Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By
Dr. Ashraf Kamal Hussein
Professor of Geotechnical Engineering and Foundations
Faculty of Engineering - Cairo University
2012
1. Introduction
Retaining wall:
- a structure which retains from failure a soil mass or other materials (grains,
liquids, etc.).
- located between two different ground levels; upper level and lower level.
- constructed in various fields of engineering such as highways, bridges,
canals, hydraulic structures, etc.
- constructed in situ.
Backfill:
- the material behind R.W. at the upper elevation.
- exerting lateral earth pressure on the wall.
Gravity Wall
Cantilever Wall
Counterfort Wall
Steps of Design:
- uplift (U). Ea
Wc
- passive earth pressure (Ep)!!! Ew1
Ep Ew2
Resisting Forces
FS =
Sliding Forces
O
Resisting Moments (M r )
FS =
Overturning Moments (M OT )
U
● compressive stresses 2 2
● tensile stresses 3 3
● shear stresses
-H<7m
0.2 to 0.3 m
Materials:
- Reinforced concrete
H
Stability: B/3
D D = H/12 to H/10
- from weight of soil above base.
B = 0.4 to 0.7H
Dimensions:
- tentatively !!
- uplift (U). O
key
Design of Stem Ea
Design of Heel
M1
Design of Toe Ws + Wc Ws + Wc
M2
M3
σ3
σmax σmin
σ2
Rains Rains
H
E 2/3H
w
filter material
● D15(filter)/D85(soil) < 5
● D15(filter)/D15(soil) > 5
- Contraction Joints:
- Expansion Joints:
● spacing of 25 to 35 m.