DYNAMO POWERED HYBRID ELECTRIC

MOTORBIKE

SYNOPSIS
 Abstract
The objective of the project is to build a hybrid motorbike which will strike a right
balance between fuel consumption and pollution control and can be optimized
effectively for future generation motorbikes. The hybrid drive unit can be easily
mounted on a motorbike. While the gasoline engine will drive the rear
transmission, the hub motor will drive the front transmission. And to power the
hybrid unit, a dynamo has been placed at the rear wheel of the motorbike that will
charge the battery in case it runs critically low and thus can serve as a backup till
the rider reaches a proper refueling station.
Keywords: - Hybrid Drive Unit, Lithium-ion Batteries, Dynamo, Hub Motor

 Introduction
At a time when the fuel prices are rocketing sky high, the daily running cost of
motorbikes and its cost of ownership are hitting the roof. There is a need for such
an automobile that can prevail in this price inflation of fuel. India spends nearly
$249.5 million USD or Rs.1537 Crore every year on crude oil imported from the
middle east countries. Being one of the technological hubs in the world, this price
could be reduced to a significant amount and can be invested in something better.
The usage of crude oil also causes a significant amount of environmental pollution
that can affect the ecological and biodiversity of this nation. The alternative means
of transport are few in India due to lack of funding and infrastructure. Thus the
need for a cheap, efficient and environmentally friendly automobile concept is very
necessary to be developed in this nation of 1.324 billion people. The solution
comes in the form of hybrid motorbikes which in layman term refers to an
automobile that runs a combination of gasoline engine and an electric motor. The
hybrid technologies have already found its way into 4 wheeler industries. Being the
2nd most preferred mode of transport in India, the need for hybrid motorbikes in
India is very much essential. Since India currently have a limited infrastructure for
charging an electric vehicle, the usage of the electric vehicle in Indian market does
not seem so glamorous. Hence the best possible solution that can address both the
oil price inflation and environmental issues is the hybrid technology.

 Literature Review
A large amount of research has already been completed in two phases of this
project. Phase I researched different aspects of the frame including materials,
design types, suspensions, and brakes. Phase II researched hybrid vehicle design,
regenerative braking, batteries, dc motors, dc motor controllers, generators, and
four-stroke engines. These topics cover a vast majority of the subject matter for our
project. In order to maintain the state-of-the-art project, we will discuss current
hybrid designs, aspects of lithium-ion batteries and motor controllers which are
employed in our project.

 Objectives
The following objectives are to be achieved by the end of this project:-
 Design and virtual analysis of the motorbikes.
 Designing & assembling of IC Engine.
 Designing & assembling of the electric power drive.
 Designing motorbikes with front wheel powered by electric motor and rear
wheel drive powered by an Internal Combustion Engine.
 Connecting dynamo to the rear wheel, generating electric power and
recharging the battery.
 Implementation of control algorithm by the microcontroller.
 A switching circuit used to switch from IC Engine to the electric power and
vice versa.
 Efficiency calculation of motorbikes.

 Components

1. A Gasoline Engine
2. Brushless DC Hub Motor
3. Magneto-based Ignition System
 4. Lithium-ion Battery
5. Motor Controller
6. Dynamo

 Block Diagram

 Working Mechanism
At the initial stage, the bike will be running on a gasoline engine. The function is
similar to a regular gasoline vehicle. Once the required speed has been achieved,
the microprocessor will switch the drive from gasoline to the electric motor,
ensuring that there is sufficient charge in the battery. While running on the electric
motor, the microprocessor will constantly monitor the battery charge level. If the
charge falls below the pre-defined value, then the drive would be switched back to
the gasoline engine and this will continue until the battery is charged to a
maximum level, before switching the drive again. The process will continue till the
gasoline runs out or the battery has been drained completely.

 Advantages
Hybrid Electric Motorbikes have been numerous advantages. Hybrids do indeed
get superior gas mileage. They use less gasoline, and therefore emit less
greenhouse gas. Thus the problem of environmental pollution can be avoided to a
certain extent. Apart from that, they use less gasoline in comparison to the other
motorbikes of the same power that run only on gasoline. Thus this reduces the
extreme dependence on gasoline which is a non-renewable source of energy. This
encourages the method of sustainable development that has been the topic of
concern in the modern society. Moreover, hybrid electric motorbike’s mode of
operation is a maximum efficiency to the conditions, i.e., at low speed and high
traffic areas where gasoline engine is least efficient with a lot of energy wasted,
hybrid electric motorbikes move with power from the battery. At up slopes where
high power is required and the battery is inefficient, gasoline power is used for
motorbikes motion. Thus the advantages of hybrid electric motorbike make it
superior to any other motorbikes of today.

 Disadvantages
One of the major disadvantages of the hybrid electric motorbike is the speed. The
speed of the vehicle is restricted to 40 kmph to 42 kmph, which can be suitable for
the traffic scenario in the cities. However, for road trips and long rides, this
attribute seems to be a big disappointment. Although higher speeds can be
achieved using high torque motor and battery of more voltage. But that is going to
increase the overall cost of the vehicle. This is a serious challenge that needs to be
overcome.

 Scope and Future Aspects

The concept can easily be commercialized as there is very few modification
required to convert a regular gasoline engine motorbike into a hybrid electric
motorbike. Considering the advantages of it and the cost of modification, there is
no doubt that hybrid electric can be the next big change in the automobile industry.