APPROVAL SHEET
In
Name: LENESES, CATHERINE B.
Title of Experiment: PARTICLE SIZE DETERMINATION THROUGH SIEVING
Theory
1. The use of sieves to separate coarse clastic
sediments dates back to the early days of
mechanical analysis. In practice, sieving is
exceedingly simple and convenient for
coarse clastic sediments and coarse
sedimentary rocks which are friable or
easily disaggregated, but the theory of
sieving deserves closer attention.
2. The irregular grains can be conveniently
classifted into two groups; ellipsoida[
(spherical) grains (Case I) and tabular grains
(Case I). The tabular grains are further
classified into angular (Case IIA) and
rounded (Case lIB). We shall now proceed
to derive the relation between the
intermediate diameter (b) and the shape of
the grain in sieving for these idealized cases.
(Basanta, 2000)
ChE LABORATORY 1
Statement of Problem
1. Determine the particle distribution using
sieving method.
2. Calculate and record the cumulative
percentages of samples.
3. Compare the sum of the retained material
and in the bottom pan to the original
weight of the samples.
Materials/Equipment and
Procedures
1. Stack the sieves on top of each other
with the coarsest (largest opening) on
the top of the stack.
2. Put the bottom pan under the finest
(smallest) opening sieve. This pan
collects “fine” material that passes
through the last one.
3. Use a laboratory scale (accurate to .1
gram) to weigh an empty container
(such as an extra empty bottom pan)
and establish the tare weight.
4. Weigh the sample material.
5. Empty the sample into the top of the
stack. Make sure you do not overload
the surface as this causes “blinding”
or blocking of the openings.
6. Empty the material from the coarsest
sieve into the empty container that
you weighed in step (3). Use a soft
bristle brush to gently brush the
 underside of the sieve to remove all of
the particles.
7. Tap the side of the frame with the
handle of the brush to clean the
remaining material from the sieve.
8. Weigh the contents in the part to the
nearest 1/10 gram and record the data.
9. Return the material to its original
sample container.
10. Repeat steps 6 through 9, using the
container referenced in step (3) for
each sieve, including the fine material
in the bottom pan.
11. Total the weights to make sure the
sum of the retained material and the
material in the bottom pan is as close
as possible to the original weight.
Check your specification for
allowable variation.
12. Divide the weight obtained from each
sieve by the weight of the original
sample. Record the percentage for
each sieve.
13. Repeat all the steps above for 3 times.

Approved by: Engr. CAESAR P. LLAPITAN

Instructor

Name: BOSE, JUDY ANN D.
Title of Experiment: FILTRATION +
Theory
1. Filtration, the technique used to separate
solids from liquids, is the act of pouring a
mixture onto a membrane (filter paper) that
allows the passage of liquid (the filtrate) and
results in the collection of the solid. Two
filtration techniques are generally used in
chemical separations in general chemistry
lab: "gravity" filtration and "vacuum"
filtration.
2. Gravity filtration uses a polyethylene or
glass funnel with a stem and filter paper.
Filter paper can have pore sizes ranging
from small to large to permit slow to fast
filtering. The paper is folded in half (Figure
1), then folded in quarters, and the tip of one
corner is torn off to allow for a snug fit in
the funnel cone. (If the paper has been pre-
weighed, the torn corner piece must be
saved to add to the post-filter weighing to
avoid any errors.) The paper cone is fitted to
the funnel so three thicknesses of the paper
line one-half of the cone and one thickness
APPROVAL SHEET
In
ChE LABORATORY 1
Statement of Problem
1. Characterize the flow through the
simple laboratory test.
2. Validate the theoretical predictions
for dependence of the collected
filtrate volume on time.
3. Determine effects of pressure drop
and slurry concentration on the
porosity and permeability of the filter
cake.
4. Use results of the batch filtration
experiment to predict dependence of
the filtrate flow rate and the rate of the
filter cake production in the large-
scale continuous filtration on the
speed of the drum rotation, pressure
drop, and the slurry concentration.
Materials/Equipment and Procedures
1. Make sure you use the appropriate
size of filter. This is most important
for filtration where the paper should
smaller in diameter than the base of
Buchner or Hirsch funnel (but it must
cover all the holes) and should sit flat
on the bottom of the funnel with no
creases or folds.
2. The steps to flute the filter paper are
shown. First, fold in half; open and
fold in half at 90 to the first fold,
subsequently align adjacent folds and
make new folds bisecting the previous
folds until a fan-like arrangement is
obtained. Pleat into a fan by folding
each segment in the opposite direction
to its neighbours, in accordion-like
fashion. When opened out the
complete fan-like fluted paper results.
Fluting the filter paper maximises the
rate at which the liquid may flow
through the filter paper by increasing
the surface area and by allowing air to
 lines the opposite half (Figure 1). Now place
the funnel into a beaker and wet the filter
paper completely
3. Vacuum filtration uses a Buchner
(pronounced "byook-ner") funnel and a
water aspirator assembly. A Buchner funnel
is a flat bottomed, porous, circular porcelain
bowl with a short stem. The stem is fitted
with a rubber stopper and inserted in the
mouth of a side arm filter flask. Circular
filter paper, the same diameter as the bowl,
is placed on the flat bottom and wetted with
the appropriate solvent to create a seal
before starting the filtration.
Approved by: Engr. CAESAR P. LLAPITAN
Instructor
enter the flask along its sides to permit
rapid pressure equalisation.
3. A filter paper is folded (conventional
or fluted) and placed in a filter funnel
which is then placed in the neck of an
Erlenmeyer flask or supported in a
clamp or ring stand. The solution to be
filtered is then slowly and carefully
poured into the funnel taking care not
to fill the funnel above the edge of the
filter paper.