COR009 FINAL EXAM REVIEWER
slow motion of Earth's axis that
Astronomy
 According to The Big Bang, the
universe is expanding.
 One of the discoveries that led to the
modern view of the solar system was
that the orbits of the planets are
ellipses and was discovered by
Johannes Kepler
 Johannes Kepler proposed the three
laws of planetary motion:
o 1. The planets move in
elliptical orbits. The paths of
the planets are ellipses with
the Sun at one focus.
o 2. An imaginary line from the
planet to the Sun sweeps
equal areas in equal time
intervals whether the planet is
close to or far from the Sun.
Planets move fastest when
they are closest to the Sun
o 3. The ratio of the squares of
the periods (T) of the planets
are proportional to the cubes
of their mean distances (R)
from the Sun.
 Nicolaus Coppernicus was the first
modern astronomer to propose a
Sun-centered universe, known as the
Heliocentric model, the earth and
other planets revolve around the sun.
 According to the Ptolemaic model
(Geocentric model), the earth was
the center of the universe.
 Galileo Galilei was the first scientist
to use the telescope in astronomy.
 Precession – A wobbling and very
requires 26,000 years to complete.
 1 rotation = 1 day or 24 hrs. The
apparent rising and setting of the
Sun, as viewed from earth in a
direction from east to west.
 1 revolution = 1 yr or 365.24 days
Chemistry/Biochemistry
 What is the difference between
compound and element? Give
examples of each.
 What is the main difference
between saturated and
unsaturated fatty acids?
 What is the difference between
pure substances and mixture?
 What is the difference between
chemical and physical change?
 The function of proteins can
include:
o helping to destroy foreign
substances
o speeding up biochemical
reactions.
o helping cells keep their
shape
 Law of Conservation of mass
o the mass of the reactant
should be equal with the
mass of the product.
 Types of Intermolecular forces:
o London Dispersion –
attractive force between
gases. Weakest.
o Dipole-dipole – forces
that act between polar
molecules.
 o Hydrogen bonding – H
molecules bond with
N,FO
o Ion-dipole – ions
(cation/anion) bonded
with polar molecules
 Characteristics of DNA include
the following:
o DNA is made of
nucleotides consisting of
a sugar, a phosphate
group, and a carbon base.
o DNA is made of a single
polynucleotide chain,
which winds into a
double helix.
o DNA is how inherited
characteristics are passed
from one generation to
the next.
 Organic compounds are carbon
containing compounds, which
has polar covalent bonds.
 Cellulose – a type of
carbohydrate which makes up the
plant cell walls.
 Give examples of polymers
 The factors to be considered to
increase the rate of chemical
reaction are: (a) increase in
reactant concentration, (b)
increase in temperature, (c)
increase in the surface area of
solid reactants, and (d) properly
oriented molecules at collision.
Addition of catalyst in the
reaction helps facilitate the
increase of reaction rate.
 Cite the contributions of J.J.
Thomson, Ernest Rutherford,
Henry Moseley, and Niels Bohr
to the understanding of the
structure of the atom
 To balance an equation, you need
to adjust coefficients.
o Try to balance the
following equation:
__ Mg (s) + __ O2 (g) → MgO (s)
CaO + ___ HCl  CaCl2 + H2O
 How to calculate molar
mass?
o Add atomic weight of
each element in a
compound.
o Multiply with the
available subscripts
with the atomic
weight.
o Try these:
NaCl, CaCl2, H2O
 Practice Mole-mole
problem
 Example:
Calculate the number of
moles of aluminum atoms
that will react with 2.46 mol
copper(II)chloride according
to the equation:
2 Al(s) + 3 CuCl2(aq) -> 2 AlCl3(aq) + 3
Cu(s)
Physics
 Distance – total length of path
travelled from point A,B,C
o Scalar (magnitude only)
o Example: 300 km
 Displacement – change in position of
a body relative to some reference
point.
 o Vector (both magnitude and
direction)
o Example: 5 m Northeast
 Speed- rate of motion
o Scalar
o Average speed – total
distance of an object travelled
divided by the time it takes to
travel that distance
 The speedometer of a car gives you a
reading of the car’s instantaneous
speed
 Velocity – refers to the speed of an
object in a particular direction.
o Vector
 Acceleration – refers to the change in
velocity of a moving object per unit
of time. The change in velocity can
be achieved in three ways:
A. by increasing its speed while
travelling in straight line.
B. by decreasing its speed while
travelling in a straight line; and
C. by changing its direction even
while travelling at a constant speed.
𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚
 Acceleration = 𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒑𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
𝑽𝒇 −𝒗𝒊
 a= 𝒕
 Deceleration – negative acceleration.
 When an object is moving with a
uniform velocity, its acceleration is
zero.
 Try to solve the following
problems:
o A car travels 50.0 km in 45
min. What is its speed?
o A body moving along a
straight line at 20 m/s
decelerates at a rate of 4 m/s2.
After 2 seconds its speed will
be equal to what?
o You are moving 20m/s and
decelerate at a rate of 3 m/s^2
for a time of 2 seconds. What
is your final velocity?
o You are moving at a speed of
4 m/s and accelerate at a rate
of 2 m/s^2 for 5 seconds.
What is your final velocity?
o You increase your speed by
20m/s in a time of 4 seconds.
What was your rate of
acceleration?
o Examine the graph below.
What is the acceleration at t =
3.0 s?
 Study the graph and try to
answer the following
questions

o What is the average speed of

the cyclist?
o What is the average speed of
the roller coaster?
o During which interval is the
roller coaster's speeds the
greatest?
o How might you explain the
interval between the 2nd and
3rd on the roller coaster
graph?