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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Problem

Language is very important for human life in this word. English in

Indonesia is a foreign language which is taught in the formal educational

system from primary level to University. It means that teaching English as

one of the subjects in the classroom is funded on the curriculum used. The

term curriculum covers all the arrangements the school makes for the

students’ learning and development. It includes the content of course,

students activities, teaching approaches, and the way in which teachers and

classes are organized. Brown states that speaking is an interactive process

of construction meaning that can involve producing and receiving and

processing information.1 Furthermore, Cameron people states that

speaking is the active use of language to express meaning so that other

people can make sense of them. Trough speaking, they can express their

ideas and communicate with others.2 When speaking, the students learn

how to organize the idea, express the language in spoken from with good

pronunciation and stressing. They also learn about how to convey the

meaning of the language according to the context they are speaking.

1
H Douglas Brown, Language Assessment: Principles and classroom Practices, (New
York: Person Education, 2004), P. 140
2
Lynne Cameron, Teaching Language to young Learners, (London: Cambridge
University, 2001), p.40
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People use language to express inner thoughts and emotions, make senses

of complex and abstract thought, to learn to communicative with others, to

fulfill our wants and needs, as well as to establish rules and maintain our

culture .3 In the era Globalization, English is very important as a means of

international communication. There for, English is learned by most of

people in the world. In Indonesia, English is as the foreign language that is

not used every day. People may only learn English from the school or

course. The short and limited frequency of the meeting, lack of teaching

learning English instrument is a compulsory subject which should be

mastered by student.

In this research, the writer only focus on speaking skill. Speaking skill is

productive skill that required learners to produce words or language to

express their ideas orally. It is used to interaction between one to another

by speech or saying. Speaking is the process of building and sharing

meaning trough the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols, in a variety of

contexts.4 It means that speaking is to say something and express what the

aim of the speaker.

According to the theories above, it can be conclude that speaking is

important component in language learning. According to Luoma, “The

ability to speak in foreign language is at the very heart of what it means to

3
Jermy Hermer, The practice of English Language Teaching (Cambridge University
Press; Longman , 2007), p.295.
4
Chaney A. L, and T. L. Burk, Teaching Oral Communication in Grades K-8, (Boston:
Prentice Hall, 1998), p. 8
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be able to use a foreign language”5 It is supported by Linse who says “

Speaking is equally important in children’s overall Language

Development.”6 means that speaking English is very important to language

development used in learning speaking process of international

communicate. Without speaking we cannot share ideas, and also without

speaking we cannot to communicate in society to keep the relationship

going well each other.

There were individual learners’ personalities and attitudes factors (such as;

inhibition, nothing to say, lows or uneven participation mother tongue

use)7 and intellectual factors (such as; lack of knowledge and lack of

fluency)8 that hider them to speak up their mind used English. The teacher

should be creative to find out a good way in teaching speaking such as

used various strategy, technique, game, and method to handle these

problem. Many kinds of the game and method are used to increase

students’ speaking. One of the strategy is Audio Visual. The used of media

in speaking learning is needed as props which can convey information in

more interesting.

The development of science and technology increasingly encourage

renewal efforts in the utilization of technological results in the learning

5
Sari Luoma, Assessing Speaking, (New York : Cambridge University Press, 2004), p.
11.
6
Ibid, p. 9
7
Penny Ur, A Course in Language Teaching, (New York: Cambridge University Press,
1999), p. 121
8
Scott Thornbury, How to teach speaking, (Harlow: Longman, 2005), p. 1-2
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process. The selection of appropriate learning media is expected to convey

speaking materials with more interesting. The audio visual media can

convey understanding or information in a more concrete or more real way

than in the conveyed by words spoken, in print or writing. By viewing and

listen the students’ receiving the lesson can more quickly understanding

what the teacher intends. Doubt or misunderstanding can be avoided

effectively.

In the preliminary research at SMPN 2 Bakauheni, the writer asked

Mr.Rohimi as the teacher of Eight Grade Students of SMPN 2 Bakauheni

about the students’ capability in mastering English, Especially about their

speaking. She explained that the speaking skill of students was different,

there were some students good in speaking and had good motivation but

another students were low in speaking skill. Mr. Rohimi teaches four
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classes and used Audio Visual in process teaching speaking. Based on

interview to the teacher and the data, the students in class C in the VIII

grade had the lowest average score in speaking skill. It can be seen Table

1.1:

Table 1.1
The Students’ speaking Score at the Eight Grade of SMPN 2
Bakauheni in 2017/2018 Academic Year

Students Score Number of

No. Class Students

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Rohimi, English Teacher of SMPN 2 Bakauheni An Interview, 4 th July, 2017.
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<75 ≥ 75
1. VIII A 4 27 31
2. VIII B 7 24 31
3. VIII C 12 17 29
4. VIII D 6 24 30
Total 29 92 121
Percentage 24% 76% 100%
Source: Data from the English Teacher of SMP Negeri 2 Bakauheni

Based on the data in table 1.1, in VII C class there were 17 students of 29 students

who passed the test based on criteria of minimum mastery (KKM) and 121

students failed. In this case, the students’ score KKM in SMPN 2 Bakauheni was

75 and there were many students who got difficulty in speaking were 12.

In process teaching the teacher Mr.Rohimi applied an approach to help students

comprehend speaking English call Audio Visual (AV). Media audiovisual (AV) is

one of the teaching strategy consists of methods and techniques or procedure that

ensure students achieve goals.10 It is strategy in the method of a teach greatly

affects the ability of students to get information to the material, in this case the

teacher must have a strategy that is able to meet the needs of students’.

From interview to the teacher, the teacher said that the students had low because

they feel difficult and are confused in organizing the structure and in expressing

their ideas in speaking. They were not interested in English lesson because they

felt that English was difficult to learn. They were lack of vocabulary and they

were ashamed and afraid of making mistakes in speaking.

10
Hamani,Strategi belajar mengajar, Pustaka Setia, 2011, p. 19
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From those explanation, the writer inferred that in teaching and learning process

of speaking the teacher applied audio visual in several class. But, the result some

of students are good in speaking activity but another low. In fact, audio visual is

effective towards process teaching speaking. Hence, the writer is interested to

analyze the process of applying audio visual and find the problems faced by the

teacher and the students in teaching speaking activity. Therefore, this research is

entitled: An Analysis Speaking Skill Based On Audio Visual At The first Semester

of The Eighth Grade of SMP Negeri 2 Bakauheni South Lampung in 2017/2018

Academic Year.

B. Identification of the Problem

Seeing the background of the problem above, the writer identified that there are

some problem :

1. The student do not have enough time to practice speaking in the

learning teaching process

2. The student lack of enthusiasm for learning Speak English

3. The students were ashamed and afraid of making mistakes in speaking.

C. Limitation of the problem

In this research, the Writer focuses on the process of An analysis speaking skill

base on audio visual at the First Semester of the Eighth Grade of SMP Negeri 2

Bakauheni South Lampung in the Academic years of 2017/2018.

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D. Formulation of the Problem

Referring to the background of the problem, the writer formulated the research

problem as follows:

1. How was the process on teaching speaking skill base on audio

visual at the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Bakauheni

South Lampung .

2. What were the teacher’s problem in teaching speaking skill base on

audio visual at the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Bakauheni

South Lampung.

3. What were students problems in teaching speaking skill base on

audio visual at the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Bakauheni.

E. Objective of the Research

Based on the formulation of the problem, the objective of the research are as

follows:

1. To knows and describe the process of teaching speaking based on Audio

Visual

2. To know and describe the teacher’s problems in teaching speaking based

on Audio Visual

3. To know and describe the students’ problems in learning speaking based on

Audio Visual.
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F. Significances of the research

After doing the research the writer expected the result of this research

contributes to the following aspects:

1. Theoretically

For theoretical contribution, this research is expected to motivate the

students of SMP Negeri 2 Bakauheni.

2. Practically

For practical contribution, this research is expected to give information of

EEnglish teacher of SMP Negeri 2 Bakauheni about teaching speaking

skill based on Audio Visual.

G. Scope of the Research

The writer determines the scope of the research as follow:

1. Subject of the research

The Subject of research is the first semester of the Eighth grade of SMP

Negeri 2 Bakauheni South Lampung in the Academic year 2017/2018.

2. Object of the Research

The object of the Writer was analysis speaking skill based on audio
visual.

3. Place of the research

The writer will be conducted at SMP Negeri 2 Bakauheni, South

Lampung.

4. Time of the Research

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The writer conducted the research at first semester of the students of SMP

Negeri 2 Bakauheni, Lampung South in 2017/2018 the Academic Year.