Modifiable factors:

- Age - Nutrition

- Heredity - Stress

- Environment - Bowel Habits

- Previous colon disease

Excess fat converts normal flora of the intestines

overtime

Stress stimulates parasympathetic function:

Secretion of enzyme proteinase Fecal matter retention due to infrequent defacation

Irritating intestinal lining Inflammation

Excess fat converts normal flora of the intestines

Polymorphic leukocytes causes abcessing overtime

Widens inflammation and necrosis Ulcerating lesion

Repeating process overtime causes dysplasia then genetic mutation Signs/Symptoms:

of cellular DNA (CANCER)
- Growth of tumor in the colon

- Constipation

- Pain
Repeating process overtime causes dysplasia then genetic
mutation of cellular DNA

Cancer cells lodge onto lesions, invade then hide on blood

components to avoid immune detection

Cancer cells destroys surrounding tissues; gains access to

lymphatic vessels

Metastasis to liver

Signs/Symptoms:

- Elevated ALT and AST

- Yellow skin
 Repeating process overtime causes dysplasia then genetic
mutation of cellular DNA

Immune system fails to recognize foreign bodies

Infectious agent enters the nasopharynx, to the trachea, down

to the bronchi and lungs

Inflammatory response will trigger

Produces secretions and mucous edema

Bronchospasm
Decreased alveolar oxygen tension

Signs/Symptoms:

- Thick clear sputum

- Cough
- Difficulty of breathing

Altered ventilation Arterial hypoxemia