Professional Documents
Culture Documents
cultures, including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley
Civilisation, and was later home to kingecession of East Pakistan as the new
country of Bangladesh.[29] In 1973 Pakistan adopted a new constitution
establishing, alongside its pre-existing parliamentary republic status, a federal
government based in Islamabad consisting of four provinces and four federal
territories. The new constitution also stipulated that all laws are to conform to
the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah.[30]
For thousands of years, Native American tradition has taught that we all carry
within us an ancient blessing, a spirit clan that connects us to the earth. Our
spirit clan may be an animal, or a plant, a stone, or some special object that has
taken on spiritual power. Your clan is a reservoir of powerful energy. It helps
carry you through troubled times and protects you from danger. The wisdom of their
teachings shows the way to true peace and prosperity and to live in harmony with
all that is.
The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient
cultures, including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley
Civilisation, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths
and cultures, including Hindus, Indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turco-Mongols, Afghans, and
Sikhs. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the
Persian Achaemenid Empire, Alexander III of Macedon, the Indian Mauryan Empire, the
Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Gupta Empire,[25] the Delhi Sultanate, the Mongol
Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Afghan Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire (partially),
and, most recently, the British Empire.
Pakistan is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam.[26][27] As
a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the subcontinent's
struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent homeland
for Indian Muslims.[28] It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country,
with a similarly diverse geography and wildlife. Initially a dominion, Pakistan
adopted a constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. An ethnic civil war
in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of
Bangladesh.[29] In 1973 Pakistan adopted a new constitution establishing, alongside
its pre-existing parliamentary republic status, a federal government based in
Islamabad consisting of four provinces and four federal territories. The new
constitution also stipulated that all laws are to conform to the injunctions of
Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah.[30]