Toyota

Toyota Motor Corporation is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer

headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. In 2017, Toyota's corporate structure consisted of
364,445 employees worldwide and, as of October 2016, was the fifth-largest company in the
world by revenue. As of 2016, Toyota is the world's largest automotive manufacturer. Toyota
was the world's first automobile manufacturer to produce more than 10 million vehicles per
year which it has done since 2012, when it also reported the production of its 200-millionth
vehicle. As of July 2014, Toyota was the largest listed company in Japan by market
capitalization and by revenue.

Toyota is the world's market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, and one of the
largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe.
Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 10
million milestone in January 2017. Its Prius family is the world's top selling hybrid nameplate
with over 6 million units sold worldwide as of January 2017.

The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937, as a spinoff from his father's
company Toyota Industries to create automobiles. Three years earlier, in 1934, while still a
department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product, the Type A engine, and its first
passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA. Toyota Motor Corporation produces vehicles under five
brands, including the Toyota brand, Hino, Lexus, Ranz, and Daihatsu. It also holds a 16.66%
stake in Subaru Corporation, a 5.9% stake in Isuzu, as well as joint-ventures with two in China,
GAC Toyota and Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor, one in India, Toyota Kirloskar, one in the Czech
Republic, TPCA, along with several "nonautomotive" companies. TMC is part of the Toyota
Group, one of the largest conglomerates in Japan.
 Toyota is headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi. The main headquarters of Toyota
is located in a 4-storey building in Toyota. As of 2006, the head office has the "Toyopet" Toyota
logo and the words "Toyota Motor". The Toyota Technical Center, a 14-story building, and the
Honsha plant, Toyota's second plant engaging in mass production and formerly named the
Koromo plant, are adjacent to one another in a location near the headquarters. Vinod Jacob
from The Hindu described the main headquarters building as "modest". In 2013, company head
Akio Toyoda reported that it had difficulties retaining foreign employees at the headquarters
due to the lack of amenities in the city.
 Honda

Honda Motor Co., Ltd is a Japanese public multinational conglomerate corporation

primarily known as a manufacturer of automobiles, aircraft, motorcycles, and power
equipment.

Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the
world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing
more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year. Honda became the second-largest
Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001. Honda was the eighth largest automobile
manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General
Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.

Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury
brand, Acura, in 1986. Aside from their core automobile and motorcycle businesses, Honda
also manufactures garden equipment, marine engines, personal watercraft and power
generators, and other products. Since 1986, Honda has been involved with artificial
intelligence/robotics research and released their ASIMO robot in 2000. They have also
ventured into aerospace with the establishment of GE Honda Aero Engines in 2004 and the
Honda HA-420 HondaJet, which began production in 2012. Honda has three joint-ventures in
China which is Honda China, Dongfeng Honda, and Guangqi Honda.

In 2013, Honda invested about 5.7% (US$6.8 billion) of its revenues in research and
development. Also in 2013, Honda became the first Japanese automaker to be a net exporter
from the United States, exporting 108,705 Honda and Acura models, while importing only
88,357.
 Subaru

Subaru of America, Inc. (SOA) is founded in 1968 in the U.S. Sales and Marketing
subsidiary of Subaru Corporation of Japan and is responsible for the distribution, marketing,
sales and service of Subaru vehicles in the United States.

Subaru product line equipped with unique SUBARU BOXER® engine on all models
and Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive on most, the Subaru product line, renowned for durability,
reliability, traction and "active safety," represents one of the highest repurchase-loyalty ratings
in the U.S. market. Today, the Subaru product line includes the Impreza, WRX, STI, BRZ,
Legacy, Outback, Forester, and Crosstrek.

Subaru of America, Inc. moved its Corporate Headquarters to current Cherry Hill, NJ,
facility in 1986. The $18 million, 115,000 square-foot, seven-story structure serves as the
company's national headquarters housing approximately 300 people in Finance, IT, Marketing,
Sales and Product Planning. The company markets Subaru vehicles, parts and accessories
through a network of approximately 600 retailers across the United States.

Subaru operations center located in Pennsauken, NJ, this 59,000 square foot building
houses nearly 200 employees from Customer Loyalty, Government Relations, Parts, Service,
Training, Customer Retailer Service and Subaru Financial Services departments.

SOA has three regional and 12 zone offices that support local sales, marketing and
retailer relations activities. The Subaru regional offices are located in Denver, CO; Cherry Hill,
NJ; and Itasca, IL, and the zone offices are located in various cities throughout the United
States. Nearly 100 people are employed in the regional and zones offices.

Subaru operates 5 warehouses throughout the United States supporting Subaru retailer
parts and accessories needs in the US and western Canada. Our warehouses are located in
Florence, NJ, Douglasville GA near Atlanta, Whitestown IN near Indianapolis, Aurora CO
near Denver, and Portland OR. We have over 100 people employed at our warehouses.
 Volkswagen

Volkswagen shortened to VW, is a German automaker founded on May 28, 1937 by

the German Labour Front and headquartered in Wolfsburg. It is the flagship marque of the
Volkswagen Group, the largest automaker by worldwide sales in 2016. Volkswagen is German
for "people's car", and the company's current international advertising slogan is just
"Volkswagen".

Volkswagen is the founding and namesake member of the Volkswagen Group, a large
international corporation in charge of multiple car and truck brands, including Audi, SEAT,
Lamborghini, Bentley, Bugatti, Scania, MAN, and Škoda. Volkswagen Group's global
headquarters are located in Volkswagen's historic home of Wolfsburg, Germany.

Volkswagen Group, as a unit, is currently Europe's largest automaker. For a long time,
Volkswagen has had a market share over 20 percent.

In 2010, Volkswagen posted record sales of 6.29 million vehicles, with its global
market share at 11.4%. In 2008, Volkswagen became the third largest automaker in the world,
and, as of 2012, Volkswagen is the second largest manufacturer worldwide. Volkswagen has
aimed to double its US market share from 2% to 4% in 2014, and is aiming to become,
sustainably, the world's largest car maker by 2018. Volkswagen Group's core markets include
Germany and China.

Volkswagen has factories in many parts of the world, manufacturing or assembling

vehicles for local markets. In addition to plants in Germany, Volkswagen has manufacturing
or assembly facilities in Mexico, the US, Slovakia, China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Malaysia,
Brazil, Argentina, Portugal, Spain, Poland, the Czech Republic, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Kenya and South Africa. In 2011, Volkswagen was named in the top 25 largest companies in
the world by the Forbes Global 2000.