31 Januari 2018

Measuremnet of Altitude
The Earth’s atmospheric and characteristics
- The atmospheric pressure at mean sea-level is equal to 1013.25 mb or 29.92l in Hg;
- The weight will have the tecreased and the pressure exerted at these levels are found to be
12.2, 10.1 and 8.3 lb/in2 rspectively. At the tropospause the pressure falls to about a quarter
of its sea-level value.
- The temp at mean sea level is 15’c (59’f)
- The air temp decrease by 1.98 for every 1000 ft increase in altitude “lapse rate” from 15’c at
mean se a- level
Two principal methods of measuring the pressure of the atmospheric :
1. Balancing of pressure againts the weight of a clomn of liquid againts the weight of a clomn of
liquid (mercury barometer)
2. .............(Aneroid/barometric) have adjustment knob untuk mengatur pemilihan press
diafraghm.

Aneroid Barometer
The aneroid capsule expands and contracts with changes in air pressure.
Air inside in aneroid capsule standard 14,7 psi.......
Catatan tambahan : ALC ( altitude level change ) membatasi pilot agar mengubah altimeter
pembacaan agar tidak salah pada ketinggian tertentu dan sesuai bandaranya masing2, dengan cara
mengejust adjustment knob.

Altimeter Dial Presentations

- Triple pointer altimeter
Kollsman window, jendela untuk menampilkan pressure in small window. Rnage of scale is from
28.00 to 31.00
Rotating knob changes both the barometric scale and the altimeter pointers in such a way the
change in the barometric scale....
Crosshatch flag below 10000 ft a striped segment is visible.
- Single pointer and drum altimeter
A drum type counter can be driven by the altimeter’s aneroid
 For numerical display altitude
 Each mark represents 20 feet
 Each number represents 100 ft
 One revolution for every 1000 ft

Servo Altimeter
Pressure sensing capsules are coupled mechanically to an electrical E and I pick-off assembly,and any
movement of the aneroid capsules is transmitted through linkage to the I bar of the E and inductive
pick-up (transducer).
Catatan tambahan : ada cabin altimeter untuk mengitung ketinggian cabin pesawat.

Cabin Altimeter
Simple altimeter, calibrated to the same pressure/altitude law as normal altimeters, are provided on
the main instrument panel, oron the pressurization system control panel, their measuring elements
responding directly to the prevailling cabin air pressure.
 Altimeter setting
The altimeteris a calibration unit because the aneroid barometr cannot differentiate actual attitude
cahnges and cahnges in th barometric press of the air mass itself.
 Barometric press is visible in a small
 ..
 There re three specific altimeter settig with which we should all be familiar.
QNH ( sea levle press ) True altitude
(alttitude above sea level) set on altimeter, the altimeter will read press height above sea level ...
QFE ( field. Run way level press ) Absolute altitude
(height above aerodrome) QFE press varies from day to day, and from locations to location,
depending on atmospheric variations.
QNE (standard press) Press altitude
At all times when flying above the “transition altitude” (18000 ft) according to federal aviation rules.

Q code
Communication usd by pilot and air traffic control (ATC).
........

Altimeter Eror
 Errors due to changes in Atmospheric press and temp.
 Scale Error
 Hysteresis Eror
 After Effect Error
 Friction Error
 Case Leak Error
 Altimeter mus be tested every 24 months.
Catatan tambahan : takut terjadi eror pada altimeter, ketinggian pesawat juga dapat di
hitung oleh radio (radar) altimeter. Tapi Cuma bisa di pake 1000-2500 ft. Kenapa ? karena
kalo ketinggian pesawat dalam keadaan cepat, jadi lama nerima nya setelah mantul.