CONFIDENTIAL

UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology

FINAL EXAMINATION
SEPTEMBER 2013 SESSION

SUBJECT CODE LEB30303

SUBJECT TITLE ELECTRO-TECHNIQUE 2

LEVEL BACHELOR

TIME I DURATION 02.00 PM - 05.00 PM I 3 HOURS

DATE 30 DECEMBER 2013

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Please read the instructions given in the question paper CAREFULLY.

2. This question paper is printed on both sides of the paper.
3. Please write your answers on the answer booklet provided.
4. Answer should be written in blue or black ink except for sketching, graphic and
illustration.
5. Answer FOUR (4) questions only
6. Answer all questions in English.

THERE ARE 6 PAGES OF QUESTIONS, EXCLUDING THIS PAGE.

SEPTEMBER 2013 CONFIDENTIAL

INSTRUCTION: Answer FOUR (4) questions

Please use the answer booklet provided.

Question 1

(a) As an engineer, you were requested to purchase and replace a power transformer in
a ship. In order to determine the specification of the new transformer, you need to
perform two (2) tests. Define the two tests and draw their equivalent circuit and type
of losses measured.
(10 marks)

(b) The following characteristics of single phase transformer has been given by
manufacturer :
Frequency, f=50 Hz.
Apparent power, S=100kVA. RMS primary voltage: 20.0kV
RMS secondary voltage (no-load): 41 OV
Iron losses, at primary nominal voltage: 0.21 kW.
Copper losses, at full load: 2.15kW.
Short circuit RMS voltage: 4.0% of the nominal RMS voltage at primary (This
is a primary RMS voltage which allow to get RMS secondary current in short
circuit equal to nominal RMS secondary current)

For an inductive load with power factor 0.80:

Voltage drop at secondary at full load: 3. 75%.
Full load efficiency: 97.0%.

The transformer is in full load when RMS secondary current is nominal.

i. Calculate current nominal at primary and secondary.
ii. Calculate the secondary RMS voltage at full load for an inductive load with
power factor 0.80.
iii. To verify the characteristic given by manufacturer, calculate the efficiency by
using separate losses method for an inductive load with power factor 0.80.
Compare the value given by manufacture and give your comment.
iv. Propose a complete equivalent model for this transformer, looked from
secondary. Determine the value of RS and XS of this transformer.(RS and XS
are the total resistance and reactance of transformer looked from secondary).
(15 marks)

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Question 2

A rotating alternating machine can perform as a generator and motor. Figure 1 below show a
three phase electrical wiring with delta connection for a three phase synchronous generator.
This is a three poles generator with wiring combination of A-A 1, B-81 and C-C1. At any time,
the pole, as example A-A 1 will change the pole north-south and south-north. The change of
pole is due to the polarity and the value of applied voltage.

Figure 1: Three phase electrical wiring with delta connection.

Figure 2 below show the three phase supply which will be connecting to the stator of the
synchronous motor.

Figure 2: Sine wave of three phase supply

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(a) Analyse the two (2) figures above, by using the two (2) figures, explain the role of
stator in generating a rotating magnetic field.
(1 0 marks)

(b) The current in the coil produces magnetic field intensity. Define the current and
magnetic field density produced in the three coils.
(5 marks)

(c) The resulting of the magnetic field density are the magnetic flux intensities in the
three coils. Define the magnetic flux intensities for the three coils.
(5 marks)

(d) From your answer in c., deduce the total magnetic flux density (Bnet) when wt=O" and
wt=90". Use cosine rule to verify your answer.
(5 marks)

Question 3

SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE

(a) Assume that the generator's field current is adjusted so that the generator supplies
rated voltage at the rated load current and power factor. If the field current and the
magnitude of the load current are held constant at all time. The terminal voltage VT
changed in the function of power factor or load.

i. Analyse the value of terminal voltage, VT, if power factor is 0.85 lagging.
(4 marks)

ii. Analyse the value of terminal voltage VT, if the power factor is unity.
(4 marks)

iii. Analyse the value of terminal voltage VT, if the power factor is 0.85 leading.
(4 marks)

Your analyses must include the phasor diagram of the terminal voltage, generated
voltage and voltage drop across load being supplied by this generator. Prove the
formula for EA by using Theorem Phytogoras and finally deduce the formula for VT.

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(b) Synchronous Motor

(c)
We consider studying a synchronous machine with 4 poles. This machine supplied
by a three phase power supply with variable frequency f. The maximum line voltage
is 1max=30A, the nominal phase voltage, V=230V.

i. Calculate the range variation of frequency of variable power supply, if the speed
varies from 0 to 1500rpm.
ii. The synchronous reactance Xs, has been estimated. For the maximum speed,
the value of X8 =0.150. Deduce the value of synchronous inductance, Ls.

iii. Represent the single phase equivalent circuit with the receptor. (Neglect the
phase resistance of the machine).

iv. Given KVL V = E + jX8 T. Represent the phasor diagram by referring to the
equivalent circuit in iii. For that purpose, the motor absorb a current I lagging the
phase voltage V. We note that 8 is the angle between the electromagnetic force
E and phase voltage V. The magnitude E is equal to the magnitude V. Mean that,
the length E is equal to the length V. This is an Isosceles Triangle.

Note: Properties of Isosceles Triangle

A Definition: A triangle is isosceles if two of its sides are
equal.

Theorem: Let ABC be an isosceles triangle with AB = AC.

Let M denote the midpoint of BC (i.e., M is the point on BC
for which MB = MC). Then

c (a) Triangle ABM is congruent to triangle ACM.

M (b) Angle ABC= Angle ACB (base angles are equal)
(c) Angle AMB =Angle AMC =right angle.
B
(d) d) Angle BAM =angle CAM

v. The angle cD is equal to the angle BAM or CAM, if we refer to the above
properties. Define the relation between angle 8 and cD. Construct a formula for
power absorb by the motor in function of V, Xs and cD.
Note: Use trigonometry identities:
sin28 = 2sin8cos8
cos 28 = cos 2 8- sin 2 8 = 2 cos 2 8 -1 = 1- 2sin 2 8
2tan8
tan 28 =-=-;-..
1-tan 2 8
(13 marks)

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Question 4

(a) In rotating electrical machine (asynchronous and synchronous machine), there exist
a rotating magnetic field which produce by stator winding. In the case of
asynchronous or induction motor, is the motor run in a synchronous speed? Analyse
the situation and justify your answer.
(4 marks)

(b) A 280 two poles, 60 Hz Y-connected wound rotor induction motor is rated at 15 hp.
Its equivalent circuit components are:
R1=0.20 R2=0.12 0
X 1=0.410 X 2=0.41 0
Pmec= 250W Pmisc:::: 0 Pcore=180W

For a slip 5%, find:

L The line current IL.
iL The stator copper losses PscL-
iiL The air gap power PAG·
iv. The power converted from electrical to mechanical form Pconv·
v. The induced torque T;nd·
vi. The load torque T;oad-
viL The overall efficiency
viii. The motor speed in revolution per minute and radians per second.

(15 marks)

(c) Equivalent circuit is a method to study and analyse the electrical characteristic of
electrical machines. Both induction/asynchronous motor and transformer has the
same equivalent circuit, represent the equivalent circuit of induction/asynchronous
motor and transformer. Analyse the equivalent circuit and give your conclusion.
(6 marks)

Question 5

(a) Two tests have been performed on a single phase transformer

On no-load; V, = V,N = 380V;f = 50Hz:V2v = 50V;J;v = 670W ;IlV = 0.76A
On direct current ay primary: V, = L39V;l1= L45A
On short circuit; l 28c = l 2N = 42A;U1sc = 16V;J;8c =?OW

The transformer is considered perfect for when all the currents are in the nominal
value. (Kapp approximation)

L Determine the transformation ratio at no-load and the number of turns at

secondary if the number of turns at primary is 500 turns.

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ii. Verify that copper losses in open circuit test are negligible from the value of ~v.
Prove that ~vis the value of iron loss.

iii. Assuming that the iron losses are proportional to the square of the voltage at
primary. Verify that it is negligible from the value of ~sc in short circuit test.
Prove that ~sc is the value of copper loss.

iv. At nominal load type inductive and for power factor cos¢, = 0.8, the voltage
drop represent 4% of the secondary voltage at no-load.
1. Calculate nominal secondary voltage.
2. Calculate the nominal active power for an inductive load with cos ¢2 = 0.8 .
3.. Calculate the efficiency of this transformer.

v. Represent the equivalent circuit of this transformer looked from secondary, and
calculate the numerical value of all parameters such as; no-load voltage
(V2 v ), R 8 , Z 8 ,and X 8
(1 0 marks)

(b) Synchronous motor has been choosing in the some specific area of application, and
sometimes the use of synchronous motor is a must in a specific application. Define
the five (5) advantages of synchronous motor.
(5 marks)

(c) A three phase alternator has been installing in STAR connection. It produces a
supply frequency of 50Hz when rotor turn at speed n=1 000 rpm.

i. Calculate the number of poles of rotor.

ii. Given the Kapp coefficient K=2.2, the number of conductor N=300 and the
maximum flux for one pole, <ll=BmWb. Calculate the emf of EPN· The relation
is E=KNf ¢.
iii. The resistance in the winding of this alternator is neglected. Represent the
model of single phase of this alternator.
iv. We connect at the output with a resistive load. The value of current across
this load, 1=1 OA. Determine the value of V. State the relation vectorial for the
voltage in the model of single phase.
v. Calculate the apparent power of this alternator.
(10 marks)

END OF QUESTION

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