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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) was developed by California division of highways as
a method of classifying and evaluating soil-sub-grade and base course materials for
flexible pavements. The CBR test is currently used in pavement design for both roads and
airfield pavement. In some methods CBR is used directly and in some others it is
converted to Resilient Modulus MR using relationships.
The laboratory CBR Test measures the shearing resistance of a crushed aggregate or soil
under controlled moisture and density conditions. The test yields bearing ration number
that is applicable for the state of crushed aggregates or soil as tested. The CBR is obtained
as the ratio of the unit stress required of effect a certain depth of penetration of the
piston(1935mm) into a compacted specimen of crushed aggregate or soil at some water
and density to the standard unit stress required to obtain the same depth of penetration on
a standardsample of crushed stone. Thus,
The CBR is usually base on the load ratio for penetration of 2-5mm. if the CBR value at
the penetration of 5.0mm is larger , the test should be repeated. If a test yields a larger
value of CBR at 5.0 mm penetration then this larger value should be adopted. The CBR
test are usually made on test specimens at optimum moisture content (OMC) for the
crushed aggregate or soil as determined from modified compaction test.
CBR is used to rate the performances of soils used as bases and sub grade. The following
tables gives typical rating:
2.0 OBJECTIVE
To determine the CBR value of the given crushed aggregate/soil sample
3.0 APPARATUS
6. Clamp the mould to the base plate, attach the extension collar and weight. Insert
the spacer disk into the mould and place a coarse filter paper on the top of the disk.
7. Compact the aggregate /soil water mixture into the world in 3 equal layers to give
a height of 127 mm compact each layer in the 10 blows, 30 blows and 65 blows
for each sample.
5.0 CALCULATION
CBR:
Plot the load deformation curve for each specimen. In some cases the initial penetration
takes place without a proportional increase in the resistance to penetration and the curve
may be concave upward. To obtain the true stress-strain relationships, correct the curve
having concave upward shape near the origin by adjusting the location of the origin by
extending the straight the portion of the stress strain curve down ward until it intersects
with x-axis.
Determine the corrected load values at 2.5mm and 5.0 mm and determine the CBR by the
following relationship
Dry Density:
Weight of the empty mould = A gm
Weight of the mould + soil = B gm
Volume of soil sample = V
B−A
Weight density, γ = V
Water content w
γ
Dry Density, γd = 1+w
Plot the CBR vs Dry density and determine the CBR at 95% of maximum dry density and
repeat this value of CBR.
60
50
40
CBR (%)
30
20
10
0
1.83 2.02 2.13
Dry Density (gm/cm^3)
Sample No.1
1.472
𝐶𝐵𝑅1 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑢𝑘𝑎𝑛 2.5𝑚𝑚 = × 100% = 11.15%
13.2
3.818
𝐶𝐵𝑅2 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑢𝑘𝑎𝑛 5.0𝑚𝑚 = × 100% = 19.09%
20
Sample No.2
3.680
𝐶𝐵𝑅1 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑢𝑘𝑎𝑛 2.5𝑚𝑚 = × 100% = 27.88%
13.2
12.282
𝐶𝐵𝑅2 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑢𝑘𝑎𝑛 5.0𝑚𝑚 = × 100% = 61.41%
20
∴ CBR for sample no.2 is 61.41%
Sample No.3
0.69
𝐶𝐵𝑅1 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑢𝑘𝑎𝑛 2.5𝑚𝑚 = × 100% = 5.23%
13.2
8.004
𝐶𝐵𝑅2 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑢𝑘𝑎𝑛 5.0𝑚𝑚 = × 100% = 40.02%
20
(𝐖𝟏−𝐖𝟐)
Wet density γ = 𝐕
Sample 1
20850 𝑔 − 16550 𝑔
𝛾= = 1.95 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3
2208.93 𝑐𝑚3
Sample 2
21450 𝑔 − 16700 𝑔
𝛾= = 2.15 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3
2208.93 𝑐𝑚3
Sample 3
21700 𝑔 − 16800 𝑔
𝛾= = 2.22 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3
2208.93 𝑐𝑚3
(𝐁 − 𝐂)
𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭, 𝐖% = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
(𝐂 − 𝐀)
Sample 1
101.70 − 97.40
𝑊% = × 100% = 6.30%
97.40 − 29.10
Sample 2
111.20 − 106.70
𝑊% = × 100% = 6.44%
106.70 − 36.80
Sample 3
72.10 − 70.70
𝑊% = × 100% = 4.23%
70.70 − 37.60
𝜸
Dry Density, 𝜸𝒅 = (𝟏+𝑾)
Sample 1
Penetration Load
(mm)
1.95
𝛾𝑑 = 6.30
= 1.83 𝑔𝑚/𝑐𝑚3
[1 + ( 100 )]
Sample 2
2.15
𝛾𝑑 = 6.44
= 2.02 𝑔𝑚/𝑐𝑚3
[1 + ( 100 )]
Sample 3
2.22
𝛾𝑑 = 4.23
= 2.13 𝑔𝑚/𝑐𝑚3
[1 + ( 100 )]
Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
18
16
14
12
sample 1
10
sample 2
8 sample 3
6
0
0 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7
6.0 REFERENCES
i. California bearing ratio (CBR) is used to rate the performances of soils used as bases
and sub grade as translate its strength in numerical form after compaction work done.
Therefore, the value is the degree of compaction of a bases and subgrade.
ii. In compaction theory, as we know that compaction work can be done efficiently
based on optimum moisture. To get the percentage of water content, proctor test need
to do for the sample with different water content. The same theory apply in CBR
value, value of water content can show the most optimal degree of compaction for
subgrade to get the highest value of CBR.
iii. If the soil too dry, it is not suitable for pavement construction because the soil will be
fragile into small pieces.
iv. Based on graph CBR against dry density, we can see that the highest CBR value is
when the optimum dry density
vii. In CBR test, we can get that when the load increase, the penetration to sample also
increase
viii. Even though we get two different value of CBR for every sample which is 11.05%
and 19.09% for sample 1, 27.88% and 61.41% for sample 2 also 5.23% and 40.02%
for sample 3, we just take the biggest value of CBR for every sample. Therefore, CBR
value for sample 1, sample 2 and sample 3 are 19.09%, 61.41% and 40.02%
respectively
8.0 CONCLUSION
In this experiment, we can see that CBR value at the penetration of 5.0 mm is larger than
CBR value at penetration of 2.5mm. CBR value for this experiment is 19.09% for sample
1, 61.41% for sample 2 and 40.02% for sample 3.CBR value upper than 20% can be
considered as base and sub-base. Therefore, sample 2 and sample 3 are suitable for design
pavement with the rating excellence and good.