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Republic of the Philippines

BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY


City of Malolos, Bulacan
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

“Analogue versus Digital Wristwatch”


Which isMore Preferred by Industrial Engineering
Studentof Bulacan State University Main Campus
(College of Engineering)

A Research Study Presented to the


Industrial Engineering Faculty, College of Engineering

In Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements in the Subject


IE 352/351L Advanced Statistics

By:
Maria Katrina G. Flores
Hamberdick G. Dingal

To:
Dyan G. Rodriguez, CIE, Assoc. ASEAN Engr.

October 12, 2015


ABSTRACT The mainly purpose of the present study was to
determine what kind if watch is more preferred by Industrial
Watch is one of the most significant inventions for Engineering students if Bulacan State University (Main
mankind. It is basically a timepiece that is made to be worn on Campus). To determine if the following factors affects the
a person. Everyone needs a watch as everyone wants to be student’s choice, like watch setting, time accuracy, design,
punctual. Generally, people have a number of tasks to be watch style preference and etc. Analogue and digital are the
taken care of. To make sure they complete their tasks on time, selected Dependent variables, while the selected demographic
they need to keep track of time. Using a wristwatch is independent variables in this study are
probably the best way to keep track of time. gender, year level, and affordability, trend, quality, and design
of watch.
Over the past few decades, watches have evolved
significantly. The development in the technology has resulted From the data gathered the results shown that Digital
in the development of different types of watches. Different watches are most preferred by the Industrial Engineering
people have different requirements and this is the reason why students, 260 population and 184 students are surveyed are
different people prefer different types of watches. Some used in this study. Reasons why they choose digital over
people prefer watches with basic features whereas some analog watches is because it has many features like water
people prefer watches with advanced features. Analog resistant, stopwatches, calendars and etc.
watches and digital watches are two different types of watches
that are very popular among users. They use different Analogue watches/clocks have a mechanism to
technologies to display time. indicate time by means of mechanical structures, such as a
dial and hands (hand indication type), while digital
In analog watches, the display is not digital as a watches/clocks have a mechanism to indicate time by means
series of digits is not used to indicate the time. Instead of a of electronic structures, such as a liquid crystal and LED
series of digits to indicate the time, two or three rotating hands (number display type).
are used to indicate the time. Analog watch faces have Roman
numerals, numbers or tick marks to indicate the intervals of "Digital" ("digit" as a noun), representing a finger,
time. The rotating hands point to numbers arrayed on the implies a thing that can be counted on fingers, which indicates
circular dial of the watch so as to indicate the time. a number. On the other hand, "analogue" originally means
resemblance or similarity, which indicates a continuous
In digital watches, the display is digital as a series of quantity, as the antonym of "digital."
digits is used to indicate the time. Unlike analog watches, the
rotating hands are not used to indicate the time. The time is The first two types of watches we’ll discuss are both
displayed as a number. For example, 5:30 AM is displayed on run by batteries and are referred to as quartz watches. Quartz
a digital watch to indicate the time whereas in an analog is the second most common mineral found in the world, and it
watch, the short hand pointing to five on the dial and the long is used in watches as a tuning device that keeps it timing
hand pointing to six on the dial represents the 5:30 AM. properly. Despite the abundance of quartz found in nature,
most of the quartz used in watches is synthetic. Quartz analog
and quartz digital watches are the most common watches sold
in the world, making up around ninety percent of the market. of modification earlier clocks that were powered by spring.
They are also the most accurate and reliable watches out there. The spring covered clocks were an earlier invention made in
Quartz watches run the gamut from inexpensive, plastic pieces the fifteenth century. Electronic watches with digital
to expensive ones that are covered in gold and diamonds. mechanism sprung to the scene in 1970s (Cristaldi, 2009).
The two main types of wristwatches are analog and
When people think of watches, they typically picture digital watches. An analog watch has a face that holds hour
what’s known as a quartz analog watch: a battery-operated and minute hands, and either numbers, markers or Roman
watch with a face featuring rotating hands. They are numerals that display a 12-hour day. It is considered the more
abundantly found in a wide range of styles and designers, formal, classic watch type, and is perfect for business, dates
from brandless souvenir watches in a gift shop to Timex, and formal events. Digital watches either have an LCD (liquid
Swatch, and Swiss Army to luxury brands such as Raymond crystal display) or LED (light emitting diode) face that
Weil and Baume & Mercier. The difference in cost among the displays the time in numeric form (for example, 2:50). They're
various analog quartz watches is largely due to the brand; considered very casual
materials used to make the case, bracelet, Studies have shown alarmingly that many children
today—and even a fair number of adults—cannot tell time
Quartz digital watches vary greatly when it comes to using an analog clock or watch because they have only ever
style and function. Digital watches are great for someone who been exposed to digital timepieces. Presumably, someone
might be doing a lot of outdoor activities. Many of them are whose only experience of timekeeping has been digital would
low cost and “sport proof,” meaning they are often water not expend any extra mental effort figuring out how much of
resistant, or even waterproof, and can handle a few bumps an hour had elapsed at 7:52—but then, such a person may
here and there pretty well. Digital watches can perform a have to think harder on other occasions, being unable to
myriad of tasks with some having additional built-in features visually judge the “distance” between two times. Be that as it
such as stopwatches, Bluetooth capabilities, complicated may, one clearly must be able at least to identify numbers and
calendar and GPS functions, pedometers, and digital heart count in order to tell time with a digital watch, whereas even
monitors. Pretty cool and useful. without knowing any numbers, someone can tell roughly what
time of day it is using an analog watch.
Because digital watches are so varied in style and Making a decision between a digital and analog
function, the interior computer boards and circuitry tend to be watch involves a few factors, each related to personal
vastly different from watch to watch. They are also quite preference and style. It is important for the consumer to
complicated inside and can have many layers of computer consider each factor individually so that a well-informed
parts. decision can be made.
I. Introduction

A. STUDY OBJECTIVE
Time is gold, especially for students. Students should
have good time management, to pass all the requirements, and The main objective of the study is to determine which is
to meet all the deadlines. Wristwatches are popular time more preferred by Industrial Engineering student of Bulacan
keeping devices that are normally won around the wrist. State University Main Campus between analog and digital
Theses watches emerged in the seventeenth century as a result watch and factors that affect in choosing their desire watches.
The study required to achieve the following objectives: brand. Designer watches are primarily analog watches and are
 Determine which factor or factors have significant created to make the wearer look stylish. While there are
effect in selecting of their desire watch. designer digital watches on the market, most digital watches
 Determine if the affordability is attributed to these are worn for functional purposes.
factors The purpose of the present study is to determine the most
 Determine if the trend has significant effect in chosen watches of IE students
choosing of their desire watch.
 Determine if the brand has significant effect in C. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

choosing of their desire watch.


 Determine if the quality has significant effect in Student Researchers
selecting of their desire watch. The study will be valuable for the valuation of their
 Found whether there is any relationship between awareness in the presentation of Statistical Design and
choosing of their desire watch and selected Analysis and for the improvement of their abilities.
demographic variables such as gender and age.
The College of Engineering
B. RATIONALE OF THE STUDY The study will be beneficial for the college to determine
what is more preferred of Industrial Engineering students

Previous study comparing digital and analog watches between the analogue and digital watches that may be a big

have demonstrated no definitive objective advantage favoring help for checking of time accurately and easily. This will

digital watches and have shown only mixed subjective provide the college with the analysis that will help the college

preference between two types. in choosing the right and appropriate factors that should be

Analog/digital watches have both an analog and a digital consider in selecting watch.

face. They're utilitarian and can be worn to work and during


your daily routine (though they're probably not a good bet for Future Researchers
formal events). This study will be beneficial to other institutions because
But some study considers the following in choosing what this will provide the findings and analysis. The weaknesses
type of watch. First, setting the watch, the analog watch is set of the study will also help other researchers for their future
differently. It has a button on the side that the consumer pulls studies as areas for development.
out and turns to move the hour and minute hands to the correct
spots. Setting a digital watch involves pushing certain buttons D. PROBLEM STATEMENT
in a specific order. Most people who own a digital watch need
to use the manual that comes with it to set the watch properly
because directions vary. Second, Reading the Watch. The The General Problem of this study is “What is more

display on an analog watch resembles early sundials. Analog preferred by Industrial Engineering student Between

watches are the oldest style of watch. Digital watches can be Analogue and Digital watch”

read instantly, and some people find it easier to wear them for Definitely, the study will seek answer to the following

that reason. And lastly Watch Style Preference that Analog questions.

watches comes in a wide range of prices depending on the  What kind of watch do you want?
 For you, which is easier to use? who invented the mechanical clock. Likewise, nobody knows
 How much your allotted money spent in buying who invented the mechanical watch about AD 1450,or even
watch? the modern wristwatch as the twentieth century turned. The
first mechanical clocks were large weight-driven machines for
E. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY public places. The key invention that enabled the gear train of
such a machine to keep regular time was the escapement. To
The study concentrates in Industrial Engineering students make portable timekeepers, such as domestic clocks or
on the College of Engineering at Bulacan State University watches worn on the body, anonymous inventors in the early
Main Campus in City of Malolos, Bulacan. fifteenth century miniaturized the gear train and substituted
The study is conducted in 24th of September year 2015. the force of an unwinding spring for that of falling weights.
Third year up to Fifth year Industrial Engineering students are The modern mechanical wristwatch was less a new invention
surveyed. One hundred eighty four (184) respondents out of than an adaptation. At the end of the nineteenth century, as
two hundred sixty (260) regular students in all year level are accessories for sports like archery and cycling, women wore
under study. Only those who have partially accomplished all small watch movements -originally designed to be worn on a
the questions are considered in the study. neck chain or lapel pin -in leather straps attached around their
wrists. The electronic wristwatch involved inventing anew the
II. Review Related Literature internal components, methods for displaying time and
manufacturing technique^.^
Historically, clocks and watches of all sorts lie at an In the late 1960s teams of engineers working
important crossroads of science, technology and society. independently in Japan, Switzerland and the United States
Changes in timekeeping technology have influenced the used newly created electronic components to completely
character of scientific observation, aided the development of reinvent the wristwatch. The products these groups developed
other machine technologies and brought significant revisions instigated a globalrevolution in the watch industry and gave
in the way people think about and behave in time. In everyone, whether they needed toit or not, access split-second
contributing to the creation of time discipline and the accuracy once available only to scientists and technicians.
abandonment of temporal cues from the natural world, the This radical change in timekeeping technology was in the
invention of the mechanical clock around AD 1300,for vanguard of a dramatic shift from a mechanical to an
example, was one of the key points in turning Western electronic world and raises important issues about
civilization towards modernity.2 Today, the ubiquity of technological change for scholars interested in late twentieth-
electronic watches that display time’s passage in hundredths century history. Examining the work of three teams of
of a second suggests that at least some people have devised engineers, this paper offers a comparative approach to
specialized new uses for such tiny fragments of precise time, understanding how local differences in culture, economy,
but the enduring importance of these new timekeepers for our business structure and access to technological knowledge
relationship to time is still largely undocumented. shaped the design of finished products and their acceptance by
users.
As significant as clocks and watches are, for most of
horological history the details do not survive about how and Scarcely thirty years ago, three small groups of engineers
why new technologies appeared. Nobody knows, for example, in Japan, had Switzerland and the United States completely
reinvented the wristwatch with all new electronic factories by machine. A comprehensive history of consumer
components? For five hundred years, the watch had been electronics has yet to be written, and the case of the electronic
mechanical, with agear train powered by an unwinding spring. watch may suggest avenues of enquiry about how established
In the early 1970s it seemed unlikely that electronic watches industries and consumers interacted as electronics entered the
would sell in large quantities. But today, when about 90 per market in the late Twentieth century.
cent of all watches made are electronic, a few craftsmen
produce a small number of high-end mechanical pieces a year. The components for the electronic watch emerged from
Electronic wristwatches come in an enormous range of styles, independent streams of research that stretched back over
some with analogue dials and others with digital displays, and nearly a century. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth
serve every whim and purpose. Battery-powered electronic centuries, scientists had identified new materials like liquid
wristwatches now give everyone, whether they need it or not, crystals, which eventually composed watch displays, and
access to the split-second accuracy once available only to discovered properties like piezoelectricity, the phenomenon
scientists and technicians. that permits a piece of quartz to vibrate regularly when
subjected to an electrical current. During the Cold War,
All watches work essentially the same way. They have a researchers in defense and aerospace technologies laid the
part that vibrates regularly (as the pendulum swings in a basis for miniaturizing electronic circuitry. In the 1960s
clock), a means for counting and displaying those vibrations enterprising manufacturers applied the new research to the
and a power source. In a mechanical watch, an unwinding first electronic consumer products -televisions, calculators,
spring drives a train of wheels and causes a balance wheel to hearing aids and watches.
swing back and forth, usually at a rate of five times a second.
Another set of gears, called the motion work, reduces the At the heart of the historical transition is the story of how
swings to rotate a pair of hands at a regular rate, the minute quartz became a timekeeping standard. Quartz vibrates
hand once in sixty minutes and the hour hand once in twelve regularly at thousands of times a second (more or less,
hours. In an electronic watch, a battery provides the power to depending on how it is cut and shaped). Electronic watches
sustain the oscillations of a quartz crystal, which vibrates count those vibrations, divide them down to minutes, seconds
thousands of times and fractions of seconds, to show time on the dial or display.
Quartz makes even the cheapest electronic watch many times
Circuits, substituting for mechanical gears, reduce these more accurate than a well-maintained mechanical watch.
vibrations to regular pulses. The pulses can either drive a
motor to rotate hands around a dial or translate into a numeric Almost as important as quartz to the electronic watch is the
display. integrated circuit. Without tiny circuits, portable quartz
timekeepers are impossible. In the quartz watch, the integrated
The history of the electronic watch is worth a closer look. circuit sustains the oscillations of the quartz crystal, divides
Its development during the 1960s was in the vanguard of a the frequency down to one pulse per second and drives the
dramatic shift from a mechanical to an electronic world. The display.
wristwatch was one of the first consumer products to make the
transition, just as at the beginning of the nineteenth century, In 1967 Hamilton began an effort to develop a quartz
clocks were among the first consumer products made in analog watch, one with conventional hands and dial like the
Swiss Beta 21 and the Seiko Astron. Ongoing technical period made much of this. But ultimately many consumers
problems with battery contacts on Hamilton’s electric watch, questioned the need for digital watches. Some worried that
on the market already for a decade, and competition from the digital displays made telling the time too easy for children,
BulovaAccutron challenged Hamilton to explore an all- that future generations would lose forever the ability to tell
electronic watch. time by the traditional clock dial. For a while the relative
merits of digital and analog time-telling preoccupied
However, Hamilton’s quartz analog project was short- educators. But by the mid- 1980s sales figures showed buyers
lived. It soon became clear to Hamilton developers that both were shifting away from watches with digital displays back to
Swiss and Japanese quartz analog watches were about to hit the conventional dial.50 Behind the dial of most new watches,
the market, well before Hamilton could have a product ready. though, hummed an electronic heart.
In need of something completely new to stay competitive,
Hamilton changed course to try to build the world’s first Based on study conducted of yougov.com, 76% of
electronic digital watch. people's primary watches (asked of those who owned at least
To produce this digital watch Hamilton joined forces with a one watch) are analog only. 16% are digital and the rest
Dallas electronics company, a spin-off from Texas having a hybrid display. The surprise here is that Hispanics
Instruments called Electro-Data, and moved John Bergey from are much more likely to have digital watches (34%) than other
its military products division to the watch division to head the races.
team that would develop a digital watch. With a degree in
engineering from Pennsylvania State University, Bergey had III Experimental Design and Mathematical Model
gone to work at Hamilton after three years in the US Air
Force. A. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION

Consumers also criticized digital displays. LED displays


required the wearer to push a button to light up the time This Chapter presents the methodology that will be
display. Once the novelty wore off, watch wearers found the used in the conduct of this study and will include the
push-button a nuisance. By 1977 LED display watches had discussion of research design, sampling and respondents,
fallen out of favor, largely because of this feature. Liquid research setting, materials used and procedure.
crystal displays, developed in the early 1970s, provided
watches with a continuous time indication, but consumers 3.1 THE RESEARCH DESIGN

complained that they could not read them in the dark.


The study will use the descriptive survey design to
Manufacturers tried several solutions, including small
study what is more preferred by IE student between analog
incandescent bulbs for backlighting, but the battery drain was
and digital watches in BSU (Main Campus) located in
prohibitive.
Malolos City, Bulacan.

Consumers squared off for and against digital time. Time


3.2 SAMPLINGS AND RESPONDENTS
displayed in digits, some said, signaled a much more accurate,
objective and abstract ‘scientific’ time. Digital time looked
Industrial Engineering Students who are enrolled this
modern, like space-age instrument panels. Advertising of the
year (2015-2016) at Bulacan State University (Main Campus)
which is contained 70.77%percent of the total population will documents such as students’ lists and numbers and records on
the sample size of the study. The sample population is 184 admission and academic performance from thecentral
taken the total from the 260 Engineering students of Bulacan academic office. The researcher administered
State University. Simple stratified random method, thequestionnaires with the help of a research assistant to
proportionate to size will be done based on the random 184respondents. This data was collected in the year 2015
offer draw generated by the researcher . Names will using questionnaires, and documentary analysis.
then be chosen up and these will be included in the sample
population.
B. CONCEPTUAL MODEL
3.3 RESEARCH SETTINGS

Choosing of watches between Analogue and Digital


The study will be conducted at Bulacan State is depends on their perception about the different factors that
University (Main Campus) located in Malolos City, Bulacan. the researcher consider namely affordability, quality, design
and trend. The conceptual model (e.g. Error! Reference
3.4 DATA GATHERING
source not found.) has the dependent variable of analogue
versus Digital as related to what’s IE student preferred for
The researcher will ask permission from the
checking time, and the independent variables namely
professor to allow the engineering students to answer the
demographic variables (gender and year related to what’s IE
questionnaire. The answering of the questioner will be done in
student preferred for checking time, and the independent
the Bulacan State University (Main Campus). Answered
variables namely demographic variables (gender and year
questionnaires then, will be gather, responses coded and will
level) and factors affecting of selecting watch (quality,
be subject to the appropriate statistical computation for
affordability, design and trend).
reliability. These students name will then be deleted from the
list of the total population so as not to include them again in
the selection of the sample population.

3.5 MATERIAL USED

A survey was created by the researcher that was


composed of 7 questions. The survey was created was
formatted with shaded the desire answer, specification of
answer. The survey was expected to take three to five minutes
to complete.

3.6 PROCEDURE

A permission to carry out the research was approved


by the professor of Advance Statistics at BSU in order for the
researcher to carry out the study. The researcher obtained Fig.1 Conceptual Model
IV. Demographic Profile of Respondents

Fig. 3 year level


Survey had been done and analyzed to be able to identify
the factors that effect of choosing between Analogue and
Digital wristwatches as related to the number of Industrial
Engineering Student of Bulacan State University.
The students of the College of Industrial Engineering are
composed of Two hundred sixty (260) regular students. The
researcher have used Slovene’s formula and base on that the
survey participant is one hundred eighty four (184) IE
students , and the male participants is eighty five (46.20%)
and female participants is ninety nine (53.80%). (e.g. Fig.2)
3rd year IE student is seventy (38.04%), for 4 th year student is
49 (26.63%) and 5th year student is 65 (35.33%). (e.g. Fig.3) Raw Sample

Fig.2 Gender Gender Frequency Percentage


T
a
b
Male l 85 46.20%
e
Female. 99 53.80%
2

TOTAL184 100.00%
Year Level
Male Female

Tabl
e1
Raw Sample
Gend
er
Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 85 46.20%

Female 99 53.80%
TOTAL184 100.00%
V. Statistical Analysis and Discussion of Results Alpha= 0.05

LCI= -8.79
The researcher investigate which is more preferred
by Industrial Engineering Student between Analogue and T-value = 2.03
Digital Wristwatch in
Bulacan State University Main Campus. Two different types P-value=0.090

of wristwatch have been compared using two random samples


DF=2
of 3 year levels of Industrial Engineering sections for each
wristwatch. The observe wristwatch rates are as follows.
Do the data support the claim that Industrial
Engineering student is more preferred to use digital over
analogue. In reaching your conclusion use 5% of significance Minitab Results
level and assume that both population variances are unequal
Two-Sample T-Test and CI: analog, digital

Two-sample T for analog vs digital

N Mean StDev SE Mean


analog 3 20.67 5.86 3.4
digital 3 44.0 17.4 10

Difference = μ (analog) - μ (digital)


Estimate for difference: -23.3
95% lower bound for difference: -54.3
T-Test of difference = 0 (vs>)
T-Value = -2.20 P-Value = 0.920 DF = 2

Critical Region

H0: µA- µD= 0 Digital wristwatch are more preferred by IE


students

H1: µA-µD> 0 Analog wristwatch is more preferredby IE


students

Given:
Conclusion we're still a long way from trading our Rolexes for smart
watches.
 Accept H0, Reject H1; because T-value = -2.20 is
Mechanical watches have remained popular through
outside the Critical Region.
the digital age because of their craftsmanship and superior
 Accept H0, Reject H1; because µ = 0 is inside the LCI.
quality.
 Accept H0, Reject H1; because P-value = 0.920 is
greater than alpha= 0.05. It takes master watchmakers months and sometimes
years to create the elaborate interior mechanisms that make
collectors' watches sospecial, such as a split-
Therefore Digital wristwatch are more preferred by IE
secondchronograph (two second hands to time different
students because it is easy to use.
events) andperpetual calendars (which are designed to display
VI. Conclusion the correct date on any given day in the future)

From the related literature view, consumers had a list


In summation, choosing between a digital and analog
of complaints they found particularly vexing. Extremely short
watch is a personal decision. It is best made by considering
battery life was at the top. In the early 1970s, batteries were
three areas. First is setting the watch. It takes more effort to
relatively large, electronic circuits were power-hungry, and
set a digital watch. Second is the readability of an analog
watch cases were bulky to accommodate the module.
watch. Some people find it easier to keep track of time quickly
Consumer disapproval prompted the development of smaller
with a digital watch. Third, consider style. An everyday watch
batteries and forced manufacturers to find new ways to make
can be almost any style. However, if a fancy watch is
extremely low-power circuits and displays. By the mid-1970s
preferred, people usually choose an analog watch. By learning
watches could run on smaller batteries, the cases shrank in
about the differences between digital and analog watches,
size and manufacturers could offer models targeted to women
consumers can make an informed decision.
buyers. In addition to battery problems, in the earliest models
the quartz oscillators were extremely sensitive to hard knocks.
The results of this study indicate that mostly of the Techniques for encapsulating the crystal and protecting it
Industrial Engineering student’s preferred Digital watches. from shocks had to be developed. Moisture was also the
This may be because many digital watches arise with features enemy of electronic components, and water- resistant case
which analog watches usually don’t have like alarms, designs became a priority.
stopwatches, or calendar functions. And its chronograph
function is very accurate, up to 1/100 of a second. Plus sports The honor of being the world’s first digital watch is
durability like water or pressure resistance some digital great considering that it was the first new way to tell time in
watches have advanced GPS features and calculators. half a millennium. Watch experts, such as Henry Fried,
consider the digital display the greatest technological leap
since the hairspring in 1675. The New York Times called it a
VII.Areas for future studies
space-age “wrist computer” and announced it was “a new era
in the science of measuring time.” Richard J. Blakinger, the
Watches have been around for more than 500 years,
Hamilton president, described the development of the watch
surviving wars and technological revolutions. We may have
as “a dramatic breakthrough in the science of horology which
advanced past the mechanics of the classic wristwatch, but
signals the opening of a totally new approach to the design The major problem with analog is that the reader
and manufacture of portable timepieces. Since this advanced could miss by one hour mark, that usually means +/- 5
product is a fixed program computer, it is conceivable that minutes and/or 1 hour. Maybe if the day consists of 16 hours
other programs are possible and that some day in the future this would happen less often.
there will be a programmable wrist computer which would
Definition of terms
respond to a variety of useful programs personally selected by
the wearer.” Marketed as a “time computer,” the Hamilton
1. Wrist watch- a watch worn on a strap around the wrist
company would later create a subsidiary called Time
2. Analog wrist watch-
Computer, Inc. just to manufacture and market the Pulsar.
a watch that represents time by the position of ands on a dial
Because digital watches are so varied in style and 3. Digital wrist watch-a watch that displays the time in
function, the interior computer boards and circuitry tend to be numerical digits rather than by hands on a dial.
vastly different from watch to watch. They are also quite
complicated inside and can have many layers of computer
parts. Digital watches are also the only watches that do not
have any moving parts. Generally, if a digital watch is in need APPENDIX

of repair or a battery change, it must be sent back to the


manufacturer or be taken to a specialized repair shop.
Unfortunately for the digital-watch owner, traditional 1.) What kind of watch do you want?

watchmakers are usually trained to work on watches with o Analog

gears and movements, not computer boards, so a repair shop o Digital

that specializes in digital watches can sometimes be a little


difficult to find. There is no harm is asking your jeweler or Why? ______________________________

watchmaker to take a look, of course. If they are unable to


help, they may be able to point you in the right direction. 2.) For you, which is easier to use?
o Analog
Analog is More legible at a distance (clocks at train o Digital
station, hospitals, schools, etc) because of the simple picture
format. For short or less than one minute timing purposes, i.e. Why? ______________________________
counting pulses, sometimes using second hand is more
preferable because of the readability. Gives you a sense of the 3.) What are the factors did you consider in choosing watch?
current time. And generally it becomes more legible as it gets o Quality
bigger. o Affordability
o Design
Digital is Easier/faster to read correctly at a glance.
o Trend
Undoubtedly superior for timing purposes (linked to the 1st
point and because of the format). Generally eats less space.
Others:
Generally it doesn't get more legible as it gets bigger, maybe
Why? _____________________________
the effect is the reverse because of how it must be read (left to
right).
4.) How much you allotted money spent in buying watch?
Specify (php):________________________ [3] McDerniott, op. cit. (9), 173; Landes, op. cit. (2),341.

[4] Digital vs. Analog Watches


http://www.ebay.com/gds/Digital-vs-Analog-Watches-
/10000000177897730/g.html

[5] Almost 60% of 16-34 year olds use a phone as their


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
primary
timepiecehttps://today.yougov.com/news/2011/05/05/brother-
do-you-have-time/
We would like to give the warmest thanks to
Almighty God for he is the source of our strength and power.

With profound and sincere gratitude, we would like to


extend our undying and heartfelt thanks to our loving parents
for their moral and financial support, and our siblings.

Special thanks to Engr. Dyan Gonzales Rodriguez


for her guidance and advice regarding this study, and also to
all Industrial Engineering student of Bulacan State University
(Main Campus) who sincerely participate to our survey exam,
and lastly to those who in many ways helped in the fulfillment
of this study.

Researcher

REFERENCE

[1]Max Hetzel interview with authors, Deitingen, Switzerland,


15April 1999; Press release, Bulova Watch Co., 25 October
1960, National Museum of American History, History of
Technology Division Archives (hereafter NMAH-HOT);
Eulova trade literature, ‘Why you should wear Accutron
instead of a watch’, n.d., NMAH-HOT; Hetzel prototype
‘hlodel 8’, NMAH cat. no. 1992.0269.02.

[2] Lades, op. cit. (2),173.

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