INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Approved by CSIR-NISCAIR ISSN NO: 2277-7318
PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (ICMSET-2014) 15th - 16th FEBRUARY, 2014
Overview of SCADA Application in Thermal
Power Plant Prof. Mr. C. S. Patil Mr. H. M. Sonawane, K. G. Patil HOD, E&TC Engg., PG student, E&TC Engg. PG student, E&TC Engg. SGDCOE, Jalgaon
Abstract-- Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition II. SCADA
(SCADA) systems are used in a Thermal Power Plant to SCADA stands for supervisory control and data provide monitoring and control of remote equipment and acquisition. It generally refers to industrial control systems: assets. It generally refers to industrial control systems: computer systems that monitor and control industrial, computer systems that monitor and control industrial, infrastructure, or facility-based processes. Industrial infrastructure, or facility-based processes. This paper processes include those of manufacturing, production, power show, How the SCADA will help for Thermal Power generation, fabrication, and refining, and may run in Plant. A SCADA system’s primary function is to transfer continuous, batch, repetitive, or discrete modes. A SCADA's and present information to/from a range of sources and System usually consists of the following subsystems: locations, while ensuring that data integrity and (1) A Human-Machine Interface or HMI is the apparatus appropriate update rates are maintained in Themal which presents process data to a human operator, and through Power Plant. this, the human operator monitors and controls the process. Index Terms- Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (2) A supervisory (computer) system, gathering (acquiring) (SCADA), Thermal Power Plant. data on the process and sending commands (control) to the process. I. INTRODUCTION (3) Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) connecting to sensors in This paper describes the methodology with which a detailed the process, converting sensor signals to digital data and simulation of “SCADA System for Thermal Power Plant”. sending digital data to the supervisory system. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems (4) Programmable Logic Controller (PLCs) used as field are used in a wide range of applications to provide devices because they are more economical, versatile, flexible, monitoring and control of remote equipment and assets. A and configurable than special-purpose RTUs. SCADA system’s primary function is to transfer and present (5) Communication infrastructure connecting the supervisory information to from a range of sources and locations, while system to the Remote Terminal Units. ensuring that data integrity and appropriate update rates are maintained. III. SYSTEM CONCEPTS OF SCADA The main principal of Thermal power Plant is to use of The term SCADA usually refers to centralized systems coal as main fuel to generate steam from water in the boiler which monitors and controls entire sites, or complexes of and to run the steam turbine by introducing the steam in to systems spread out over large areas (anything between an the steam turbine, which produce mechanical energy. This industrial plant and a country). Most control actions are mechanical energy drives the generators the turbo alternators performed automatically by Remote Terminal Units in this case, which generates the power. ("RTUs") or by programmable logic controllers ("PLCs"). The SCADA system is very useful for tedious operation of Host control functions are usually restricted to basic thermal power plant such as pulverising of coal, control the overriding or supervisory level intervention. For example, a steam flow, Turbine Start/stop Status, Power Distribution & PLC may control the flow of cooling water through part of an Control System, Water Control Valve: industrial process, but the SCADA system may allow operators to change the set points for the flow, and enable To Observe Percentage opening of the Water control valve, alarm conditions, such as loss of flow and high temperature, System Alarms. This system supervise, control also provides to be displayed and recorded. The feedback control loop proper record of data i.e. data acquisition. passes through the RTU or PLC, while the SCADA system monitors the overall performance of the loop.
SPECIAL ISSUE IJAECS 2014 ICMSET PROCEEDINGS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Approved by CSIR-NISCAIR ISSN NO: 2277-7318 PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (ICMSET-2014) 15th - 16th FEBRUARY, 2014
Figure 1. Systems concepts of SCADA
Data acquisition begins at the RTU or PLC level and
includes meter readings and equipment status reports that are communicated to SCADA as required. Data is then compiled and formatted in such a way that a control room operator using the HMI can make supervisory decisions to adjust or override normal RTU (PLC) controls. Data may also be fed to a Historian, often built on a commodity Database Management System, to allow trending and other analytical auditing. SCADA systems typically implement a distributed database, commonly referred to as a tag database, which contains data elements called tags or points. A point Figure 2. Architecture of a SCADA system represents a single input or output value monitored or controlled by the system. Points can be either "hard" or procedures, logistic information, detailed schematics for a "soft". A hard point represents an actual input or output particular sensor or machine, and expert-system within the system, while a soft point results from logic and troubleshooting guides for power plant. A simulation has math operations applied to other points. (Most facility to acquire the value of temperature and pressure implementations conceptually remove the distinction by which are sensed by a temperature sensor and pressure sensor making every property a "soft" point expression, which may, respectively. In this Simulation we can supervise high and in the simplest case, equal a single hard point.) Points are low level position of level sensor available at thermal power normally stored as value-timestamp pairs: a value, and the plant. Figure 3show the main screen for plant Simulation. timestamp when it was recorded or calculated. A series of The main Parts of the plant Simulation are Gear Speed: value-timestamp pairs gives the history of that point. It's also Speed I & Speed II, Turning Gear, Motor Forward common to store additional metadata with tags, such as the Operation, Emergency Stop: To Stop turbine Immediately for path to a field device or PLC register, design time comments, Any Emergency Situation, Mode of Fuel Control: Follow and alarm information. Up & Remote Control Mode, Fuel Flow: Manual Plunger, Fuel Control Valve: You can see % opening of the Fuel IV. SCADA SIMULATION control valve, Turbine RPM Gauges, Digital Meter for parameters like : Pressure, Temperature, Torque, Power A SCADA simulation of a Thermal power plant developed Turbine Start/ Stop Status, Preconditions Check Window, using LabVIEW data logging and supervisory control (DSC) System Alarms module has capacity to supervise the operation and data acquisition. A simulation has capacity for supervising a plant A. Supervision of Turbine operation. The SCADA system's databases and software This screen shows the turbine in which we are showing 4 programs, to provide trending, diagnostic data, and parameters to display Temperature, Pressure, Torque, Speed. management information such as scheduled maintenance To engage and disengaged the turbine from alternate by
SPECIAL ISSUE IJAECS 2014 ICMSET PROCEEDINGS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Approved by CSIR-NISCAIR ISSN NO: 2277-7318 PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (ICMSET-2014) 15th - 16th FEBRUARY, 2014
Figure 5. Simulation of Power Distrubution & Control system
B. Supervision of Cooling Water System: The purpose of a cooling system is to transfer heat from one source or medium to another. In a cooling system with a cooling tower, cool water is pumped away from the cooling Figure 3. Simulation of Thermal Power Plant tower and is circulated through hot equipment (usually . through a separate piping system in a heat exchanger). A heat exchange occurs the equipment is cooled, and the water from the cooling tower becomes Warmer. The warmed water then returns back to the cooling tower. In the cooling tower the warmed water is sprayed downward, and air is blown upward with a fan. As the warm water droplets contact the air, some of the water droplets evaporate, and the air absorbs the heat released from this evaporation—thereby lowering the temperature of the remaining water.
Figure 4. Simulation of Turbine
which we can run the alternator in neutral mode.
Supervision of Power Distribution & Control System Check the electrical power parameters: Current, Voltage, Frequency, and Load. Control of the generator circuit breakers. Checks of the battery. Monitor the Generator Loading as per the change in full load. He able to change the full load on that basis he can control the power distribution Figure 6. Simulation of Cooling Water System and able to save the power. SPECIAL ISSUE IJAECS 2014 ICMSET PROCEEDINGS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Approved by CSIR-NISCAIR ISSN NO: 2277-7318 PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (ICMSET-2014) 15th - 16th FEBRUARY, 2014 C. Supervision of Pump Operation System within secure spaces, All components can be tested and From Main Screen Trainee can switch to Pump Operation maintained without interrupting the mission. Screen by clicking the PUMP CONTROL icon. Trainee able B. Construction: to operate the Pump in Manual Mode. In Auto Mode he can The objective of the construction stage is to install and monitor the Status of the Pump as it is in ON or OFF state. place into operation the SCADA system hardware and software in compliance with the design documents. All changes should be documented on an ongoing basis, and design documents kept current, rather than leaving this to an end-of-project “as-built drawings” task. Operations data should be assembled and reviewed during the construction process and must be complete prior. C. Commissioning: The objective of the commissioning stage is to obtain formal verification that the installed SCADA system complies with and performs in accordance with the design intent as defined commissioning in the Design Basis and the detailed design documents. Key aspects of commissioning include: (1) Preparation of a commissioning plan (2) Factory acceptance testing of PLC hardware and software (3) Integrity testing of installed devices and conductors Figure 7. Simulation of Pump Operation System (4) Instrument calibration and loop verification (5) Preparation and review of test procedures V. DEVELOPMENT OF SEQUENCES OF OPERATION (6) Functional performance testing Sequences of operation would include the following (7) Verification of physical and minimum information: information/network security provision (1) Manual and automatic control modes (2) Normal system conditions and modes of operation VI. CONCLUSION (3) Contingency conditions and modes of operation This paper shows that by the use of supervisory control (4) Effect of all operator controls and data acquisition (SCADA) we integrate hole power plant (5) Description of all interlocks and permissive in a system. The condition of power plant are monitored and (6) Identification of failure state of all outputs. can be seen in a control room the SCADA provides A. Design: supervisory on whole power plant, reducing human efforts The objective of the design stage is to translate the design along with automation of total power plant. We can also basis document into a system design and document the control the task of turbine speed control which is practically design clearly and completely so that it can be constructed impossible with human operation thus we use the SCADA properly, commissioned completely, and operated and system automatic operation for easy control. maintained reliably and efficiently. The primary criteria for design documents should be completeness of detail and VII. REFERENCES clarity of design intent. The system should be fully designed during this stage, where careful review can take [1] Lakhoua M.N. , Application of Functional Analyasis on place, rather than leaving details to be “worked out” in the SCADA System of a Thermal Power Plant, Advance in field during construction and commissioning. Development Electrical and Computer Engineering journal, Issue No2 (2009) of a system architecture schematic or block-diagram [2] Bindu Pillai, Development of Supervisory Control and Data drawing, Analyze the proposed architecture to verify it Acquisition system for Laboratory Based Mini Thermal Power Plant using LabVIEW, International Journal of Emerging meets the RAM criteria, All symbols, abbreviations and line Technology and Advanced Engineering types are clearly defined, Layout of operator controls and [3] Wiles J., Techno Security's Guide to Securing SCADA: A indicators and HMI screens has been clearly specified for Comprehensive Handbook On Protecting The Critical human factors considerations, Control equipment is located Infrastructure, Elsevier, (2008).
SPECIAL ISSUE IJAECS 2014 ICMSET PROCEEDINGS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Approved by CSIR-NISCAIR ISSN NO: 2277-7318 PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (ICMSET-2014) 15th - 16th FEBRUARY, 2014 [4] M. N. Lakhoua, SCADA applications in thermal power plants, international Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 5(6), pp. 1175-1182, June2010 [5] Bindu Pillai, Vishal Mehta, Nilam Patel , Devlopment of SCADA for Laboratory Based Mini Thermal Power Plant using LabVIEW, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering. (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2012) [6] Bailey D., Wright E., Practical SCADA for Industrial , Elsevier, (2003). [7] Clarke G., Reynders D., Wright E., Practical modern SCADA Preotocols, Elsevier, (2003). [8] Ozdemir E., Karacor M., Mobile phone based SCADA for industrial automation, ISA Transactions, Volume 45, Number 1,(2006). [9] Changling L, Boon-Teck O (2006). Frequency deviation of thermal Power plants due to wind farms, IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion. 21(3): 708-716 [10] Baily D, Wright E, Practical SCADA for Industry, Elsevier journal of Process Plant, May2003.