Professional Documents
Culture Documents
JULY - AUGUST
2010
Industrial Training Report
SUBMITTED BY:
NITIN YADAV
EEE (FINAL YR.)
ROLL NO. 0615321031
Page |2
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
REPORT
ON
‘ NTPC DADRI’
GAS POWER PLANT
CONTENTS
S.NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE
NO.
(1) OVERVIEW OF NTPC 3
after the other. The only PSU to have achieved excellent rating in
respect of MOU targets signed with Govt. of India each year.
NTPC is poised to become a 40,000 MW gint corporation by the
end of XI plan i.e. 2012 AD. Lighting up one fourth of the nation,
NTPC has an installed capacity of 19,291 MW from its
commitment to provide quality power; all the operating stations of
NTPC located in the National Capital Region & western have
acquired ISO 9002 certification. The service groups like
Engineering, Contracts, materials and operation Services have
also bagged the ISO 9001 certification. NTPC Dadri,
Ramagundam, Vindhyachal and Korba station have also bagged
ISO 14001 certification.
NTPC dadri is model project of NTPC . also it tit the best project
of NTPC also known as NCPS ( National capital power station ).
Situated 60 kms away from Delhi in the District of gautam budh
Nagar, Uttar Pradesh. The station has an installed capacity of
1669 MW of power – 840 MW from Coal based units and 829
MW Gas Based Station . the station is excelling in performance
ever since it’s commercial operation . consistently in receipts of
meritorious projectivity awards, the coal based units of the station
stood first in the country in terms of PLF for the financial year
1999 – 2000 by generating an all time national high PLF of 96.12
% with the most modern O & M Practices. NTPC – Dadri is
committed to generated clean and green Power. The Station also
houses the first HVDC station of the country (GEP project) in
association with centre for power efficiency and Environment
protection (CENEEP) – NTPC & USAUID. The station has
bagged ISO 14001 & ISO 9002 certification during the financial
year 1999 – 2000, certified by Agency of International repute M/s
DNV Netherlands M/s DNV Germany respectively
Page |9
Introduction
Combined Cycle
Brayton Cycle
th = Energy at GT shaft
Chemical Energy of fuel
= 1 — Q Output/ Q Input
Fig.1
Rankine Cycle
Fig.2
P a g e | 15
We have seen in the above two cycles that gas turbine exhaust is
at a
temperature of 500–550 0C and in Rankine Cycle heat is
required to generate steam at the temperature of 500-550 0C. so,
why not use the gas-turbine exhaust to generate steam in the
Rankine cycle and save the fuel required to heat the water ?
Combined Cycle does just the same.
The conventional fossil fuel fired boiler of the steam power plant
is replaced with a ‘Heat Recovery Steam Generator’ (HRSG).
P a g e | 16
Exhaust gas from the gas turbine is led to the HRSG where heat
of exhaust gas is utilised to produce steam at desired parameters
as required by the steam turbine.
Fuels
Dual fuel systems are commonly used, enabling the gas turbine
to burn back-up fuels when the primary fuel source is not
available. Dual fuel systems can also be designed to fire both
fuels simultaneously.
next 1 month. This is much lower than the gestation period for
conventional thermal power plants, which is around 48-60
months.
• Auxiliary Gear
P a g e | 21
• Couplings
3. Fuel System
fuel oil within the plant and typically composed of the following
major components:
Mode of firing
It is provided to fire natural gas or naphtha or in mixed mode of
the fuel in the GT Combustion Chamber.
• Filters
• Pressure-control station
• Distribution piping
carried with the gas stream are separated in the first stage . The
first stage elements consist of hollow tubes of glass fibers
through which gas flows radially from outside. The separation
of carried solids and liquid particles is by interception, diffusion
and/or inertial impaction of the droplets on the fibers. The liquid
droplets coalesced on the surface drain on to the shell and from
there to the drain pot. The second stage mist separator is
preferably of the vans type in which liquid separation takes place
by subjecting the gas path to multiple changes of direction.
The gas analysis is carefully checked from the stand point these
point of hydrate formation or icing at the pressure reducing
station under the worst ambient temperatures prevalent at each
site. If there is any tendency for the above, a suitably, rated gas
fired indirect heater is provided ahead of the pressure reducing
station. The gas heater ensures a gas temperature sufficiently
high such that the after pressure reduction the gas temperature is
at least 20” C higher than hydrate forming temperature or the gas
dew point whichever is higher. The heater normally utilises
natural gas for firing. Heat from the fire tube
be utilised to heat a water bath in which the U tubes for carrying
the gases to be heated are immersed. The control system ensures
constant temperature of the outlet gas for gas flows ranging from
zero to full gas flow. A full capacity bypass is provided so as to
enable operation of the fuel gas system is designed to deliver gas
fuel to the gas turbine combustion chamber(s) at the proper
pressure and flow rates to meet all the starting, acceleration and
loading requirements of
gas turbine operation.
P a g e | 27
Start up Mode
• Loading of S/T
S/T loading rate after HP/LP by-pass are fully closed and
HP/LPCV are fully opened is determined by the load
change rate of G/T, namely S/T load change rate
increases as G/T load change rate increase. (Except for
G/T/WHRB additionally start up mode). S/T unloading
rate too is determined by G/T load change rate under
HP/LP by-pass valves are fully closed and HP/LPCV are
fully opened.
Power Generation:
Air Inlet
P a g e | 33
Turbine-Generators:
Steam Turbine
Emissions Control
Aqueous Ammonia
In addition to the SCR, Aqueous Ammonia (a
mixture of 22% ammonia and 78% water) is
injected into system to even further reduce levels
of NOx.
Transformers
Switchyard
From each transformer, the power passes
underground into our switchyard. The power
from all of the generators comes together there,
where it is measured, metered and directed onto
the grid.
The proximity of the site to a large, existing
PG&E substation makes it a good place to build
a power plant and the nearest transmission tower
is only about 200 feet away.
Condenser and Cooling Tower
The purpose of the condenser is to turn low
energy steam back into pure water for use in the
Water Tanks
The largest tank is the Service Water tank. It
contains 470,000 gallons of water to be used for
drinking, fire fighting and for the high purity
water train. The water from the service water
tank is pumped to the water treatment building
where it then passes through a reverse osmosis
unit, a membrane decarbonater, and mixed resin
bed demineralizers to produce up to 400 gallons
per minute of ultra pure water.
The pure water is then stored in the smaller
365,000-gallon tank until it is turned into steam
for making electricity.
P a g e | 45
Natural Gas
Control Room
From the control room, the plant operators
monitor and operate the facility, via the plant’s
“Distributed Control System”, with the click of a
mouse, viewing graphic representations of all
MEC systems on various screens.
P a g e | 47
7.AUTOMATION AND
CONTROL SYSTEM
PROCESS STRUCTURE
Drive Level
Function Group Level
Unit Level.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Modulating controls
Speed
Temperature
Current
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Voltage
Pressure
Eccentricity
Flow of Gases
Vaccum Pressure
Valves
Level
Vibration
PRESSURE MONITORING
Switches
Gauges
Transmitter type
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INPUT 4-20 mA
ANALOG INPUT MICRO
MODULE PROCESSOR
ALARM
P a g e | 63
Pressure
HL switch ElectricityAN
Start D Level
low Pressure in line Level High
LL switch
High level
pump OR
Electricity
Stop
Pressure
Electricity
TEMPERATURE MONITORING
Temperature Range
Accuracy Required
FLOW MEASUREMENT
Flow measurement does not signify much and is
measured just for metering purposes and for
monitoring the processes
ROTAMETERS:
Flowmeters
Venurimeters / Orifice meters
Turbines
Massflow meters ( oil level )
Ultrasonic Flow meters
Magnetic Flowmeter ( water level )
Selection of flow meter depends upon the purpose ,
accuracy and liquid to be measured so different
types of meters used.
Turbine type are the simplest of all.
P a g e | 69
VENTURIMETERS :
CONTROL VALVES