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Original Article
INTRODUCTION
Medicinal plants and herbs are of been studied for their application. However,
great importance to the health of individual in the recent past, an increasing research
and communities. Despite the existence of evidence is getting accumulated, which
herbal medicines over many centuries, only clearly indicate the positive role of
relatively small number of plant species has traditional medicinal plants in the prevention
or control of some metabolic disorders like chow (Pfizer feeds Plc., Nigeria) and water
diabetes, heart diseases, hyperlipidemia and throughout the experimental period (21days).
certain types of cancers (Zhang, 1976). One Experiments were performed in
of the great advantages of these medicinal accordance with the principles of Laboratory
plants is that they are easily available and Animal Care.
have moderate side effects (Mehta, 1982).
The erythrocyte cell membrane Preparations of streptozotocin (STZ)
comprises a typical lipid bilayer, similar to The range of diabetogenic dose of
what can be found in virtually all human STZ is quite narrow and a light overdose may
cells. This lipids bilayer is composed of cause the death of many animals (Lenzen et
cholesterol phospholipids in equal al, 1996).
proportion by weight. The lipid composition 5g of STZ was dissolved in 100ml of
is important as it defines many physical distilled water to give a 5% stock solution of
properties such as membrane permeability which a single dose of 70mg/kg body weight
and fluidity. Additionally, the activity of was injected intraperitoneally on the rats.
many membrane proteins is regulated by
interaction with lipids in the bilayer (Wan et Preparation of plant extract
al, 2008). The work is aimed at determining
the effect of Bermuda (Cynodondactylon) Aqueous extract
grass on blood lipid profile of diabetic rats. Fresh Bermuda grass (Cynodon
dactylon) was washed with distilled water to
MATERIALS AND METHODS remove debris and contaminants after which
they were air dried. The grass was
Plant collection homogenized into fine powder and the
The plant material was collected from aqueous extract was prepared by weighing out
Igboigbo-Unale in Ibaji Local Government 200g of pulverized grass into 1.5 litres of
Area, eastern part of Kogi State, Nigeria distilled water. The resultant mixture was
during dry season (November, 2009). Dirt allowed to stand for 24hours with occasional
was removed from the plant parts by rinsing shaking after which it was filtered. The filtrate
in clean water. The leaves were air – dried for was evaporated and dried to paste with the aid
3 weeks and pulverized using motorized of a thermostatic water bath at a temperature
blender into a fine powder of 60 mesh sieve of 50OC.
size. The fruit pulp, seed and pericarp were An aliquot of the extract was prepared
dried in oven at 40°C. The dried samples by dissolving 7g, 5g and 3g in 50ml of
were then used for the various analyses. distilled water respectively to form three (3)
concentrations and stored at 4OC, which
Experimental animals served as stock crude drug.
Wistar albino rats aged (10-20weeks)
derived from a colony maintained at the Ethanol extract
animal house of the department of Fresh Bermuda grass (Cynodon
biochemistry, Choba Park, University of Port dactylon) was washed with distilled water to
Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria are used for remove debris and contaminants, after which
the experiment. The rats weighing between they were dried. The dried grass was
100-200g were housed at a temperature of (25 homogenized into fine powder. 200g of
± 2OC) and were divided into ten (10) groups powdered grass was soaked in one (1) liter of
of 9 animals each. The animals were fed ad- absolute ethanol and the resultant mixture was
libitum with standard commercial laboratory
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Edeh I.E. et al__________________________________________________ ISSN 2321-547X
AJADD[2][4][2014]477-483
Edeh I.E. et al__________________________________________________ ISSN 2321-547X
AJADD[2][4][2014]477-483
Edeh I.E. et al__________________________________________________ ISSN 2321-547X
AJADD[2][4][2014]477-483
Edeh I.E. et al__________________________________________________ ISSN 2321-547X
streptozotocin. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 8. Mehta, K.C. (1982). Indian herbal drugs
159:83-90. in the treatment of diabetics. Current
7. Jarald, E.E., S.B. Joshi and D.C. Jain, medical practice, 26: 305 – 308.
2008. Antidiabetic activity of aqueous 9. Zhang, X. (1976). Traditional medicine
extract and non polysaccharide fraction and WHO, World health, the magazine
of Cynodon dactylon Pers. Ind. J. Exp. of World Health Organization 49th year
Bio., 46: 660-667. No.2.4–5.
Table 1. Triglycerides Values (mmol/l) of Normal and Diabetic Controls/Diabetic test rats
treated with standard drugs as well as aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Bermuda grass
GROUPS WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3
NCR 0.75 ± 0.07a 1.35 ± 0.21a 1.2 ± 0.28a
DCR 0.7 ± 0.41a 1.55 ± 0.35b 1.2 ± 0.00a
DTR on Daonil 0.5 ± 0.00a 1.55 ± 0.07b 1.4 ± 0.28b
DTR on Glucophage 0.8 ± 0.42c 1.1 ± 0.14b 1.5 ± 0.42d
DTR on 300mg Aq. Extract 0.55 ± 0.71a 1.0 ± 0.14a 1.6 ± 1.6b
DTR on 500mg Aq. Extract 0.7 ± 0.14c 1.1 ± 0.00b 1.4 ± 0.14d
DTR on 700mg Aq. Extract 0.55 ± 0.35a 1.3 ± 0.35b 1.0 ± 0.00b
DTR on 300mg Et. Extract 1.05 ± 0.5a 1.6 ± 0.28b 1.45 ± 0.14b
DTR on 500mg Et. Extract 1.0± 0.28c 1.3 ± 0.35b 1.55 ± 0.35d
DTR on 700mg Et. Extract 0.95 ± 0.21e 0.95 ± 0.07w 1.35 ± 0.5c
DTR on 500mg Et. Extract 2.6 ± 0.00b 1.8 ± 0.35a 2.3 ± 0.71a
DTR on 700mg Et. Extract 2.55 ± 0.64b 2.25 ± 0.35a 2.9 ± 0.71b
Results are mean ± S.D of triplicate determination.
Values in the same column with different superscript letter are statistically significant at 95%
confident level (p≤0.05).
Table 3. High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) assay values (mmol/L) for different groups
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Table 4. Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) assay values (mmol/L) for different groups
GROUPS WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3
NCR 3.35 ± 0.71e 0.90 ± 0.14a 1.50 ± 0.57a
DCR 0.55 ± 0.35a 0.7 ± 0.57b 0.6 ± 0.57a
DTR on Daonil 0.35 ± 0.07b 0.5 ± 0.42c 0.25 ± 0.71a
DTR on Glucophage 0.45 ± 0.071ab 0.45 ± 0.21a 0.4 ± 0.28a
DTR on 300mg Aq. Extract 0.45 ± 0.07a 0.55 ± 0.35b 0.75 ± 0.35c
DTR on 500mg Aq. Extract 0.30 ± 0.0a 0.65 ± 0.49c 0.45 ± 0.35b
DTR on 700mg Aq. Extract 0.65 ± 0.49c 0.95 ± 0.64f 0.3 ± 0.14a
DTR on 300mg Et. Extract 0.4 ± 1.77d 2.95 ± 1.77c 0.65 ± 0.64a
DTR on 500mg Et. Extract 1.5 ± 0.42a 1.2 ± 0.141a 1.25 ± 0.92a
DTR on 700mg Et. Extract 1.0 ± 0.57a 1.0 ± 0.42a 1.5 ± 1.13a
AJADD[2][4][2014]477-483