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TRANSFER

STEADY HEAT CONDUCTION IN PLANE


WALLS
Thermal Resistance Concept
• thermal resistance of the wall
against heat conduction or
simply the conduction resistance
of the wall
• the thermal resistance
corresponds to electrical
resistance, temperature
difference corresponds to
voltage, and the heat transfer
rate corresponds to electric
current
convection resistance & radiation heat
transfer coefficient
Thermal Resistance Network
Multilayer Plane Walls
Heat Loss through a Single-Pane Window

• Consider a 0.8-m-high and 1.5-m-wide glass


window with a thickness of 8 mm and a thermal
conductivity of k = 0.78 W/m · °C. Determine the
steady rate of heat transfer through this glass
window and the temperature of its inner surface
for a day during which the room is maintained at
20°C while the temperature of the outdoors is -
10°C. Take the heat transfer coefficients on the
inner and outer surfaces of the window to be h1 =
10 W/m2 · °C and h2 = 40 W/m2 · °C, which
includes the effects of radiation.
Heat Loss through Double-Pane Windows
• Consider a 0.8-m-high and 1.5-m-wide double-
pane window consisting of two 4-mm-thick layers
of glass (k = 0.78 W/m · °C) separated by a 10-
mm-wide stagnant air space (k = 0.026 W/m · °C).
Determine the steady rate of heat transfer
through this double-pane window and the
temperature of its inner surface for a day during
which the room is maintained at 20°C while the
temperature of the outdoors is -10°C. Take the
convection heat transfer coefficients on the inner
and outer surfaces of the window to be h1 = 10
W/m2 · °C and h2 = 40 W/m2 · °C, which includes
the effects of radiation.
GENERALIZED THERMAL RESISTANCE
NETWORKS
Heat Loss through a Composite Wall
• A 3-m-high and 5-m-wide wall consists of long 16-cm
22-cm cross section horizontal bricks (k = 0.72 W/m ·
°C) separated by 3-cm-thick plaster layers (k = 0.22
W/m · °C). There are also 2-cm-thick plaster layers on
each side of the brick and a 3-cm-thick rigid foam (k =
0.026 W/m · °C) on the inner side of the wall, as
shown in the figure. The indoor and the outdoor
temperatures are 20°C and -10°C, and the convection
heat transfer coefficients on the inner and the outer
sides are h1 = 10 W/m2 · °C and h2 = 25 W/m2 · °C,
respectively. Assuming one-dimensional heat transfer
and disregarding radiation, determine the rate of heat
transfer through the wall.
HEAT CONDUCTION IN CYLINDERS AND
SPHERES
Multilayered Cylinders and Spheres
Heat Transfer to a Spherical Container
• A 3-m internal diameter spherical tank made of 2-cm-thick
stainless steel (k = 15 W/m · °C) is used to store iced water at
T∞1 = 0°C. The tank is located in a room whose temperature is
T∞2 = 22°C. The walls of the room are also at 22°C. The outer
surface of the tank is black and heat transfer between the
outer surface of the tank and the surroundings is by natural
convection and radiation. The convection heat transfer
coefficients at the inner and the outer surfaces of the tank are
h1 = 80 W/m2 · °C and h2 = 10 W/m2 · °C, respectively.
Determine (a) the rate of heat transfer to the iced water in the
tank and (b) the amount of ice at 0°C that melts during a 24-h
period. (heat of fusio of water = 333.7 KJ/kg)
Heat Loss through an Insulated Steam Pipe
• Steam at T∞1 = 320°C flows in a cast iron pipe (k =
80 W/m · °C) whose inner and outer diameters
are D1 = 5 cm and D2 = 5.5 cm, respectively. The
pipe is covered with 3-cm-thick glass wool
insulation with k = 0.05 W/m · °C. Heat is lost to
the surroundings at T∞2 = 5°C by natural
convection and radiation, with a combined heat
transfer coefficient of h2 = 18 W/m2 · °C. Taking
the heat transfer coefficient inside the pipe to be
h1 = 60 W/m2 · °C, determine the rate of heat loss
from the steam per unit length of the pipe. Also
determine the temperature drops across the pipe
shell and the insulation.

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