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Shocial articles Understanding Government Failure in Public Health Services High absenteeism, low quality in clinical care, fow satisfaction levels with care and rampant corruption plague public health services in Inca. This has Ted to misirust of the "stem and the rapid growth of private services. This paper devefops an analyticad Jramework to understand the status of healtheare in Indu Drawing. on & model of ‘Publi sector accounbilp: 11 argues that a weak voice and low accountability i the key binding constraint to efectve delivery rar Hos isa el sop ft hat he yt fp eve forte sees In ta ne Recent tes sh thigh shes, ow ant ca ‘ar sition ev wt are (ical ng wi ed {2 couney and ames) nd npn smupon pose he ‘Syaem [Cathay ca 2006 Da od Hanmer 20712 ‘stat ed ws of tr stom, amd eas fo Se she pvt oor and ead’ ples of ke epee ht ae 8s fad {by cre ats hip vrai (ram mach nee ‘mic ete th a pe is) "Xo pos cn de witht et dniig he rhe oveerreing be probit eae vera ts ‘ulcaa Tis pipe tars oceely tbl Pune witin which fo nun te une of healed Dring ead a puesta ts a ‘ed Fle al ow our Bevan ple Scrat poses een inthe soe te Ky Bg ‘Erin te dle "Taper rnc lows Sxon Tie wih same sory remarks sting te cn fords ofl Satie rl po) ea Sect et stan ‘Soomie aly tata ey pos nt athe ‘Sinn of pute cor scocay tag te taewar “eelpee Wirs Dcopmnt Rpt on ses ele (DR2001 tod wom este cuss “pent fare ea eos nd Secon TV coves et 1 Background and Basie Context Bef aren sos ete oe eather na, sore afen beech hl iat we fe oes Tema ens bckpana bbl provided has services Am nus Rh = ‘ent ty matin fr ih my fle ep ‘ew of het poly aogier Ts Incas sabe ae ronan Flea Waly Ober 6207 ws Ana, Suton Set ct tts og atin) sa teaion (ube ‘ested is tough Kowloon tse lee ad on) Beso hse mks detente tn a res ts urge rel Nod th fren epinr chn, fess lea an ale om elas tel wots ‘Scand th 8 fain hen fr be pes ta scx srmally iin te prow eth minster. The base ‘Econ twee pie bah se pi proves tee Pures rae fo pe hea = sing soh swamp aig an pai fr oosgees, ‘rac saps arson ive prom peers ‘cand hose Te re ef sces oasis Xia flom eines omale workes of keg eth wes specie male dca. The hi escton fs beten polypoid hace call anes in Inn nrg ae. Crea to pie pte een forth pore The ‘gly of tabs serves ig vated When prove ofalng thea ced wa pep, is ea fv ta rvs Rel Sie cng th mh Inge pate or This img so ues‘ [ieton od pb pley oa ees of pret The oth and fol 2 ton hat xt Deck cp tense proves pad yay er pet ‘Sis rad Toe gmc ple 3 ply Sand eases maragenat (acti whe med Sl re {lscae throne ms flow ep sal the Sines af ay nih coi Deson-maig 3 ahi ‘ovr ish at kas evel a payee aon {he patent an oy the onesie Te va ad ‘Se tambo pte hy a ert vot on hog “epiming”nyra in ich pet hp for epee ovo ore for pce seco) a at vast The ‘ot he ico converged oo wat a pj 8 4009 ref hes rhs scamstne Mary wes aoe fom cum lena tai prove Se pa ue Slant sales dca ne sand 1 By te te ibe econ wy hse sem el hem ‘chia ay hand pment Syne espa ‘tate permanoe bt mer nea pysics ‘ih eect Ut ener (inal a oe). ‘ea thn deren ih pt pase ae ent nd ena "thse yt ae ‘Set preva ect a sada Wass cay tude teat 0 enn impovencel ply povided betes” {Tete whe fr ne Lhe sve ded ut ve cnt ao ovis st pel a it evens gnvemmes he Be ally io Ink py 1 Penance "Wh thse core piss as bckpd, we ke a k aaa jr cashes hata poy We ho ej em ‘Sr ses of else sso fr ging govern. ali: Defining Broad Categories of Health Services move mat epee pecan oe ich Ee open oa wit os, We ly ply roves at arvzes ino to noo (GD Traditont pela ich beter dade (9) Ppnator hed pe lero Tas ce geste activites ike ses (pes) ean (eg amie "Sansa ping fr sg) tr pe an es Son Aa nporat acy grape etic ‘Meson an dscntton of tration aoa pope ‘i ath st. Thse geo guckrapose save Tee activa el er ad enti cola ‘tons es reo esac os (@ Preemie an grote publi ah reson Tse ‘hcaon nd semmntionE) che, mins Scent fehl ttn Tee can bes oe we ln ou ty prune, mse, cased bel oes Seta pres @) irate erncer wc an abo be be eal (@ simbaltry ce Ts ote lately chee eslengsc la i heroes ually pre tor Th nets soe “cnr pees sie, Te eninge, (6) rel ee For "utopias ies © ‘Case for Government intervention: Identifying Market Failures ‘The eoentonl nytt soos approach up fo0 capeve ar wil tea reo ey ‘These at ald "matt fe wth In pipe ly enc even an sayy © pra of poop nerves plc Bs agroacst 4050 et curse: Ethos 2S Ce Maes "pe eco chances td vaca at teal ate th ge ever ase hemos sue cons evra area sane mats ‘Sg of beat servos to difiree Gogees Bed on fs, ‘ess ow seg ots eal bed iy ‘cheney ‘Pepa bd publ het remo These ees {Gh es commence doe wl soe at Clas 6 fre pub oos ase everanen elo Asn Bove ler vectecnal ane tact at Seahsisof dm ated best exes is edna ‘hg cutpny ts nll all of as increta nk gs ‘rower pi heh Aci Invisnguy stercommnee der ihe i {ec We ste seep Hom the popes Srv bse of irae athe ae py ‘neues ud pst need These aes oer ea ‘wether chon sesh fone ter he oct Peis te kt to get sents hog the ‘Soest te mann ‘nal iererson ave exemais she fp ‘ples an aude highs pubic pigeon ‘filer oun lone Cincom dee oe ‘erst onepuy gun wall Fie shows ese ‘He Non Fey sah Sve (NPP) tras {a Binns we poe peaple se Hom alta Tse mae hn ic eee, he dipper vue a era ar acing we Soa ay som nd Polta Wesk¥y Oster 6207 ‘nts ay rao esses oy cma di «ace onommunrateiece inv gen Pts {te pow ren ough ihe ee hor per et oo greene Sse mor hanya am oe tmupable ese ise eve pevaee seat ame ‘og that res thi sacl eat Piguet is ie Curative Services — Ambulatory Care ‘Tho ga spate str fr eas eis nas ict epee he Sanremo se Te ‘Sines rte te pact vey sly de ie wo eon y ot rv Bd source md ‘Sorin madety varus reeahes) a fe beets ‘omtbe a rodot ti Nato Sane Survey OS) shes ey gh roparon a people visting rae roves Pak (wed Mpg eat atin nay cars hee oe ‘ie ser domi soe he poor 5a a hth ates wells thesia ee "Theater acd i elely epee, route ere sr tery te le, ns mgr 6 {he plonamenon of applied dean which he ‘esr deste ty pins fey undrsiood sch we ‘tinh dvlopod wor wet psn he Solon SoM, smote 2 warn fo sa he ‘ice bo mach ce aplasia Sones However sa et an wens he iinet slay borers tbe pre crs) due bse ‘Ghrnc ck of sede wes perce co pote pe Wheto eet a mk are ‘yt debe (as ad Haner 2008) On ete kan ‘ais abana vee of reendaton (oi, Pade 195 land nme so al ene) te pea secs al era we coat thn sions acon of fis snp So te pb must betaen mares ‘Pout insathncewte Even nh isc eh, the pny car see sey ifn pe vn, ah tie where eet ee eine ay be para ‘8 conn bain Ine with te sree of ens cul aly dete pts hate rove KON 10 be iggerus! The pole coal be ch mae hr ‘wr a melt see of espensiy sce eco ‘Shai ne ay ce the wee of at ae Ita belied tenet thes mutate ‘bare of genet ton Gea ound stoger canada spt Jaen eA pir te pe as =i ne ‘Sisiy ai tal cna 9 pe thay. Sowa, f poe people can acral Steger thr pope the seis can be Supreprtately en ‘tem Amboy tema So bec of see ea ‘in as exprosedby pple waning sce te Mie {im Develop Gals (MDGs Bt Became ‘Give tier hap sat Wee gensbrt i hat eon an PotealWekty October 62007 Fier aro et ater Homa ‘nPrian Doyo" ae nee rsonas Me Cis Ee rcs he hs ea) in he tran pbc el coty ‘Sve he Al Au oreo ie 17, hsp tema tek ‘ennai ice ay aes the rod earcteiie Tee auece a astra, amos cree is aged atari encore ata sug capes ‘eat ps to ooe sls ses top wb ‘Sree apa il st pore peopl exes er ok Sc pubicheth ance prope ate os lt nse, ae pert el cr my et nl metieny pus ae sean et aoe Une pu snc aon tun oo be oi 0 manage "hee wh untealtysler Be adtose lactone theo twaprtems plate evenness ch ‘Stat ewes Fue as at eo pre as {Inf (onrfor enrone anor unary eh true ewe shove Furor whe Rj sowed har ‘Seat pity Geis since ee pte npston cet tine pvlcemong te eve betr ff eye is Jostt pss fends 0 py foresee sce tote mspiasston ‘Retaral tens nonmetal oly wen recaran sie tdegn ian sree soe of ets epee geal rca ion oct ‘spped fein publi hsp Opin sie or msc ic tehovee small docile tna cap on tet expen op {eamminum coresondig oun Heanet a Ca povau! by aos Tor expec vend i ran {eesthaser 1970) Patil provid hepa se ‘esa, concen pis nds ont {tage ged 8p Snt fi tall exgene Ose “i pert of pied indo oh sel sae ta cove ese, Over 2p en espa nis fal tao povery ine brine of bop ements Tan aol ce ties ney oe pipe ropa eed hy cm opted wh amie wes a me i sl, {Se a of ube bape atta wih nue at tein italy every developing cosy it hemor [so {Cavett bo| Arsene we ore dscrsn othe next eta sovies rome “osama hs Sot, tte ae to key caee rae re of heath sexo Te rt he ge exe ‘ise suid wi commande ase cl way "oo Ke peat om einy “bi” on The aed 4031 ‘he iron fires ofthe isan market which Leaver Host everyone exposed to capa ss of te aw (Can Government Fix Market Falures? Understanding Government Failure ‘The inp asuepton a te snipe conomis, snp ht nce mace fae eid, hs bons NG rgnnit ep nd a aw mye ‘erty Kw, poveranets ave eto ts ‘SSiasandpalonsincaryingeut xi espns ert ene lr acnmy "eeu omaltensand undead he ate cmt eles ht evn pe pol tae [Gxt wo Gave 2001; Garten Tens 205, evel Bet 2} Insect, wea est thes retort he femur deep ne ‘WR Sof mje i annaby anand ‘pli te heat coe Our rent poses ce fest vec acon and nies te pit ao tas ips im natural rose af aco of [rower aft pdr asc, Acar ger asc hs (erat she was Sidr wher wa he slaras=erd ‘esi fas wher twas wort em ate i ‘ranot tee might compo Oe slander salle ‘edsumetow or esto cme ac gain rans ‘legato paouse tus se The esac oe woo Str ese cle ceo the dees mak urea ape taney ve as Wie gone Gace spin nd aca an aac. sary ren th ae a patient pont ik Ss) Se vie tbe bh wee) ts make eo Fin Fagen smn to ese cea ‘erp say conmaners "a,c goer epee 2 eae sonra of wht he esc wantin pata feor Seu, he polar mt he eo ea ase ‘Grant tata over fest maketh tence hese eves aged Wid he inate Feeeens elise othe eens Tennis of eat ‘Eesnotpeneay pearson, Sete opie ese spe fe ect, pe au ‘States we ee Bal people with eesti ‘Thats poses sonar eh edhe ston gia markt mu he ones be WD I 3p roach aecpemtbiy essed nga Init ‘fou pdr to slices ate say as isi ce tee servis gtr cn go onc 4032 ae 4 Account Fame ss: recy te rover ina mista ovate te (tepatcymteriine dpa) Wecal bese te Mouton ‘edb ing rae of ante. cece als f sarin ler a sens los of cou sey Maer ours nis poe me he dens wks ‘ie "sn ef cout Goverment aera Froblenewhie"apr Tae reo canoe ‘atures Ta ts eats ath pote tot ustoding theming or lng ons a eg ‘rn Weal "oot dpa hp we cteloa Ie eal poi der at wor elf lyr ‘Svodetii rhe ipr vl ote ain ba (x) eat acne teas, "The bd ss pcan paeymkes) war to tite wis of te peop wo te peer of seve, ‘he axa of grove opioid “Tena near? When wake pop he em os era nas sc te praesent ‘ios ee poles, ho. st, ely tt Sisterofer nota Govern es acd ‘he camp ae due to ployer na ng be ete these becsve nd the provider sun sa ai Se ‘are wii "Te rneork ep sd hogs Fs it bps se rte fe povermet neve thi ae fermen ae met therein les ene ‘epi aasags fn vers heer ventas (epee tent flies tooo al dieu Iearecing ic hen tat ay wou be ao pant imerweto caning el’ ein abs eat ne bn veges). Were market fesse ats vent lures cate igh rot pay a aa Se Ge thsh here etl lve a he make) ‘eh censors pbs a ui deny tes ie Sopp nontomae “Te ed sling at” war ll epee by AC Pan te ogsor ofthe es ofc eso dew het ee Pigs pe att le re erage ed tc th {ar ve cot ep tt ny pu say wl a, levee wholbewedy sek areal. Such aie re abe eo gnrne, oss! pes ato posal sonmiand Pla Weekly Ose 6 2807 ‘usin ype [Pgn 1920), gon was sie ‘Spee toimplene sides os eed bt ove (tool peste a anpact ion By ve iets oc. ‘Sion toe whee gover sev re sing wang pints whe changes setae We ‘SS dode wheter tives tbe moka ie Severe ngvng poles whee the prea s ‘oy apap te corn cay clang ‘thief tng rote, Tos ot he det pte eigen ha wen a, ea ee et ry inemen toe snag of be ity adept. ‘The ‘Volee in Heath Poicy Foc rig of es, hah afi ne ut te = ‘mane on pble ure. Ta sncaton ba er he ‘oul ein tut as vlan forthe oangoton of expect tur wattage The pc of seer suite ‘tll estes as ba ues sere comets ‘one inte te fn dh wise neta, oa sie scepance sannport far nt veal deve (ci of th cure anh has Kel an Klean ‘Boat rhefor he imere wilingots on hep les Spinner oot gens ea sunt Gee em ict” god d= sera of ate fue tans ed een by en and ‘Sy ugunsns. omeve sun net gio dt inn te paiement Moy emery hve a ht irra es on nn get ah ar resis ean ‘Sater vt nme Td sb he mae Ines fa nereapec Outrs cnt sl povermens t i goods emer onstage Spe svboiehercomesur onenl woqwenet vag por ilmenite Wit he sy, pla ences nay go ite a pining te sal con of de he foes Seermning ‘he pil insets re anys the ame eat ‘ton: We now ck atbow fs so rhea ‘Tadtona Pubic Heat aesuces fo proven pie Reh als ‘om aia (oy and eer) pita on (he i gute pltl spr Forename e {ios nave bot sees tno) he governs and ‘Spl do ot al sk ema, ls cle poi il ‘Reo sens of inseam 1 Turan, haer o polos ae et ‘Sel apag puberty an et ‘eimai Te NORD at Strate ts Inc lng Feowonicand Pot] Wey Oster 62007 Gwatve Ambulatory Care Cute cas inti specie scan ered be lst a eae gow sure. Hoteve, betas be Pete saorssolarge sn Sse nee tthe eee) ele Si ihe poesia gue) ela ana to {he pl sma nds sytem tan a the Seng ee rears neon te ening othe ar Sis a at ‘Stale mith he phe soa pes thet inet of See etna ape rv er Gurabve Hospital Caro spol ted be pos fer wo ress, Fes lae {sitter seme inn! ton al ans Pie ses nae oe ef opening pashan fr pening ‘any alc came 6 abtnaen Stoo, ti ch ‘cto ke dre consi of fais a ors esl toning Weed Bek 205) The emer le ‘encom neve pa ‘Shar faye al dens on hs of ire aco ‘minal be wen ba ies pet on gel pase sols has enmincae dias cool wade pce ne. Shs lle vor roel, slain, Rae even a West st a dd ferns in ‘etn he es pes it 3 pete fbi ney Bes fer, net ing has ine Ges sels dee thet that ele sa om fsies se cr towards pn-omminiie dae cnt hus te poor "Rs dca soermet commoner to hepig te sk ites he belted Depend ee ak Tela ony spet on caaingectote scope tye belies ofhnivare a gop Song theater paste Fgwe a dt at ects dgr nt top Det ea oe pele was ep 20 pre eng mre than 38 er etal Tis see resol eal Ply ied one anf thee por ple "There ish! “he i he ep cen sty pra free ne ism al od “pape owen, the one sie tt ponents movie by which ray snl grove os er etal herp, lene ce arp ‘Sno ais a te pb gd The walgrpnt ane td colltio an Belper eal ton reed to frermsot pole and hah, We der cso 10 ‘SoScomque sc Rear labs npr fos ofa at ei ‘aren inethingtsan epee wells eal ts ‘asl cough ogee eve! sane fel esp sible nov ig estates cnr vo nora xe Finn & pe at pee pote ress imped pobeyenkng. Sd il ane 4053 emocat ig ple ae ele o know wha pent in ‘hee mame and hw ec ‘The ‘Compact’ In Health Polley “Th ahve dsson ms se dw onesie he n= Incl spp hat hah resem the ba sl oven ich tony rine th oe anders ‘Ereata udgex Hoes ven wie mony fine pen cence peas to bt Belg spam we poe ‘Mer chr tating to a9 he hls ting ach poe eng wba We ght ee Enererects fae pale stro aoa eens of bis om ‘573082 peren bwaen 99 and 1998 (NFHS). = Tue share oa devel ween 198 2001 (RCI ID sete rate ty share oe Hon To 25 perces pa amuson ss of 1997 makes isi ede ‘ec nes "ea ies we very ean "Tins te hy gna nano colt net ene Hehe ey const sweat the over ante to te ole God teh ‘hey yep ar poidig god evs, ven epg makes reser ong toner he oe oft ool (Ge stg ce he die sn ings at o> (ingens ded ples Eve pal pon rig with on 50 nse sod eagles We os oh es ft ‘Seg fei wie ena ey le np Ssiersceteree dey nuplonesn ole Tee ies ban winner sop exe's bo ‘nt senso) sppiatey eedae al comnansese Population-based Public Health Interventions Mos pli ta fl afr hs aga ones or ces ening sees erin de marge ineeece rsbrgeres Drlngswanostessatemes ‘the rn cnet eel sipteré and ery ‘remnant ene “oe aren, patil when wong poten dese An sample the Can Rel Stn Pra> {Ene inthe 9b fo one aos meey lage In eratins tea 197 al 200 17 mo es ere ‘Shaructedy fh gnc Many fe sie were ‘tod fr nr an ats 53 per eat te por “ame sem xia neha el a he ‘Stems ncn stk a ine 10 leet contin tas as tutes ot eal ‘ecole a2} Rater ese tob cones Sth esto. ‘Rete senioe he pnt ad ineiation of date concen engl oie (ens) sodetcnes (chases set ssa prin gi asthe Sc in el, hs na ‘nosy lr anyones of nent acne 4038 sere tony lace “oi bt ae tin which rubies aremes ceva greving ev at (Blan Father colecedraparyenoagh and eps ve ofa nuh ess can lp ol poe coun ‘Bletorrmts Reena ck oF spe on heli at te _overmel rento 1) aus eon at es {Sehiay proparcnly porpent, a3 al nt ‘Seance berdudely ey open ve coneast Ger pvermet epee Sie iy tre ‘sara ent eg unde et ack of ae Preventve/Promotve Publis Health Interventions People’ bello a Key cue Bel Tis tues gl pcs ofa ming ue es st ol twtr, beast an al ft esd ‘i enommoncble ese eed see. Ae Topulsotare reenton, netic 5) [toys tenision nplpte— he ote ‘tale bing te ple plo eanpaa® se 0 week {se wel hist commonpine tc dn el wit fries ‘ene wit ey oy rion ey mea Dsite sist ele poli sh ema ne ‘Sees bac deta ot atans ey seontmons "A cu Spy aoa lating are nd ger nai fue concerned, preventive anes (0 ake ers mae aes pray whe deed ‘muncabe dee ore, Oe sme ea ee ‘ies tea dopants poor) em Upurea oa ppt vn de Ine feast “mpoc- nig se Series ‘epi asc, Monier poser ohare st fale tgoeramet neato pay to encarag How 1 ‘hang bow ab ee od a ey epee ring te pssiy tha permet pone oy ‘ngoved al Seta ortoifearabovemenned canes ie pb een pert te at fe at sven eats andi eu he provsen a Sie es ean det ovo of the sea ‘Smeg oe eed we wal curative Care “Thess problem of ce cae tthe up of slain eae so ese pr ef ee ‘Scrip develope coun py pc money may {Sr provides wih ter Aad wit ny be pe tsar tea Msisone aes wherthe et es isp inte stot se apis wit falc ona "ha wy coum sar rer tec an Technine ws aceaed rte, ays tll ce rg, ats andr were payne flo ates "Orpmisne oltngan agg seperti ‘sed By he common phenom of pale Pg eopomicand Poca Welly Ose 62007 fe pubic spund mane in te pesca Wy I ive tse sevics vay fr et We apo sy ‘sling Nha pope we hey potas al a, Fry Ian one DC)” {iy Tecances pars ean 0 madara Aree sly Tota inst he weed serge we 8 cee mong as Ts pe a ane mes 307 ‘anon ames [Chay ea 2060) {Ghee oman mal coe provers igure 6 hs Te rel fa geste sin of ye vis eth oe ‘sil he rst As there ht he ab ‘geen of seni a rt et Ms Thee ‘ime rons fr oing ay rar ps sh ase Se (Scala Homeor te man ced fo igen eve ‘Gece awe lone es Ta st abo fou abet va wor nt sale ves oe ‘Suthcwee not sipped fen fone ss), fled By ‘Reman cre an et rhe fo sons eh ‘oes al os) nts ‘Shee sires apd mr of abe ha oto paring 9 PH srs ices oth hse css a 2 [uml scene ie ming, bale tes ‘Sart arc y poviesne reta omen noe digas The mcs ot te fil ests he PHC son mcs sea. Tapenade pli ites se op ‘when pace ave wre Tie ss 0 pe feet tern ov ss (6d cmp of Ars sly once aly ‘nea erin De oud hat compete ees of ule ‘Sse MBS dicor 14 PHC hee soo ea te Wa ih {0 050 cane te desman poste am thera [Dae ane 25) rover te sacha Del wiht amped Tenia ‘tnd equal of BSS Gtr il at ‘erie MBBS dst aPC trop) Dest (Solid tan pel paver Tain tut 1SScrmpett ta eto adr nl cen ta ced pe seer MBS Joc cn sot ech he ana a evel ae il bl tf insocsin (9 Inaese afraid ty sal The stay tered co ‘hove aso xara, Snag ebaratons te efi Sort er the il ial tee The sing ng Ws Oa ‘ethane MBS rovers wee a ery camp Eaton hey wt hy whe th pune MBS ‘dors tt Toe patel vets wal to ese ‘Smaps te Spero blero clr ak he "ah guns bt nw thn 10 prc il nated Fraice In cour, rate BBS dts ae the Fas eso oly pron ofthe ov a acre hat [Se evel nce Tarow rtbacs sen meer ‘stone ls ctr Pergo ogo ‘Se suisse canine! deen compton nd crt ‘et tlon cen har eft BBS ect and heehee ct nomen fs elginonde The carat ih he eosin Fc Wecly October 62007 eee aun naooan eee arse ste sept dota eda ae ‘Shute te ety a ef oa hey nd to ‘rere macs weblion to Peet cee he a) (5) icons Ba My me sh ape trade cerca ps dns ees iy Sf he sane piso nro inh oy bs, (ig mn cra rs iSpy tence ten fe pcs Otters ‘Sovran scouted hese ase Steep =a 27 pect tras ea of oes ‘adel res, nl he pols fever a—ercay rina creeds of Bl cn par adept Peay be pang pu asi ee ‘eal he dove ase awh ssp te pe 035 et te pine sco? 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