You are on page 1of 8

Westinghouse Electric Corporation

lnterior Lighting Division


Vicksburg, Miss. U.S.A. 391 80

July, 1975
Supersedes 60-990 A WE A pages
1-8 dated August, 1974
E, D, Ct2142,2143tDB

r--

O
O
)O

O
O

Using ihe following Tables & Calculations. the Arl & Scicnce can be merged
riltnn to create optimum light nil condltions
Conlents Page

Table I IES Recommended lllumination Levels 2 and 3


Table ll Relative Reflector Performance 3

t-i
-_-_-
/-_J
Table lll
Table lV
Table v
Various westinohouse HID Luminaires Available
Suggested Mounting Height Ranges Jor Various Fixtures
a. Typical HID Lamp Characteristics
4
5

6
b. Luminaire Dirt Depreciation Factors 6

Table vl lndustrial Lighting Calculations 7


Page 2

How & Why Science Art


To Select HID a. Desired Footcandle Levels a. The Seeing Task
lndustrial Lighting b. U nif ormity b. B ightness Contro
c. Spacir]g To Mounting Height Fatio c. Co or Rendition t
The se ectlon of an industria I HID f x'
d. Mo!ntlng Height d. Horizontal vs Vertica Footcandles
' . - rs s i 01 a blr a'lhdlr ad b, sLi
e. Efflciency e Open vs Enc osed Rellectors
ence The competent Llghting Salesman f. Which Fixture To Se ect
wi I of{er the cLrstomer the beneiit of the f. Lamp Lumen Depreciatlon (LLD)
g. Luminaire Dirt Depreciatlon (LDD) g. Visual Comfort
scientitic knowledge avaiable to him.
h. Room Cavity Ratio h. Ref ector Size & Types
while at the same time b end ng in the art
of the skilled craftsman. ln any lighting
i. Lamp Life l.Azak
task he w I consider such thinqs as:
j Lamp Cost 2 GLA
k. Amblent Temperature 3.PrismatcGass
. Power Consuanpt on 4. Porcelain
5. Other

Table l-lllumination Level Footcandle Selection Table


The fo lowing recommended lighting age maintained footcand es on the task at the l!mlnaire selected on the basis of
evels are reprlnted from I umlnating any time. Because the ghto!tputofany minimum majntained ght levels. rather
Engineer ng Society pub ications and rep lum nalre deprec ates with use. the light than initia or average values.
resert I6e minimum recommended aver' ng lnstallaiion should be designed and
IES Min. Foot- IES Min. Foot- tEs Min. Foot-
Recommended candleLevel Recommended candle Level Fecommended candle Level
Airplane Manufacturing Waiting. restrooms ........ 30 Ro ling mil s 30
Assembly. inspection. hanga r. r00 Baggage . 50 Shearing .. 50
Dri ing, r veting. screw Ticket co nte r LJ 100 Tin pate .. 50
fasten ing . 7A Electrical Equipment ManuJacturing machine room . . 30
Welding 50 lmpregnatng ....... 50 lnspection 100

o
.

Assembly nsulating: coi winding. Library


Bough easy seeing ...... 30 testlng .......... 100 Ordinary reading, stacks .... 30
Rough difficult seeing . . . . . . 50 Foundries Book repair & binding -..... 50
Medium . 100 Annealing furnaces .., 30 Study & notes. cataloging.
Fine .... . 500(a) Cleaning. 30 card flles check desk 10
Extra line . . 1000(a) Core maklng ... 100 Machine Shops
Auditoriums lnspectio n Rough bench 50
Socia act vlties 5 Fine ........... . 500 Med ium bench. rough
Assembly only 15 MedlLrm ......... 100 grinding. buffing ... .... 100
Exh ib ltion s 30 Molding . 100 Materials Handling
Automobile Manufacturing Pouring. sorting ..... 50 Load ing. trucking 20
Final assembly. fin;shlng, Garages-Motor Vehicles Picking stock, classifying ... 30
inspecting . 200 Storage . . 5 Wrapp ng, packing. labeling 50
Body & chassls assembly ... 100 Traf{ic Lanes Meat Packing
Body parts manufacturing . . 70 Parking garage.... 10 S laughtering 30
Frame assembly 50 Service garage .... 2A C eanlng. canning 100
Banks Entra nces . 50 Offices
Lobby. general 50 Repalr area 100 Corridors, stair\rays ...... 20(k)
Wr tin g areas lo Glass Manutacturing Reading. transcriblng ...... la
Te lers'stations. post ng & Mix & furnace rooms, pressing Regular offlce work ....... - 100
keypunch . 150 & lehr. glass blowlng Accounting. auditlng.
Easketba ll machines . 30 tabulating. bLrsiness machine
Fegulallon 50 Grinding, cLrttlng. silvering .. 50 operation, rough d rafting 150
Recreation 30 Fine qrinding. leve lng, Cartography, designing
Canning & Preserving polishing. 100 detailed drafting . . . . . . . . 2AO
Cutting. pitting. final sort ng, Gymnasiums Paint Shop
continuous be lt canning, Asse mb lies l0 Spraying. rubbing, hand art.
ink canning
s 100 General exerclse & stencil .... ..
Genera hand packing . . ... . 50 recreation . 30 Fine hard pa inting &
Can unscramblers lo Exhibitions. matches ..-... 50 finishing ......
Labelng & cartoning ....... 30 Hockey, lce Paper Manufacturing
Clothing Manu{acture Profess onal 100-200 Beaters. grinding 30
Recelving. storing. shlpplng. Amateu r 50 Flnishing. cutting 50
winding, measuring ..... 30 Fe.reo.on 20 Ha nd counting lo
Pattern maklng. trimming . . . 50 lron & Steet Manufacturino Paper machine ree ,
Shops. marking 100 Stock hot top checker inspection..... 100
Cutting. p ress ing 3001d\ ." .r LatriJ:ng ... .. 10 Rewinder ....... 150
Sewing, inspection ........ roo(a) B jitd ng s'"g p -\. <,r" op r g Post OJfices
Depots, Terminals. Stations yard .... 20 Lobby&tables... 30
C oncou rse 10 Control platforms, repairs, Mail sortino ..... 100
P atforms . 20 mixer building 30

I
61.990 A WE A
Application Data

Paqe 3

Table l-lllumination Level Footcandle Selection Table Continued Comments


tEs Min. Foot- IES Min. Foot- 1. Erightness
candleLevel Recommended candle Level IES defines brightness as the amount
of iumens emanating at high angles
Printing Winding, slashing. liq ht (60' to 90') measured if footlam-
Photo engraving. etching. thread.. ... 50 berts Some customers strongly dis-
bLocking . 50 Same as above with dark agree. and feel that anyone looking at
Color inspecting . 200 thread . . . 200 a 'i'(urF horld 1or oe b noed Actra
.
Presses . lA Others . . 100 iy the entire prob em is only one of
Proofreading 150 Tobacco Products contrast. The eye willbe perfectlV
Composing Toom.. ..... 100 Drying, stripplng. general . . . 30 comfortable if a room s uniform y lt
Fubber Goods & Tire Manufacturing Warehousing. Storage to 1000 ftc. Conversely: a singLe can,
Plasticating. mllllng ....... 30 lnactive . . 5 dle in a p tch black room willappear
Fabric cutting. hose Jooms. overwhelming y bright.
moldlng . 50 Rough bulky 10 2. Open Ventilated vs. Enclosed
Building. wrapping. curing . . 70 Medium . 20 Reflectors
Sheet Metal Works Fine .... 50 a. The chimfey action on an open ven
GeneraL 50 We ld ing tllated ref ector has been proven to
Tin plate inspection. Genera L . 50 be se f cleaning.
galvanized. scribing ..... 200 Woodworking b. Enc os-^d reflectors automatically
Stores Rough sawing & bench work 30 Lose about 10o/o efficiency due to
Circulatlon area, stockroom 30 Sizlng. planing. gluing. interrefLectances ofI the glass en,
Merchandising. serviced .... 100 sanding veneering, medium c osure. The closure is required by
Merchandislng self service 200 quality bench work ...... 50 some industries to serve as a glass
Testing Fine bench work, fine sanding, catcher ln case the lamp falls out or
Generai . 50 f n ishlng . 100 shatters. Other users want to keep
Textile Mills corrosive or unusually moist atmos-
Cotton pheres out of the electrlcal compo

o
Picking. carding. roving, 1a) Obtalned with a comb nation of seneral nent (socket. etc.). The closure
spinning . 50 light ng p us specialized supp ementary
tends to co lect dirt & dust easilV.
Beaming & slashing ..... 150 lght ng.
(k) Or not less than 1/5 the level in adtacenl but is cleanable.
Drawing - 204 3. Reflector Finishes
Others . . 100 a A zak. Still A OK in just abo!t any
Silk & Synthetics area. Best output; easi y cleanedi
Soaking. tinting. light weight: most economical; etc.
conditioning 30 b. Prismatlc Glass. Poor light output;
very heavy: easilV cleaned; most
Table ll-Relative Reflector Performance costly.
c. Semi Specular vs-Ditfuse.
Brishhess O EfiiciencyO
A Diffuse surface generally has
lower output but aJfords better con-
H l9h
trol of short clear arc sources such
as Cerama ux or Metal Halide.
l-l rg h
d. GLA Lowers output slightly and in-
H iah creases brightness. bLrt provides
maxiTnum c eanability wlth lowest
H i9h weight

Mlch H lgher 17 bs H ighest

2\
G lass

GLA G lass Sl sht y H igher SliqhtlV Low€r 3lbs. 5 upFr

Mlch H iqher H igh

H iqh

o Eriaht.ess is measured above 00o


@ Depends on ladrp type
Page 4

Tsble lll-Various Westinghouse HID Lum'naires Available

21 2.4t1 79 1r8
] 175 Watt 21 2 4:1 7l 2Aa Eeauty L te Vlercu ry
250 Wan 21 2 4:1 80 285 Sry e Tone Merc!rv
t75 Watt M H lSl 2 4:1 210 C ear or Phosphored N,]et. Udlide
2.4:1 82 Depe.ds on Tra.sformer C ear Oi ',,

A2 .8 1 191 Il4 450


.€1 86 Bcauty Lite St! e Tone

Twin 4OO Wait a-2 81 1.9 1 84 87 Diiro


8:1
FA2 .8 1 211 l9 8l
A2 1.4 l 462
Twin 400 Watt tA2 8: l 2.1 1 79 8l
A2 14:1 89
9
400 Watt Ceramrl!x HA2 71 1.7 1 a2 85 478

1O0O Watt M ercu rv I O:l 1075

95 1 85

Tw i 4OO Watt NA2 71 1/1 924

Tw n 1000 Wart 101 a2 2154

Twi. 10OO Wau n5 2t 60

Notes and Comments


l. UniJormity
Some customers insist on c oseLy
spac€d slngle Lamp fixtures to insure
uniform tV and to rninimize problems
in sensitive areas (h igh speed ma-
chinesi acute see ng taskst etc.),
where contributions from surrounding
amps wlll provide lig ht to anY spot GO OD UNIFORMITY LOOKS
LIK E THIS:
where a lamP outage may occur.

OSHA and Union problems have been


experienced due to ack of !niformity.

J
J

O
6t-990 AWEA
Application Data

Page 5

Table lV-Suggested Rahges for HID Fixtures at Various Mounting Heights

Height Ratios '10 20 30 40 50


540 21 1O0, 175 or 25OY
2.4:1
3A 12A a-2 .9:1 -9:1 Depends oi F exloc
8l
40 130 HA2 A:1 21:1
A-2

50-130 HA2 .1:1-1 .1:1 Depends on FLexloc

50 120 A2 .9:1'1 .9:'1 Dep€nds on Flex oc


.8 1

50-l30 a:1 21:1


D€pends on Flex oc
A2
l:1

75 130 .9 r1

NA2 .7 11.1 1 Depends on Flex oc

50,150 1:1

50-150 .9 1

Notei The work task wi I strongly affect


the choice of lighting fixtures. Many tasks
require some component of vertical foot-
ca'ld es for assu.ed Lriformiry ard opli
mLrm seeing conditions. This is especially
true at lower mountiner heights.
Page 6

o
TableV-a.Typical HID Lamp Characteristics (LDD)

100 H9 3380 a2 3-6 s 12.00


H39 KC ]750X 175 Ha 75 60 l4 5-7 9.70
H37 KC 250DX 2 5ri Ho 24000 tto00 t2 5,7 16.00
H33 GL-400DX ,100 Hs 20100 a7 5-1 13.10
H36 GW.IOODX I000 lls 24000 ll 51 36 25.90
MH ]75 175 Hq 27.10
MH 4OO 400 Ho 24.40
MH tO00 ttt00 MB r 0000 t(Joo{iQ E 15 63.10
c 150 150 HPS r 5000 r 6000 I4400 90 1Q7 3-4 ol 51.00
c 250 250 HPS 15000 25500 232AO 9l r02 34 0l 53.0O
c 400 200!JO 50000 45000 124 34 O] 55.00
c loLro looo0 130000 I I9600 l3L) 34 ol 125.00

O The above t gures .d cate opt murn perjorma.ce. lvlean L!menslor Merc!r\r Lamps determi,red alrer l6000 Hrs. Mera Ha .le ar 40o/o life
@ T me lrom efergizins to 80o/o light o!tput
O Tlme io restr ke atrer temporary power .1effupt on.

Table V- b. Luminaire Dirt Depreciation Factors (LDD)

Cei ino 80 70 50 10
70-t 0 70 t0 50 lo 50 t0

(LDO)
20

92 to.98
2A

.86 to .92
20

80 to .86
20

75 to 80
2A

70 to .75 o
.11

N'] ls

H gh Speed
L gh1 Sree Mi s

H sh S peed
61-990 A WE A
Application Data

Page 7

Table Vl lndustrial Liqhtinq Calculations (Horizontal Footcandles) Random Notes:


What is the Room Cavity Ratio? (FCB) SEE LLUSTRATION ON TABLE A. These ca culations are based on IES
F.rmLrla ior FCR is: Zonal Cavitv methods. and provide
5 x Mou.tinq Helsht x (Lensth + Width) horlzontalfootcand es only. Many see-
Length x Width ing tasks are enhanced by vertical foot'
/lord r-t"rr e opL_po o\ rr'owo.po F rouoll r 66 orr-4rloo ond !i ruro l cand es. whlch are accentuated by the
\ 'o. |"d "d'o aDI, o, s oro 4i a! " d lloo ". "' I
wider spread distributlons See
llsinq the Selection Cu d€s on Tables & lV choosc rhe optim!,. li\tuie. ldmp .nd Tab e lll.
ref .,.cror comb naliof.
Formulae for horizontal footcandles !s ng ES Foom Cavity merhods are
B. The Coefficient of Uti lzation (C.U.) is
D€sired Footc.id e Leve x Total Area the ratio of amp umens reaching the
Nun bp oi ri L-'e ffi work p ane. The amount of uplight
OR from a given uminalre is generally un
Lumensx LLD x LDD x C U. t No. ol Fxtlres important since very tt e of this liqht
is redirected to the work plane. lt does
affect contrast (Vlsua! Comfort) by
From Table V, selcct appropriate LLD & LDD. brlghtening LJp the surrounding area.
P (L ' o. e. ro p op. pl o.o,4lr . . ,6
I. ag Lo.-.t" lron P"dO"o r ,bo 6 ,oLo p,6 cr. . lc o C. The Spacing To Mounting-Height Ratlo
Compare spac ng ro mo!nt nq heiqhi ratro to the act!al fixture spac ng to un formity. is not an actlal part of the ightlng cal
'ns!re culation itself, but lt has a strong etfect
01 Lr 'o m Ly Tl-. greate Lhe Rdl .
the more vertical footcandles obtalned.
but s nce the IES ca culations show
horizontai footcandles only. you can
r-url fJlly \d) thp vp-lrLdl comoo_enr,s
suopl .d al 10 r\a-96 To P-o\a lh s
-p l1p c. u. s a' v" r ious rd L os.
' ompa
See tesrs 13828 13829 and 13830
61-990 AWEA
Application Data

Page B

A stee foundrv pattern and cone shop with


an aono'ra dusry almosphe-p and strip
f uorescent fixtures was reLit with twin 1000
and 400 watt mercury glass larninated
aluminum refLector HID fixtures. 10 12
footcandle leve s were raised to low bright
ness source. uniform 100 footcandle levels.

Before The core room had a iow ceiling, cLutter, dirt and strip After Felit. the same core room is now a safe productive area with
{ixtures. uniform, good horizontal and vertica illLlmination.

Westinghouse Electric Corporation


lnterior Lighting Division
Vicksburg, Miss. U.S.A. 39180

You might also like