Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By:
Maria Katrina G. Flores
Hamberdick G. Dingal
To:
Dyan G. Rodriguez, CIE, Assoc. ASEAN Engr.
A. STUDY OBJECTIVE
Time is gold, especially for students. Students should
have good time management, to pass all the requirements, and The main objective of the study is to determine which is
to meet all the deadlines. Wristwatches are popular time more preferred by Industrial Engineering student of Bulacan
keeping devices that are normally won around the wrist. State University Main Campus between analog and digital
Theses watches emerged in the seventeenth century as a result watch and factors that affect in choosing their desire watches.
The study required to achieve the following objectives: brand. Designer watches are primarily analog watches and are
Determine which factor or factors have significant created to make the wearer look stylish. While there are
effect in selecting of their desire watch. designer digital watches on the market, most digital watches
Determine if the affordability is attributed to these are worn for functional purposes.
factors The purpose of the present study is to determine the most
Determine if the trend has significant effect in chosen watches of IE students
choosing of their desire watch.
Determine if the brand has significant effect in C. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
Previous study comparing digital and analog watches between the analogue and digital watches that may be a big
have demonstrated no definitive objective advantage favoring help for checking of time accurately and easily. This will
digital watches and have shown only mixed subjective provide the college with the analysis that will help the college
preference between two types. in choosing the right and appropriate factors that should be
Analog/digital watches have both an analog and a digital consider in selecting watch.
display on an analog watch resembles early sundials. Analog preferred by Industrial Engineering student Between
watches are the oldest style of watch. Digital watches can be Analogue and Digital watch”
read instantly, and some people find it easier to wear them for Definitely, the study will seek answer to the following
that reason. And lastly Watch Style Preference that Analog questions.
watches comes in a wide range of prices depending on the What kind of watch do you want?
For you, which is easier to use? who invented the mechanical clock. Likewise, nobody knows
How much your allotted money spent in buying who invented the mechanical watch about AD 1450,or even
watch? the modern wristwatch as the twentieth century turned. The
first mechanical clocks were large weight-driven machines for
E. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY public places. The key invention that enabled the gear train of
such a machine to keep regular time was the escapement. To
The study concentrates in Industrial Engineering students make portable timekeepers, such as domestic clocks or
on the College of Engineering at Bulacan State University watches worn on the body, anonymous inventors in the early
Main Campus in City of Malolos, Bulacan. fifteenth century miniaturized the gear train and substituted
The study is conducted in 24th of September year 2015. the force of an unwinding spring for that of falling weights.
Third year up to Fifth year Industrial Engineering students are The modern mechanical wristwatch was less a new invention
surveyed. One hundred eighty four (184) respondents out of than an adaptation. At the end of the nineteenth century, as
two hundred sixty (260) regular students in all year level are accessories for sports like archery and cycling, women wore
under study. Only those who have partially accomplished all small watch movements -originally designed to be worn on a
the questions are considered in the study. neck chain or lapel pin -in leather straps attached around their
wrists. The electronic wristwatch involved inventing anew the
II. Review Related Literature internal components, methods for displaying time and
manufacturing technique^.^
Historically, clocks and watches of all sorts lie at an In the late 1960s teams of engineers working
important crossroads of science, technology and society. independently in Japan, Switzerland and the United States
Changes in timekeeping technology have influenced the used newly created electronic components to completely
character of scientific observation, aided the development of reinvent the wristwatch. The products these groups developed
other machine technologies and brought significant revisions instigated a globalrevolution in the watch industry and gave
in the way people think about and behave in time. In everyone, whether they needed toit or not, access split-second
contributing to the creation of time discipline and the accuracy once available only to scientists and technicians.
abandonment of temporal cues from the natural world, the This radical change in timekeeping technology was in the
invention of the mechanical clock around AD 1300,for vanguard of a dramatic shift from a mechanical to an
example, was one of the key points in turning Western electronic world and raises important issues about
civilization towards modernity.2 Today, the ubiquity of technological change for scholars interested in late twentieth-
electronic watches that display time’s passage in hundredths century history. Examining the work of three teams of
of a second suggests that at least some people have devised engineers, this paper offers a comparative approach to
specialized new uses for such tiny fragments of precise time, understanding how local differences in culture, economy,
but the enduring importance of these new timekeepers for our business structure and access to technological knowledge
relationship to time is still largely undocumented. shaped the design of finished products and their acceptance by
users.
As significant as clocks and watches are, for most of
horological history the details do not survive about how and Scarcely thirty years ago, three small groups of engineers
why new technologies appeared. Nobody knows, for example, in Japan, had Switzerland and the United States completely
reinvented the wristwatch with all new electronic factories by machine. A comprehensive history of consumer
components? For five hundred years, the watch had been electronics has yet to be written, and the case of the electronic
mechanical, with agear train powered by an unwinding spring. watch may suggest avenues of enquiry about how established
In the early 1970s it seemed unlikely that electronic watches industries and consumers interacted as electronics entered the
would sell in large quantities. But today, when about 90 per market in the late Twentieth century.
cent of all watches made are electronic, a few craftsmen
produce a small number of high-end mechanical pieces a year. The components for the electronic watch emerged from
Electronic wristwatches come in an enormous range of styles, independent streams of research that stretched back over
some with analogue dials and others with digital displays, and nearly a century. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth
serve every whim and purpose. Battery-powered electronic centuries, scientists had identified new materials like liquid
wristwatches now give everyone, whether they need it or not, crystals, which eventually composed watch displays, and
access to the split-second accuracy once available only to discovered properties like piezoelectricity, the phenomenon
scientists and technicians. that permits a piece of quartz to vibrate regularly when
subjected to an electrical current. During the Cold War,
All watches work essentially the same way. They have a researchers in defense and aerospace technologies laid the
part that vibrates regularly (as the pendulum swings in a basis for miniaturizing electronic circuitry. In the 1960s
clock), a means for counting and displaying those vibrations enterprising manufacturers applied the new research to the
and a power source. In a mechanical watch, an unwinding first electronic consumer products -televisions, calculators,
spring drives a train of wheels and causes a balance wheel to hearing aids and watches.
swing back and forth, usually at a rate of five times a second.
Another set of gears, called the motion work, reduces the At the heart of the historical transition is the story of how
swings to rotate a pair of hands at a regular rate, the minute quartz became a timekeeping standard. Quartz vibrates
hand once in sixty minutes and the hour hand once in twelve regularly at thousands of times a second (more or less,
hours. In an electronic watch, a battery provides the power to depending on how it is cut and shaped). Electronic watches
sustain the oscillations of a quartz crystal, which vibrates count those vibrations, divide them down to minutes, seconds
thousands of times and fractions of seconds, to show time on the dial or display.
Quartz makes even the cheapest electronic watch many times
Circuits, substituting for mechanical gears, reduce these more accurate than a well-maintained mechanical watch.
vibrations to regular pulses. The pulses can either drive a
motor to rotate hands around a dial or translate into a numeric Almost as important as quartz to the electronic watch is the
display. integrated circuit. Without tiny circuits, portable quartz
timekeepers are impossible. In the quartz watch, the integrated
The history of the electronic watch is worth a closer look. circuit sustains the oscillations of the quartz crystal, divides
Its development during the 1960s was in the vanguard of a the frequency down to one pulse per second and drives the
dramatic shift from a mechanical to an electronic world. The display.
wristwatch was one of the first consumer products to make the
transition, just as at the beginning of the nineteenth century, In 1967 Hamilton began an effort to develop a quartz
clocks were among the first consumer products made in analog watch, one with conventional hands and dial like the
Swiss Beta 21 and the Seiko Astron. Ongoing technical period made much of this. But ultimately many consumers
problems with battery contacts on Hamilton’s electric watch, questioned the need for digital watches. Some worried that
on the market already for a decade, and competition from the digital displays made telling the time too easy for children,
BulovaAccutron challenged Hamilton to explore an all- that future generations would lose forever the ability to tell
electronic watch. time by the traditional clock dial. For a while the relative
merits of digital and analog time-telling preoccupied
However, Hamilton’s quartz analog project was short- educators. But by the mid- 1980s sales figures showed buyers
lived. It soon became clear to Hamilton developers that both were shifting away from watches with digital displays back to
Swiss and Japanese quartz analog watches were about to hit the conventional dial.50 Behind the dial of most new watches,
the market, well before Hamilton could have a product ready. though, hummed an electronic heart.
In need of something completely new to stay competitive,
Hamilton changed course to try to build the world’s first Based on study conducted of yougov.com, 76% of
electronic digital watch. people's primary watches (asked of those who owned at least
To produce this digital watch Hamilton joined forces with a one watch) are analog only. 16% are digital and the rest
Dallas electronics company, a spin-off from Texas having a hybrid display. The surprise here is that Hispanics
Instruments called Electro-Data, and moved John Bergey from are much more likely to have digital watches (34%) than other
its military products division to the watch division to head the races.
team that would develop a digital watch. With a degree in
engineering from Pennsylvania State University, Bergey had III Experimental Design and Mathematical Model
gone to work at Hamilton after three years in the US Air
Force. A. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
3.6 PROCEDURE
TOTAL184 100.00%
Year Level
Male Female
Tabl
e1
Raw Sample
Gend
er
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 85 46.20%
Female 99 53.80%
TOTAL184 100.00%
V. Statistical Analysis and Discussion of Results Alpha= 0.05
LCI= -8.79
The researcher investigate which is more preferred
by Industrial Engineering Student between Analogue and T-value = 2.03
Digital Wristwatch in
Bulacan State University Main Campus. Two different types P-value=0.090
Critical Region
Given:
Conclusion we're still a long way from trading our Rolexes for smart
watches.
Accept H0, Reject H1; because T-value = -2.20 is
Mechanical watches have remained popular through
outside the Critical Region.
the digital age because of their craftsmanship and superior
Accept H0, Reject H1; because µ = 0 is inside the LCI.
quality.
Accept H0, Reject H1; because P-value = 0.920 is
greater than alpha= 0.05. It takes master watchmakers months and sometimes
years to create the elaborate interior mechanisms that make
collectors' watches sospecial, such as a split-
Therefore Digital wristwatch are more preferred by IE
secondchronograph (two second hands to time different
students because it is easy to use.
events) andperpetual calendars (which are designed to display
VI. Conclusion the correct date on any given day in the future)
Researcher
REFERENCE