DJB82 (Chemical)

(OP)
###
There is a liquid in a reactor and the headspace is occupied by nitrogen. The gauge pressure in
jari001 (Chemical)16 Feb 17 21:13
If you know the amount of gas emitted and the state variables of the system, you can calculate
DJB82 (Chemical)
(OP)
###
So dividing the volume of gas emitted in litres by the free headspace volume in the vessel woul
LittleInch (Petroleum)2 Mar 17 08:52
That's not correct.

To use the gas laws you need to work in absolute pressure and absolute temperature for starte

Assuming your temp is the same and the compressibility of your gases are the same then

P2= P1 x ( V1/V2).

V2 is the new volume of the original gas now it has been pressurised by the additional gas ente

Hence V2 = (V1 / (V1 + Vg) where Vg is the volume of your CO2.

So lets say your Vg is twice the original volume, then V2 = 0.333, so pressure P2 = 3 bara / 2 b

It is was 4 times then P2 =5 bara / 4 barg

Note that this also assume ( very big assume) that the amount of gas released by the reaction

Remember - More details = better answers

Also: If you get a response it's polite to respond to it.

DJB82 (Chemical)
(OP)
###
Thanks for the excellent reply.

Can you explain why V2 = (V1 / (V1 + Vg))), rather than V2 = V1 - Vg, I'm a little confused on
LittleInch (Petroleum)2 Mar 17 12:49
I forget to say that the volume figure you use must be at the same pressure, hence use of stan
The equation I'm using is essentially saying that the original volume V1, is now being squeezed

Then the original mass is fixed. The additional mass is then added to the original mass. Thus th

Your equation doesn't work because you're thinking about the volume of Vg at the final pressur

Remember - More details = better answers

Also: If you get a response it's polite to respond to it.

adammal44 (Nuclear)2 Mar 17 13:29
It's worthwhile to note here that nitrogen gas is slightly soluble in water. As your hydrogen gas

As to your real question, you can Van der Waal's equation of state to determine the final pressu

P = [ R * T / (V_molar - b)] - [a / V_molar²]

P is the system pressure (atmospheres)

R is the Ideal Gas Law Constant
T is the system temperature (Kelvin)
a is a Van der Waals constant (specific to the gas)
b is a Van der Waals constant (specific to the gas)
V_molar is the gaseous molar volume of your specific gas at a certain pressure/temperature con

You are searching for your system pressure. You have two linked equations (the equation abov

P_system = [0.08205 L*atm/mol*k]*[T]/[Volume_headspace / moles_nitrogen - b_nitrogen] -

P_system = [0.08205 L*atm/mol*k]*[T]/[Volume_headspace / moles_hydrogen - b_hydrogen]

The trick here is that Volume_headspace in both equations is the following function:
Volume_headspace = molar volume_nitrogen (P_system) * moles of nitrogen + molar volume_

In this case, find a curve of molar volume of these gases and fit an equation to them. Insert tha

Solve the linked equations for a solution to P_system.

adammal44 (Nuclear)2 Mar 17 13:34
Or, just use the ideal gas law.

PV = nRT
Make sure you're using absolute pressures and appropriate units. If your temperatures and pre

If you're OK with some inaccuracy, you can use the Van der Walls equation of state above with

If your pressures are high, there is a slight modification of the Ideal Gas Law that includes a co
zdas04 (Mechanical)2 Mar 17 17:26
LittleInch's formula is a tiny bit misleading. It really is (at constant head-space physical-volume,

P2=P1(m1/(m1+mgas))

The reason that the formula given can (and does) work is that it requires rolling the mass back

Doing it this way, you don't have to guess a final pressure to determine the density at actual co

mgas=(P1*m1/P2)-m1

David Simpson, PE
MuleShoe Engineering

In questions of science, the authority of a thousand is not worth the humble reasoning of a single individu

DJB82 (Chemical)
(OP)
###
Hi David,

Correct me if I'm not right but should that formula be P1=P2(m1/(m1+mgas)) rather than P2=

Thanks

zdas04 (Mechanical)9 Mar 17 21:19
DJB82,
I think you are right.

David Simpson, PE
MuleShoe Engineering

In questions of science, the authority of a thousand is not worth the humble reasoning of a single individu
 nitrogen. The gauge pressure in the headspace is 0barg. If the liquid then emitted a known quantity of e.g. CO2 into the headspace how w

of the system, you can calculate the partial pressure of the gas using an equation of state.

space volume in the vessel would be an incorrect way to work out the pressure increase in barg?

d absolute temperature for starters.

ur gases are the same then

urised by the additional gas entering your fixed gas space in the reactor.

33, so pressure P2 = 3 bara / 2 barg

of gas released by the reaction is not pressure dependent. In most reactions the pressure will have an impact on gas produced so it becom

V1 - Vg, I'm a little confused on this. Thanks

ame pressure, hence use of standard volumes.

lume V1, is now being squeezed (pressurized) into a smaller volume by the introduction of more gas. If you think of this in terms of mass m

ded to the original mass. Thus the ratio of original mass/volume to the new volume is original divided by original plus new.

volume of Vg at the final pressure, i.e. the actual volume. Like I said at the beginning here, your volume need to be at the same reference

in water. As your hydrogen gas evolves into the gas space and pressure increases, the increase in pressure will force some nitrogen back i

ate to determine the final pressure of your system.

certain pressure/temperature condition

ed equations (the equation above for the hydrogen part of your system and the equation above for the nitrogen part of your system). You c

moles_nitrogen - b_nitrogen] - [a_nitrogen / (Volume_headspace / moles_nitrogen)]

moles_hydrogen - b_hydrogen] - [a_hydrogen / (Volume_headspace / moles_hydrogen)]

he following function:
les of nitrogen + molar volume_ (P_system) * moles of hydrogen.

t an equation to them. Insert that equation.

ts. If your temperatures and pressures aren't outrageous, it's a good starting point while you work your way up to more exotic equations of

alls equation of state above without the linked equations by just treating your system as a single-gas system with a gas that looks like part-

Ideal Gas Law that includes a compressibility term...

ant head-space physical-volume, and constant temperature with no change in compressibility):

it requires rolling the mass back to a volume at standard conditions which is an excellent surrogate for mass. It is easier to get your head a

etermine the density at actual conditions to allow you to convert to standard conditions. For an experiment you can rearrange this equation

umble reasoning of a single individual. Galileo Galilei, Italian Physicist

m1/(m1+mgas)) rather than P2=P1(m1/(m1+mgas))? If not then that would mean that P2<P1

umble reasoning of a single individual. Galileo Galilei, Italian Physicist

. CO2 into the headspace how would I work out the pressure increase in the headspace?

act on gas produced so it becomes an iterative function to balance pressure with emitted volume of gas.
u think of this in terms of mass might help and assume the density of the gases is the same.

ginal plus new.

eed to be at the same reference pressure otherwise you're not working on the same basis.

e will force some nitrogen back into solution. This is a slow process. This is useful to note, because the opposite can happen as well --- as y

ogen part of your system). You change V_molar to a real fraction: (Volume / moles) and you have two equations now. Assume the volume
y up to more exotic equations of state.

m with a gas that looks like part-hydrogen and part-nitrogen. Just create new a/b values, by using the molar rations of your gas to weight e

s. It is easier to get your head around it if you assume that the volume of the head space is maintained at a constant level (by adding mass

you can rearrange this equation to determine how much gas evolved from the process for a measured pressure change.
osite can happen as well --- as you try to vent out, the fluid will also have effervescence attributable to nitrogen bubbles. You can estimate

ations now. Assume the volume of your headspace is a function in both equations as well (if your tank is filled with a relatively incompressib
r rations of your gas to weight each gases' individual constants to make a constant for your "new single gas". Then solve for P - assume tha

a constant level (by adding mass) while the gas evolves into the head space.

ssure change.
ogen bubbles. You can estimate the solubility using Henry's law.

ed with a relatively incompressible liquid and your pressure change isn't too huge, though you can iterate on that later], with a special featu
s". Then solve for P - assume that number of moles is the sum of moles of both gases.
on that later], with a special feature that we’ll get to in a second.