Department of Agriculture

AGRICULTURAL TRAINING INSTITUTE

Seminar
on

URBAN AGRICULTURE
MAKING YOUR OWN
CONCOCTIONS

February 23, 2018

 Introduction
• The insurmountable rising cost of inorganic fertilizers is
inevitably incontrollable in the coming production
years. Looking into this perspective the farmers has to
look for an alternative measure to sustain his farming
business profitability.

• This training discusses steps on the preparation, the

materials needed, the applications and benefits of the
different bio-organic inputs. It is hope that this training
will provide the needed know how on bio-organic
inputs that would eventually help farmers improve
their farming.
 The Bio-Organic Inputs
 Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ)
 Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ)
 Fermented Amino Acid (FAA)
 Oriented Herbal Nutrients (OHN)
 Natural Insect Attractant (NIA)
Bio Pesticide (Hot Pepper)
 FISH AMINO ACID (FAA)
FISH AMINO ACID In “Natural Farming” natural materials
are used instead of chemical inputs. One of the important tools
used in Natural farming is Fish Amino Acid or FAA. These kind of
bio fertilizers are easily made and prepared and help to reduce
expenses of farmers.
The Fish Amino Acid (FAA) is a liquid made from fish. FAA
is of great value to both plants and microorganisms in their
growth, because it contains various types of amino acids and
abundant amount of nutrients. Studies have proved that Amino
Acids can directly or indirectly influence the physiological
activities of the plant. Amino Acids are also supplied to plant by
incorporating them into the soil. It helps in improving the micro
flora of the soil thereby facilitating the assimilation of nutrients.
 FISH AMINO ACID (FAA)
FAA is produced by fermenting fresh fish by-
products (bones, head, skin, and other tankage parts)
with brown sugar. Fresh fish scraps is collected and
composted in a bucket added with molasses to the
mixture to help build up microbes, and speed up
decomposition. The brown matter molasses controls the
odor and absorbs organic nitrogen from the fish. The
bucket of fish is then made to rot for at least one week.
The liquid is used to breed beneficial microbes and supply
extra proteins to the emulsion.
It provides an NPK ratio of 4-1-1 and is most often
used as foliar feed to provide a quick nitrogen boost.
 MATERIALS NEEDED IN MAKING
FISH AMINO ACID
• 1 kilo of Fish trash (head, bone,
intestines, scales, gills, etc)
• 1 kilo of molasses
• Jar or Container
• Paper and String/Rubber Band
• Bottle for storage
 STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE
1. Collect a kilo of Fish Trash. And cut into pieces.
2. Place the Fish Trash inside the Jar.
3. Put in a kilo of molasses in the Jar and mix.
4. Cover the Jar with paper and tie it with the string.
5. Place the jar in a cool dry place. Away from sunlight
and rain. Leave it there for 20 days.
6. After 20 days, separate the liquid
7. Rom the solids. The liquid has the Fish Amino Acids
(FAA).
8. Transfer liquid into clean plastic bottles.
USES AND RATES OF APPLICATION
OF FISH AMINO ACID

PROPER USAGE : 1-2 tsp per Liter of water

• Plants – Aside from organic nitrogen sources,
they also supply phosphorus, potassium, amino
acids, proteins and trace elements or micro-
nutrients that are really needed to provide deep
nutrition to your soil community and plants. One
of the benefits of fish emulsion is that they
provide a slower release of nutrients into the soil
without over feeding all at once.
• What more, using fish emulsion as our foliar
spray helps us get rid of pests too. They hate the
fishy smell, no matter how miniscule.
• Soil – (1) Use as a soil drench as opposed to foliar
spray. Whenever we drench the soil with fish, we
build up the soil’s microbial activities, supplying
lots of nitrogen to the roots and topsoil. (2)
Inoculate compost to boost fungal population (3)
Mix in water when watering plants, as a natural
fish fertilizer and to enhance populations of
micro-organisms in the soil.
 BENEFITS OF USING
FISH AMINO ACIDS (FAA)

1. A good source of nitrogen

2. Serves as “growth hormone” for plant
growth and development
3. Used as foliar spray
4. Food of microorganisms
 FERMENTED PLANT JUICE (FPJ)
Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) is derived from mixing the
young shoots of the plants with molasses and/or crude sugar
and fermented in one (1) week. The shoots of plants are
difficult to dissolve in water or any kind of oil but it can be
done with a little amount of alcohol. The process of
fermenting the soft part of the plants with molasses/crude
sugar and with the presence of microorganisms will result to
a small percent of alcohol which is responsible in extracting
the juice from the young parts of the plants. FPJ is rich in
micro and macro-nutrients. The primary elements that FPJ
can provide are nitrogen and some micro-nutrients like
calcium, molybdenum, manganese, iron and carbon. The
juice also contains rich microorganisms which give strength
to plants and animals .
 NEEDED IN MAKING FERMENTED
PLANT JUICE
• The part of the plants used for this fermentation is the shoot
because it is this part that stores a high percentage of
nutrients coming from the soil and from the atmosphere.
Moreover, plants used for FPJ are those that are fast growing
such that, if you cut the shoot now, regeneration of a new
part will take effect in a few hours. We ourselves use: Kamote,
Squash, Kangkong, Alugbati, Banana, Bamboo. You may use
others with same characteristics and the ones readily
available in your area.
• You can use either crude sugar or molasses or whichever is
available and can be bought at a lower price.
• You will need basin, ceramic pot or plastic pail, net bag or
cloth bag, paper or cloth for cover, string, stone as weight,
bolo, chopping board, marking pen and glass jars.
 STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE
1. Shake off dirt from the Plants but do not wash in water.
Washing will remove useful microorganisms. If the ingredients
are too big, cut them to adequate sizes, about 3 to 5 cm. This
increases contact surface area and promotes osmotic pressure.
2. Measure the weight of the ingredient and the weight of brown
sugar. Brown sugar should be between half of the weight of the
ingredient.
3. Put the ingredients and brown sugar in a large wide container
and mix. Cover with porous paper and leave for 1 to 2 hours.
4. Put the mixture into the jar. It should fill up ¾ of the jar. It is
important that the jar is not too full or under full. The empty
space is not empty. It is filled with air, for optimum fermentation
to occur.
5. Put on the cover and tie the jar. A cover is needed to
prevent insects from getting into the mixture. Paper is
ideal because it lets the air in and out.
6. Remove the weight after 1 or 2 days. After the air has
escaped, put back the cover again.
7. Put the jar in a cool and shaded place. Do not open,
move or stir the ingredients during the process of
fermentation.
8. After 15 days, strain the contents of the pail and
transfer liquid to a clean container. You now have
Fermented Plant Juice which is a very good fertilizer.
 USES AND RATES OF APPLICATION
OF FERMENTED PLANT JUICE
• As seed treatment before sowing – soak the seeds in 0.2 %
solution for 4 to 5 hours to facilitate germination and as a start-up
solution to germinating seeds.
• As a natural growth enhancer– Fermented Plant Juice made from
actively growing plant parts and fast growing plants may contain
natural growth hormones and mineralized nitrogen that promotes
plant growth. Mix 1 teaspoon of Fermented Plant Juice per liter of
water and spray on the leaves or apply directly to the soil around
the plants from seedling stage up to pre-flowering stage. You can
apply weekly or depending on plant vigor. Please note that with
the use of Fermented Plant Juice, there is no overdose; you may
use it liberally. However, the soil must be watered first before
applying Fermented Plant Juice to avoid scorching of the roots.
• Apply Fermented Plant Juice to the soil to serve
as source of energy to accelerate activities of soil
microorganism. This activity will make the
nutrients available to the plants.
• Give Fermented Plant Juice, as drink, to livestock
at 1 tbsp/liter to increase microbial activities in
gastrointestinal tracts. This would result to better
absorption of nutrients.
• Spray to animal beddings to hasten manure
decomposition.
 BENEFITS OF USING FERMENTED
PLANT JUICE (FPJ)
• Supply nutrients to the plants that helps
maintain vigor and resistance against pest.

• It promotes beneficial microbial activities in

the soil.

• It also helps to improve soil quality and

fertility.
 FERMENTED FRUIT JUICE (FFJ)
Fermented Fruit Juice, also known as FFJ, is a part of
the ‘Natural farming method’ developed by Dr. Han Kyu
Cho of South Korea. This concoction can be made at home
from many common overripe sweet fruits. It uses brown
(raw) sugar to extract the phytochemicals in fruits. The
fermenting process takes at least a week to complete. This
liquid have nutritional activation enzymes and help to
increase nutrients in the soil and therefore in the plants
growing in it, especially potassium levels. It is commonly
used as a foliar spray to enhance flowering and fruiting
stage. Now, it is also use in animal production as it gives
supplemental nutrients to animals.
 MATERIALS NEEDED IN MAKING
FERMENTED FRUIT JUICE
• Locally produced sweet ripe fruits like mango, banana,
papaya, strawberry and chico; ripe squash fruit and matured
carrot; and root crops particularly camote, cassava and gabi.
Citrus fruits are not recommended. You can make Fermented
Fruit Juice from single material or a combination of materials.
The extract from the combination of banana, papaya, and
squash have been proven to be effective in flower induction
and fruit setting by many organic farmers.
• You can use either crude sugar or molasses or whichever is
available or can be purchased at lower cost.
• You will also need ceramic pots or plastic pail, basin, net bag
or cloth bag, paper or cloth for cover, string, stone as weight,
bolo, chopping board, marking pen, and glass jars for storage.
 STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE
1. Prepare the Ripe Fruit Meat by peeling the skin and
removing the seed of the fruit.

2. Chop the Ripe Fruit Meat into little pieces.

3. Put chopped materials in the jar and add exact

amount/weight of crude sugar or molasses, and then mix. You
must make sure that all chopped materials are coated with
sugar or molasses so that the juice can be extracted easily.

4. Cover the jar with paper and tie it securely with the string.
5. Leave the jar in a cool and dry place for 7 days to
ferment. Away from sunlight and rain. Make sure
that the storage area is not infested with
cockroaches or mice, because they might feed on
the mixture and contaminate the extract.In7 days,
plant juice is extracted and fermented. The fruit
extract will change its color from yellow orange to
brown, and will smell sweet and alcoholic.

6. After 7 days, separate the liquid from the solids.

The liquid is the Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ).
 USES AND RATES OF APPLICATION
OF FERMENTED FRUIT JUICE
• As flower inducer and fruit setter – Fermented Fruit Juice made
from a combination of ripe fruits of banana, papaya and squash
have been proven by many organic farmers to be effective when
sprayed on the leaves at the rate of 2 to 4 tbsp./gallon of water
at the on set of flowering up to fruit setting. These ripe fruits
contain phosphorous and potassium which are necessary during
the flowering and fruit setting stage.
• As soil microorganism activity accelerator – Fermented Fruit
Juice is applied directly to the soil at the rate of 1tsp/liter of
water. The carbohydrates and sugar content of Fermented Fruit
Juice serve as source of energy of soil microorganism, thereby,
accelerating their activity. Increased microbial activities result to
the availability of nutrients for plant’s uptake.
• As spray to animal beddings to hasten manure
decomposition –Fermented Fruit Juice
contains beneficial microorganisms that help
in the decomposition process.

• As a nutritious drink –a 20% Fermented Fruit

Juice solution makes an excellent drink for
both human and livestock.
 BENEFITS OF USING FERMENTED
FRUIT JUICE (FFJ)
• A good source of potassium which we can
speed up plant’s absorption and results to
sweeter tasting fruits.

• Helps maintain vigor and resistance against

pests.

• Adds to soil fertility and the advent of good

colonies of microorganisms.
 FERMENTED MANURE TEA
 Manure Tea is the product of
the manure of livestock being steeped in a bag
submerged in water. This tea is used for
the fertilization of crops. This is an organic alternative
to chemical fertilizers and is a more sustainable
practice of fertilization.
 FERMENTED MANURE TEA
PREPARATION
1. Gather and weigh 30 kg of partially decomposed
carabao manure.
2. Put the manure in a sack, then tightly tie the
sack.
3. Put the tightly tied sack in a drum/container. Fill
the container with 120 liters of water, then put a
cover and let it ferment for 14 days.
4. After 14 days, remove the sack in the container
and the fermented manure tea is now ready for
use.
APPLICATION OF MANURE TEA
Spray the manure tea into the soil and plant
using ordinary sprayer, at 10 days after
transplanting and repeat at weekly intervals.
 BIOPESTICIDE

Biopesticide are certain types of

pesticides derived from such natural
materials as animals, plants, bacteria,
and certain minerals.
 HOT PEPPER EXTRACT
PREPARATION
 Weigh 1 kg of hot pepper, then chop.
Put in a blender, add water at a ratio of
1:1, then blend.
Put the mixture in a fine cloth, then
squeeze.
Put the hot pepper extract in a dark
bottle. The extract is now ready to use.
 ORIENTAL HERBAL NUTRIENT
(OHN) USING YELLOW GINGER
AND HOT PEPPER
 Weigh 1 kg of yellow ginger and 250 grams hot pepper.
 Crush/chop the yellow ginger and hot pepper.
 Put the chopped yellow ginger and hot pepper into the
blender, then blend.
 Mix the nutrients and put them in a clay jar or plastic
container.
 Add one (1) kg of molasses or brown sugar.
 After 3 days, add 2.5 liter of lambanog or gin. Keep the clay jar
closed and sealed. After another 2 days, put the mixture in a
fine cloth, then squeeze. Put in a bottle and the OHN is ready
to use.