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Abstract
The work aimed to determine the effectiveness of the treatment of wastewater generated by the meat industry in
a hybrid system combining biological methods of activated sludge (in an SBR reactor) and reverse osmosis. The tests
carried out on the wastewater from the meat processing plant Uni-Lang in Wrzosowa showed that the biological
treatment resulted in sufficientremoval of contaminants from the wastewater, which consequently could be discharged
into receiving water. In order to make it possible for the wastewater to be reused in the production cycle, it was
additionallytreated with reverse osmosis. The research was described mathematically by the program MATLAB using
artificial neural networks. The program enables a prediction of the results for the treatment ofwastewater over a range
of tested values.
Keywords: Activated sludge; Reverse osmosis; Neutral networks; MATLAB; Meat industry wastewater
Presented at the PERMEA 2003, Membrane Science and Technology Conference of Visegrad Countries (Czech Republic,
Hungary, Poland and Slovakia), September 7-11, 2003, Tatranskd Matliare, Slovakia.
0011-9164/04/$- See front matter © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
pII: S0011-9164(04)00030-X
86 E, Sroka et al. / Desalination 162 (2004) 85-91
The contaminant loading o f the wastewater in a 40 drn 3 chamber. The chamber was equipped
discharged from meat processing plants varies with two aeration pumps: Maxima R manu-
seasonally, daily or even on a shift basis. In order factured by Elite, whose average capacity was
to reduce wastewater contamination, the pro- 420 dm3air/h; and an RZR 2020 stirrer manu-
duction cycles o f the meat processing plants factured by Heidolph, with an adjustable rotation
which are run properly deal with the separation velocity ranging from 40 to 2000 rpm.
and utilization o f solid waste [1]. Reverse osmosis (RO) was conducted in a
high-pressure apparatus equipped with a plate and
frame module produced by Osmonics, with an
2. Experimental
active membrane area o f 155 cm 2. The system
2.1. Materials operated in the crossflow mode.
The wastewater was sampled from the
Uni-Lang meat processing plant in Wrzosowa
(southern Poland) whose activity covers the 2. 3. Methods
slaughter and processing o f pigs. It was charac- The research consisted o f the following two
terized by considerable pollutant load, substantial basic phases o f wastewater treatment: biological
amounts o f suspended matter and high con- treatment in an SBR and post-treatment applying
centrations o f total nitrogen and phosphorus. The RO. The activated sludge used during the
values of the basic and eutrophic pollution biological treatment was taken from the bio-
indexes ranged widely during the whole pro- logical wastewater treatment plant of the Uni-
duction cycle. The wastewater was red and brown Lang meat processing plant in Wrzosowa, which
in colour, smelled nasty and tended to foam and ensured that the bacterial microflora had already
putrefy. The characteristics o f the raw wastewater been adapted to the treatment o f this type o f
are presented in Table 1. wastewater.
The tests were carried out at a constant dry
2. 2. Apparatus
weight o f 5 g/din 3 in the chamber, aeration inten-
Treatment o f the wastewater was carried out sity 840 dm 3 air/h, residence time o f 12 h, and
biologically applying the activated sludge method tSt, + ta o f 0.3 (t,, stirring time; t~, aeration time).
Table I
Pollution indexes of raw wastewater which, after the treatment, can be returned to the natural receiving waters
Table 2
Effectiveness of wastewater treatment applying the activated sludge method under the most favourable operating con-
ditions (activated sludge loading: 0.15 gCOD/g ~.,luago x d, aeration intensity: 840 dm3 air/h, residence time in the bio-
reactor: 12 h, ratio t,/t~ + t~: 0.3)
99 ' I 1 I
Table 3
98
Initial data file ~2
97
-- ej~
Sludge loading, COD Total Total
gCOD/ removal, phosphorous nitrogen
~2
gaw~a~oxd % removal, % removal, % O
o
° 6~
0.05 98.9 87.8 95.5 62
0.10 98.4 85.0 94.1
0.15 98.1 87.3 98.2 6,4 8,6 '8.7 6,6
0.20 98.2 82.4 89.7 Sludge loading [gCOD/dT:S.*d]
0.25 98.1 69.6 90.4 Fig. 2. Correlation between sludge loading and COD
0.30 97.7 66.8 87.5 removal, x: measurement points, o: points learnt by the
0.35 97.3 65.0 88.5 network {[A'-datal C,2)]'* [A'-datal C,2)1 }/15; error mean
0.40 97.4 62.9 87,6 square for COD = 0.0460.
0.45 95,7 64.1 87.4
0.50 94,3 62.9 87,2
-t ','.> ~>
0.55 94.1 59.4 86.4 8~ x
Wastewater from the meat industry can also be [2] J. Bohdziewicz, E. Sroka and E. Lobos, Application
satisfactorily treated so that it can be reused in the of the system which combines coagulation, activated
production cycle o f a plant. In order to achieve sludge and reverse osmosis to the treatment of the
this degree o f wastewater purification, a hybrid wastewater produced by the meat industry, Desali-
process combining the biological method of natior% 144 (2002) 393-398.
[3] User's Manual, Photometer SQ 118, Merck.
activated sludge and RO should be used.
[4] User's Manual, Determination ofBZT using respiro-
metric method, Oxi Top, WTW.
[5] W. Hermanowicz, ed., Physicochemical Testing of
References Water and Sewage, Arkady, Warsaw, 1998.
[1] B. Koziorowski and J. Kucharski, Industrial waste-
water, WNT, Warsaw 1980.