CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of

data in relation to the specific problems rose in Chapter 1. The data discussed

cover 3 parts of the study. These are: (1) the profile of the respondents; (2)

level of knowledge of traffic enforcers on the health risk they encountered; and

(3) significant relationship between knowledge of the respondents regarding

occupational health risk they encountered.

Profile of the Respondents

Table 1 on the next page presents the data on the profile of the

respondents in terms of sex, age, civil status, highest educational attainment,

and number of years in service, with the corresponding frequency count and

percentage equivalent.

Sex. The data shows that 100 percent of the respondents were males,

which indicates that the most common traffic enforcers are dominated by the

male gender.

As such, this is supported by the study of Baja (2016) which shows that

traffic enforcers that acquire cardiovascular diseases, either not hypertensive or

hypertensive, and smoking or non-smoking, majority are male traffic enforcers.

 Table 1
Profile of the Respondents showing Frequencies and Percentage
n=20
Profile Variable Categories Frequencies Percentage
Male 20 100.0
Sex Female 0 0.0
18-28y/o 1 5.0
29-39y/o 9 45.0
40-50y/o 10 50.0
Age 51-61y/o 0 0.0
Single 4 20.0
Separated 0 0.0
Married 16 80.0
Civil Status Widow/er 0 0.0
No Formal Education 0 0.0
Elementary Level 0 0.0
Elementary Graduate 0 0.0
High School Level 1 5.0
High School Graduate 0 0.0
Highest College Level 5 25.0
Educational College Graduate 14 70.0
Attainment Others 0 0.0
Less than 1 year 0 0.0
1-5 years 3 15.0
6-10 years 9 45.0
11-15 years 8 40.0
Number of Years in 16-20 years 0 0.0
Service 20 years above 0 0.0

Age. In terms of age, majority of the traffic enforcers of Urdaneta City

were in ages 40-50 years old with a frequency of 10 or 50 perccent; this is

followed by 29-39 years old (9 or 45 percent); 18-28 years old with a frequency

of 1 or 5 percent. This implies that the majority of the respondents were middle-

aged people. This was supported by the study of Baja (2016), which with the
age of 35 and above, they may possess characteristics that make them

vulnerable to health problems.

Civil Status. It could be seen on the table that majority of the

respondents are married, with a frequency of 16 or 80 percent; followed by

single with a frequency of 4 or 20 percent. This is supported by the report of

Metro Manila Development Authority (2016) that majority of traffic enforcers are

married, and that being exposed to different kinds of pollution that may increase

the risk of emerging respiratory conditions make their family become worried

and anxious.

Highest Educational Attainment. In terms of educational attainment,

the table shows that majority of the respondents are college graduate with a

frequency of 14 or 70 percent; followed by college level with 5 or 25 percent;

and high school level with a frequency of 1 or 5 percent. This is supported by the

report of Metro Manila Development Authority (2016) that many traffic enforcers

had the knowledge about on how to protect themselves from getting

cardiopulmonary diseases since many of them, according to MMDA report,

entered college.

Numbers of Years in the Service. In terms of number of years in the

service, majority of the respondents are working 6-10 years which accounts 9 or

45 percent; followed by 8 or 40 percent; and 1-5 years which is 3 or 15 percent.

This is supported by the study of Stratford (2017) that emphasized the

speculations on long term exposure to traffic fumes which could cause lung

cancer and that many of the traffic enforcers are in the service for almost 10

years.

Table 2

Level of Knowledge of the Respondents on the Health Risk They

Encountered Along Respiratory System
n=20
I know that/ I am aware that: WM DE TR
1.Traffic pollution triggers asthma attack. 3.70 K Often
2 Traffic pollution irritates airway lining which leads to
coughing 3.70 K Often
and wheezing.
3.Chronic exposure to environmental pollution may cause
lung 3.55 K Often
cancer
4.Traffic pollution contributes to the creation of new cases of Sometime
3.10 MK
adult bronchitis s
5.The most direct heath effect of traffic fumes is increased
3.50 K Often
difficulty in breathing
Overall Weighted Mean 3.51 K Often

As observed on the Table 2, the traffic enforcers of Urdaneta City have an

overall weighted mean of 3.51 interpreted as “Knowledgable” in terms of the

level of knowledge on the health risk they encountered along respiratory system.

Table 3

Level of Knowledge of the Respondents on the Health Risk They

Encountered Along Cardiovascular System
n=20
I know that/ I am aware that: WM DE TR
1. Particulates can contribute to hardening of blood vessels Sometime
3.05 MK
(particularly coronary arteries) s
2.Hardening of blood vessels lead to hypertension. Sometime
2.95 MK
s
3.Chronic hypertension makes you more susceptible to Sometime
3.25 MK
cerebrovascular accident or stroke. s
4.Particulates can contribute abnormal heartbeat Sometime
2.95 MK
s
5.Prolong exposure to particulates trigger heart attack. Sometime
2.85 MK
s
Sometime
Overall Weighted Mean 2.98 MK
s

As witnessed on the Table 3, in terms of the level of knowledge on the

health risk they encountered along cardiovascular system, traffic enforcers of

Urdaneta City have an overall weighted mean of 2.98 interpreted as “Moderately

Knowledgable”.

Table 4

Level of Knowledge of the Respondents on the Health Risk They

Encountered Along Integumentary System
n=20
I know that/ I am aware that: WM DE TR
1.The pollutants cause premature aging of the skin 3.80 K Often
2.Pollution can cause skin allergies, pigmentation, eczema and
3.80 K Often
even acne.
3.Pollution damages skin as it clog the skin pores which
Sometime
resulting 3.15 MK
s
in a rough skin texture
4. Prolong exposure to sunlight causes skin dryness due to Sometime
2.90 MK
dehydration s
5.Prolong exposure to ultraviolet radiation causes skin cancer. 3.50 K Often
Overall Weighted Mean Sometime
3.43 MK
s

Traffic enforcers of Urdaneta City have an overall weighted mean of 3.43

interpreted as “Moderately Knowledgable”, which can be seen on Table 4, in

terms of the level of knowledge on the health risk they encountered along

integumentary system.
 Table 5

Level of Knowledge of the Respondents on the Health Risk They

Encountered Along Gastrointestinal Tract
n=20
I know that/ I am aware that: WM DE TR
1. Fine particles trigger inflammation in the bowel. Sometime
2.65 MK
s
2. Tiny airborne particles increase the rate of bowel disease Sometime
2.90 MK
s
3. Particulate matter alters the normal composition of normal
Sometime
flora 3.15 MK
s
of the gastrointestinal tract
4. Altered composition of normal flora of the gastrointestinal
tract 3.55 K Often
makes you more susceptible of having gastric ulcers
5. Chronic alteration of the normal flora may develop to
Sometime
colorectal 3.30 MK
s
and gastric cancer.
Overall Weighted Mean Sometime
3.11 MK
s

In terms of the level of knowledge of the respondents on the health risk

they encountered along gastrointestinal tract, as observed on the Table 5, traffic

enforcers of Urdaneta City have an overall weighted mean of 3.11 interpreted as

“Moderately Knowledgable”.

Table 6

Level of Knowledge of the Respondents on the Health Risk They

Encountered Along Genitourinary Tract
n=20
I know that/ I am aware that: WM DE TR
1. Prolong exposure to traffic pollution impairs spermatogenesis Sometime
2.75 MK
s
2. Exposure to elevated temperature reduces semen velocity 2.85 MK Sometime
 s
3. Occupational exposure to traffic pollution reduces semen Sometime
2.95 MK
quality s
4. I am susceptible to develop renal disease (e.g. renal stones) Sometime
3.10 MK
s
5. I am prone to urinary tract infection due to refraining Sometime
2.90 MK
urination. s
Overall Weighted Mean Sometime
2.91 MK
s

As observed on the Table 2, the traffic enforcers of Urdaneta City

have an overall weighted mean of 2.91 interpreted as “Moderately

Knowledgable” in terms of the level of knowledge on the health risk they

encountered along genitourinary tract.

Table 7

Summary of the Respondent’s Level of Knowledge on Health Risk They

Encountered
n=20
AWM DE TR
Respiratory System 3.51 K Often
Cardiovascular System 2.98 MK Sometimes
Integumentary System 3.43 MK Sometimes
Gastrointestinal Tract 3.11 MK Sometimes
Genitourinary Tract 2.91 MK Sometimes
Overall Weighted Mean 3.19 MK Sometimes

Table 8 on the succeeding page presents the result of the T-test or

ANOVA test on the significant difference between the knowledge of the

respondents on the health risk they encountered along their profile variables.

Table 8

ANOVA or T-test
Profile Variables Categories N Mean For T- Sig Remarks
 value or f-
value
Sex Male 20 3.1180 -
Female 0
Age 18-28 y/o 1 3.4800 1.033 .377 Not Sig
29-39 y/o 9 3.3467
40-50 y/o 10 3.0160
51-61 y/o 0
Civil Status Single 4 3.3100 .242 .629 Not Sig
Separated 0
Married 16 3.1575
Widow/er 0
Highest Educational No Formal
Attainment
0 95.625 .000 Sig
Education
Elementary Level 0
Elementary
0
Graduate
High School Level 1 1.0000
High School
0
Graduate
College Level 5 3.1760
College Graduate 14 3.3486
Others 0
Number of Years in
Service Less than 1 year 0 1.865 .185 Not Sig
1-5 years 3 3.4800
6-10 years 9 3.3289
11-15 years 8 2.9200
16-20 years 0
20 years above 0

In standings of sex, as could be seen on Table 8, 100 percent of the

respondents are males; thereby, there is no significance. However, in terms of

age,
 Table 9

Pearson Correlation
Profile Variables Pearson Correlation Overall
Pearson Correlation -
Sex Sig. (2-tailed) -
Remarks No Significance
Pearson Correlation -.322
Age Sig. (2-tailed) .166
Remarks Not Significant
Pearson Correlation -.115
Civil Status Sig. (2-tailed) .629
Remarks Not Significant
Pearson Correlation .851
Highest Educational
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
Attainment
Remarks Significant
Pearson Correlation -.408
Number of Years in
Sig. (2-tailed) .074
Service
Remarks Not Significant
 Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of this investigation with the findings

made. It also presents the conclusions drawn and the recommendations offered.

SUMMARY

This study attempted to determine the health risk encountered by traffic

enforcers including the level of knowledge of the respondents. With the use of

the descriptive survey method of research and the questionnaire as the data

gathering tool, this study sought to determine the (a) profile of the respondents

in terms of the following variables: sex, age, civil status, highest educational

attainment, and number of years in service; (b) level of knowledge of traffic

enforcers on the health risk they encountered along: respiratory system,

cardiovascular system, integumentary system, gastrointestinal tract, and

genitourinary tract; (c) significant relationship between the knowledge of the

respondents on the health risk they encountered along their profile variables.

The respondents of this study were 20 traffic enforcers of Urdaneta City,

Pangasinan chosen through purposive type of sampling using CHUCHU

FORMULA.

The following tools for data analysis were used to answer the problems:

frequency, percentage, weighted mean, t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).

 FINDINGS

Majority of the respondents (20 or 100 percent) were males