The Persuasive Essay

its purpose is to gain the audience’s assent (agreement)

does not try to present a balanced point of view - not

obligated to be “fair” but may anticipate arguments

frequently appeals to the reader’s emotions rather than to

logic

may use the tools of propaganda: repetition, hyperbole,

vivid analogy, imagery, appeal to authority, connotation

an effective persuasive essay uses strong sincere reasons,

vivid illustrations and sound comparisons

it presents its points logically and clearly, but its greatest

appeal is to emotion - uses responsible appeals to emotion

begins with a concise statement of position on the issue

supports its position with valid evidence and logical

arguments (see methods of proof)

ends in a way that prompts readers to change their thinking

Methods of Proof

Persuasive essays, indeed, all essays must use proof that stands
up to careful scrutiny, even if the proof is only supporting an
opinion. Readers must continually ask themselves if the proof is
reasonable under the circumstances. What follows are some
methods of proof.

historical reference: events from the past that support an

idea, must relate in some way
illustrations: contrast, similarities, scenarios, current events
quotations: from a knowledgeable source, appropriate
opinions: personal beliefs that are reasonable and logical
(more on logic later)
reference to authority: experts, wise or experienced
individuals, recognizable, incontrovertible (beyond doubt)
personal observation: clearly explained links
facts: research, accepted truths, statistics
anecdotes: stories, incidents which illustrate point
rhetorical question: focuses the reader, writer goes on to
answer the question almost like an authority
analogy: a comparison which illustrates the point
literary devices, diction, humour, figurative language: may
be used to sway reader
emotional appeals: often not valid, may be used legitimately
to create a sympathetic ear in the audience; use of inclusive
terms, not usually a method of proof to which a thinking
reader gives much weight.