Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CS 322
Maureen B. Gallardo
January 31 2018
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INTRODUCTION
Land Transportation Office (LTO) is one of the agency of the Philippine government
that is responsible for all land transportations, registration of new vehicles, issuance of
driver’s license and enforcing traffic laws in the country. They rationalize the land
transportation services and facilities as stated in their mission. Promoting safety and
Department, there are 81, 232 number of vehicles registered in the said City which
includes 1,788 jeepneys, 73,264 PUV, and 4,572 tricycles for the year of 2017 which are
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B. Statement of the Problem
The focal problem of the study centers around motorcycle rider casualties due to
failure to wear the standard protective motorcycle helmet or failure to require the back
rider to wear the standard protective motorcycle helmet under Republic Act 10054. Being
involved in a motorcycle crash can cause numerous injuries; this is true whether a rider
has a helmet on or not. Kovacic (2013) states, helmets are estimated to be 37 percent
increases the chances of much more serious injuries and the severity of the following:
Head injuries cause some of the most severe damage a person’s body can experience,
and sadly, they’re almost always preventable. Motorcycle helmets are meant to take the
brunt of the force when a biker’s head hits the pavement. Studies have shown that simply
walking into something solid can cause a skull fracture, then hitting the pavement at 55
MPH can do to a human skull without a helmet. Severe head injuries can cause brain
damage, coma or death. Spinal injuries are one of the most feared injuries in the world,
and not wearing a helmet when on a motorcycle can increase the risk of experiencing
one. Helmets not only protect a biker’s head; they help keep their head stationary. If a
person’s head remains stationary during an accident, their chances of not sustaining a
serious neck or spinal injury increases. Unfortunately, those who do experience traumatic
spinal injuries can face partial paralysis, full on paraplegia or even death. Serious Facial
Abnormalities. Unfortunately, even riders who don’t suffer serious brain or spinal injuries
2016 but how often do motorcycle accidents and casualties occur? Are they frequent
enough to be considered a problem? Based on records on the nationwide tally for daily
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transport incidents in 2015 from the Philippine Statistics Authority, 69% of the of the total
Motorcycle crashes remained the leading cause of death and injury on Metro Manila
roads, a government traffic accident recording and analysis report showed. The 2015
Metro Manila Accident Recording and Analysis System report showed that motorcycles
have the “highest fatality accident rate” with 262 the total number of deaths, followed by
trucks (129) and private cars (125). The report noted that the number of road accidents in
Metro Manila has increased to 95,615 incidents in 2015, up by 5,357 from the 90,258
cases recorded in 2014. From 6,244 injuries in 2010, the number of recorded injuries
increased to 19,852 in a span of 5 years. In addition, each quarterly DOH report notes the
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C. Objectives
General Objectives
To develop a video processing system that detects if motorcycle riders have failed
Specific Objectives
a. To create a module that detects the human head using Head Region
Detection techniques
b. To create a module that detects plate numbers of the vehicle that violates
retrieves video footages of the violation, date and time of violation, plate
number, vehicle type, color and brand of the vehicle and its case status.
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D. Conceptual Framework
different modules. First, the system will first view video footages of all vehicles and will
detect if there are that using image subtraction. Then it will check if there are violations
violated by that vehicle in the violation detection module. In this module, detects for heads
that do not have helmets on as a basis of violation. If the system is able to detect a
violation, it will then save the footage of that part of that video. Then at a certain time, it
will post-process the video footages by recognizing its plate number through optical
character recognition and other information which will then be saved in the Traffic
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E. Scope and Limitation
The study will focus on developing video processing system the violation of RA
10054 or the failure to wear the standard protective helmet with the use of video
processing for the City of Zamboanga and for LTO Regional Office Region IX. The scope
that are known to have high volumes of vehicles that flow throughout the day. The video
processing system also includes Traffic Violation Information System that saves the video
footage date and time of the occurrence and plate number of the violator. Since we only
aim to detect the violation of RA 10054 then the kind of violation by default will be set to
said violation. The system does not save all video footages 24 hour on the Traffic Violation
Information System. The system will choose to save footages that only contain violations
The system can only detect the violation of RA 10054 and has its primary focus on
monitoring two wheeled motorcycles excluding other types of motorcycle variants such
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F. Significance of the Study
The development of this system will enhance road safety and deter fatal motorcycle
involved casualties. The effectivity of the system will help improve the implementation of
the RA 10054 as the selected road will be monitored on a 24 hour basis every day.
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The declared law imposes the mandatory implementation of the Republic Act to all
motorcycle riders, including drivers and back riders, shall at all times wear standard
protective motorcycle helmets while driving, whether long or short drives, in any type of
road and highway. Standard protective motorcycle helmets are appropriate types of
helmets for motorcycle riders that comply with the specifications issued by the Department
of Trade and Industry (DTI). The DTI has issued guidelines, which should include the
specifications regarding standard protective motorcycle helmets. The DTI, through the
BPS, shall conduct a mandatory testing of all manufactured and imported motorcycle
motorcycle helmets are required to secure a PS license or ICC prior to the sale and
distribution of their products, only those standard protective motorcycle helmets bearing
Any person caught not wearing the standard protective motorcycle helmet in
violation of this Act shall be punished with a fine of One thousand five hundred pesos
(Php1,500.00) for the first offense; Three thousand pesos (Php3,000.00) for the second
offense; Five thousand pesos (Php5,000.00) for the third offense; and Ten thousand
pesos (Php10,000.00) plus confiscation of the driver's license for the fourth and
succeeding offenses.
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3. System Peripherals
Our system heavily relies on video processing as a means to detect the helmet
specific information from the captured images, along with generating event descriptions
or making decisions that are used in an intelligent and automated system. A smart camera
is a self-contained, standalone vision system with built-in image sensor in the housing of
an industrial video camera. The purpose of the smart camera is to capture footages for
3.2. IP Camera
commonly employed for surveillance, and which, unlike analog closed-circuit television
(CCTV) cameras, can send and receive data via a computer network and the Internet.
Although most cameras that do this are webcams, the term IP camera or netcam is usually
applied only to those used for surveillance that can be directly accessed over a network
connection. The usage of the IP camera is similar with the smart camera as
aforementioned.
between network nodes. Examples of wireless networks include cell phone networks,
wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless sensor networks, satellite communication
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networks, and terrestrial microwave networks. This will enable communication between
the peripherals and the main violation detection module and information system
3.4 Server
functionality for other programs or devices, called "clients". This architecture is called the
processes or devices. Servers can provide various functionalities, often called "services",
such as sharing data or resources among multiple clients, or performing computation for
a client. A single server can serve multiple clients, and a single client can use multiple
servers
4. Algorithms
There have been numerous studies on differencing the background from the image and
identifying features such as elliptical arcs that are helpful in the detection of helmets. The first and
most important step is the detection of the human head and the helmet with the following
algorithms.
Subtraction Algorithms. It first subtracts consecutive frames from a footage then it leaves
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4.3 Blob Analysis
vision based on analysis of consistent image regions. As such it is a tool of choice for
applications in which the objects being inspected are clearly discernible from the
background. Diverse set of Blob Analysis methods allows to create tailored solutions for
The basic scenario of the Blob Analysis solution consists of the following steps:
1. Extraction - in the initial step one of the Image Thresholding techniques is
applied to obtain a region corresponding to the objects (or single object) being
inspected.
2. Refinement - the extracted region is often flawed by noise of various kind (e.g.
due to inconsistent lightning or poor image quality). In the Refinement step the
3. Analysis - in the final step the refined region is subject to measurements and the
final results are computed. If the region represents multiple objects, it is split into
images of any typed text, handwritten or printed into machine-encoded text. These
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common method of digitizing printed texts so that they can be digitally or electronically
complementary networks that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process,
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create and distribute data. This will be needed for storing the violator information such
as footage, date and time of occurrence, the plate number and if the case is pending or
5. Related Studies
5.1. Catch-All
artificial intelligence that does not need any intervention or manual manipulation from
humans. The specialized CCTV cameras have image and video capturing capabilities
through fiber optic technology. The images are then processed in a laboratory situated
within DLSU containing multiple computers. Features include, identifying the car,
profiling the car whether it is small, medium, or large, what type of car it is, identifying
the motions of the car from one location to another. Car tracking, movement monitoring
and identifying car speed. Once the plate numbers are stored, the system can clip the
video for storage and documentation purposes. Should the owner have future
complaints, the video clip will be presented as proof that the corresponding vehicle has
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METHODOLOGY
law thus this will be divided into three major stages. The detection and classification,
The first stage, detection and classification must first determine if there are any
moving objects in a static scene in a footage. Having detected objects in motion, the
system then classifies them if it’s a four-wheeled vehicle or a motorcycle. In this study,
The main objective of this step is to obtain an image that will be used to detect
moving objects. Any form of moving object is considered a possible vehicle that will be
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