533903-12-14P AID: 1825 | 20/10/2017

Refer Table 12.2 in the textbook for NMR properties of different brain tissues.

Consider the expression for the magnitude of transverse magnetization.

t

M xy  t   M SS sin  e e j T2

TR
 t
1 e T1 
M xy  t   M 0 TR
sin  e T2
…… (1)

1  cos  e T1

Here,
TR

1 e T1
e j is an excitation term and it is known as TR
, and

1  cos  e T1

M SS  M 0 .


Consider the value of pulse  as . The signal is measured just after excitation.
2
Therefore, the value of t is zero.

Substitute for  and 0 for t in equation (1).
2
TR

  
0
1 e T1
M xy  t   M 0 sin   e T2
   2
TR

1  cos   e T1
2
TR

1 e T1
 M0

TR 11
1   0 e T1

 T
 R 
 M 0 1  e T1 
 
 

Consider the expression of local contrast between GM and CSF.

M xy  M xy
C CSF GM

M xy
CSF
TR TR
 
e T1CSF
e T1GM
C TR
…… (2)

1 e T1CSF

Here,
TR

M xy e T1CSF
CSF
TR

M xy e T1GM
GM

The contrast in equation (1) is monotonically decreasing function of TR . Therefore, better

value of the contrast can be obtained by the lower value of TR . However, It is not
possible to have an arbitrarily low TR . It has to be approximately in the range of T1 to
permit a reasonable decay. The value of T1 for gray matter (GM) tissue type from Table
12.2 is 760 ms. Therefore, the good contrast can be obtained by using TR  T1GM as 760
ms.

Thus, the best value of TR is 760 ms .

(b)

From Table 12.2, the value of T1 for white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal (CSP) are 510
ms and 2,650 ms respectively.

Substitute 760 ms for TR , 2,650 ms for T1CSP , and 760 ms for T1GM in equation ().
760ms 760ms
 
e 2,650ms
e 760ms
C 760ms

1 e 2,650ms

Write the expression of local contrast between GM and WM.

TR TR
 
e T1WM
e T1GM
C TR
…… ()

1 e T1WM

Substitute 760 ms for TR , 510 ms for T1WM , and 760 ms for T1GM in equation ().
760ms 760ms
 
e 510ms
e 760ms
C 760ms

1 e 510ms

Thus, the local contrast between GM and CSF is and the local contrast between GM and
WM is .